COPD 在男性中更为常见,可能是因为男性吸烟者更多。然而,有证据显示女性对吸烟影响的易感性可能高于男性。[23]Xu X, Weiss ST, Rijcken B, et al. Smoking, changes in smoking habits, and rate of decline in FEV1: new insight into gender differences. Eur Respir J. 1994 Jun;7(6):1056-61.
http://erj.ersjournals.com/content/erj/7/6/1056.full.pdf
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7925873?tool=bestpractice.com
[24]Anthonisen NR, Connett JE, Kiley JP, et al. Effects of smoking intervention and the use of an inhaled anticholinergic bronchodilator on the rate of decline of FEV1. The Lung Health Study. JAMA. 1994 Nov 16;272(19):1497-505.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7966841?tool=bestpractice.com
[25]Silverman EK, Weiss ST, Drazen JM, et al. Gender-related differences in severe, early-onset chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2000 Dec;162(6):2152-8.
https://www.atsjournals.org/doi/full/10.1164/ajrccm.162.6.2003112
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11112130?tool=bestpractice.com
[26]Calverley PM, Anderson JA, Celli B. Salmeterol and fluticasone propionate and survival in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. N Engl J Med. 2007 Feb 22;356(8):775-89.
https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa063070
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17314337?tool=bestpractice.com