证据
本页包含特色内容的快照,内容强调了探讨关键临床问题的证据,包括不确定性领域。敬请参阅主要专题参考文献列表,了解支持该专题的所有信息源详情。
BMJ Best Practice 临床实践证据表单
该表单为 Cochrane Clinical Answer 针对上述重要临床问题所报道的分析总结。
进行 GRADE 后发现,证据可信度为高或中高,对于关键结局,干预组的有效性/获益高于对照组。
人群: COPD 成人患者
干预: IDM ᵃ
比较: 常规治疗(医务人员定期随访)
结局 | 效能(BMJ 评价)? | 证据可信度(GRADE)? |
---|---|---|
生活质量(>6 个月至 15 个月):St George 呼吸问卷(SGRQ)ᵇ | 干预组结果更优 | 中度 |
功能性运动能力(>6 至 15 个月) | 干预组结果更优 | 中度 |
呼吸病变相关性入院(12 个月) | 干预组结果更优 | 高 |
所有入院 | 干预组结果更优 | 中度 |
平均患者住院天数(全因) | 干预组结果更优 | 中度 |
急诊科就诊 | 干预组结果更优 | 中度 |
出现 ≥1 次加重的患者数 | 差异无统计学意义 | 未针对此结局进行 GRADE 评估 |
死亡率 | 差异无统计学意义 | 未针对此结局进行 GRADE 评估 |
需要至少一个疗程口服类固醇 | 差异无统计学意义 | 未针对此结局进行 GRADE 评估 |
需要至少一个疗程抗生素 | 差异无统计学意义 | 未针对此结局进行 GRADE 评估 |
注意 ᶜ 此 Cochrane Clinical Answer(CCA)所依据的 Cochrane 评价指出,IDM 在短期和中期的效果更好,而且效应量在纳入的研究和干预之间各不相同。IDM 应经过仔细设计和评估,各组成部分应与患者个体目标相关联。 ᵃ 包括在初级、二级和三级医疗机构中进行组织性干预、专业性干预、患者导向干预和经济干预。参阅 CCA 及其所依据的 Cochrane 评价,获取具体干预和 IDM 计划主要组成部分的更多信息。 ᵇ 该结果虽然具有统计学意义,但并未完全达到最小临床意义差值。CCA 还报道了一项通过“慢性呼吸疾病问卷“测量的生活质量亚组分析。然而,只有两项研究报道了这一点,并且分析的效能较弱。
该证据表单关联以下章节:
该表单为 Cochrane Clinical Answer 针对上述重要临床问题所报道的分析总结。
进行 GRADE 后发现,证据可信度为高或中高,对于关键结局,干预组的有效性/获益高于对照组。
人群: 中重度 COPD 成人
干预: 乌美铵(每日一次,干粉吸入 12-52 周)
比较: 安慰剂
结局 | 效能(BMJ 评价)? | 证据可信度(GRADE)? |
---|---|---|
52 周时需要使用皮质类固醇、抗生素或两者兼有的急性加重参与者人数 | 干预组结果更优 | 高 |
24-52 周生活质量(使用圣乔治呼吸问卷 [St George's Respiratory Questionnaire, SGRQ] 进行评测) | 干预组结果更优 | 中度 |
52 周时因 COPD 急性加重入院的参与者人数(通过短暂呼吸困难指数 [Transitional Dyspnoea Index, TDI] 进行评估) | 差异无统计学意义 | 低 |
24 周症状改善 | 干预组结果更优 | 高 |
4-52 周肺功能 | 干预组结果更优 | 高 |
非致死性严重不良事件 | 差异无统计学意义 | 中度 |
不良事件 | 差异无统计学意义 | 中度 |
Cochrane Clinical Answers
Cochrane Clinical Answers(CCAs)来自 Cochrane 系统评价,注重临床,通俗易懂,实操性强,可为即时诊疗决策提供参考信息,收录于 BMJ Best Practice 临床实践。
- What are the effects of integrated disease management (IDM) interventions for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?
- How does tiotropium compare with ipratropium bromide for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?
- How does umeclidinium bromide compare with placebo for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?
- How does a combined inhaler with once‐daily long‐acting beta2‐agonist (LABA) plus a long‐acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA) compare with placebo for adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?
- How does long‐acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA) plus long‐acting beta‐agonist (LABA) compare with LABA plus inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) for people with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?
- What are the benefits and harms of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) in people with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?
- What are the effects of long‐acting inhaled therapies for adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?
- How do phosphodiesterase‐4 inhibitors compare with placebo for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease?
- What are the effects of prophylactic antibiotics for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?
- Which interventions lead to increased regular physical activity for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?
- What are the effects of influenza vaccine in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?
- For people with chronic bronchitis or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, how do mucolytic agents compare with placebo?
- What are the effects of pulmonary rehabilitation after exacerbation in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease?
- For people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), what are the effects of a supervised maintenance program after pulmonary rehabilitation?
- How does bronchoscopic lung volume reduction compare with medical therapy in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease?
- How do statins compare with placebo for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?
- How does lung volume reduction surgery compare with usual medical care in people with diffuse emphysema?
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