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Evidence last reviewed: 14 Jun 2026
Topic last updated: 04 Jun 2026
04 Jun 2026

Atualização da diretriz do NICE do Reino Unido: corticosteroides adjuvantes para pneumonia adquirida na comunidade grave (NG250)

A diretriz atualizada do National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) do Reino Unido sobre pneumonia (NG250) recomenda considerar o uso adjuvante de corticosteroides sistêmicos para adultos internados em hospitais com pneumonia adquirida na comunidade (PAC) grave.

Para pacientes com escore CURB-65 de 3 a 5, juntamente com avaliação clínica indicando doença grave, um curto ciclo de corticosteroides sistêmicos pode ser adicionado à antibioticoterapia apropriada, a menos que haja contraindicação. Isto representa uma mudança em relação às orientações anteriores do Reino Unido, que não recomendavam o uso rotineiro de corticosteroides.

Na prática diária:

  • Avalie a gravidade utilizando o CURB-65 em conjunto com o julgamento clínico.

  • Considere o uso adjuvante de corticosteroides para pacientes internados com PAC grave.

  • Não utilize corticosteroides rotineiramente em casos de doença de baixa ou moderada gravidade, ou em pacientes tratados na comunidade.

  • Pondere os potenciais benefícios, incluindo a redução da mortalidade e uma recuperação clínica mais rápida, em relação aos riscos, como hiperglicemia e infecção secundária.

See Management: approach

Original source of update

Summary

Definition

History and exam

Key diagnostic factors

  • tosse com aumento da produção de escarro
  • dispneia
  • dor torácica pleurítica
  • calafrios ou sudorese noturna
  • febre
  • achados anormais no exame respiratório
  • confusão
  • presença de fatores de risco

Other diagnostic factors

  • mialgia
  • mal-estar
  • anorexia
  • letargia
  • agravamento de condições pré-existentes
  • faringite
  • cefaleia
  • náuseas
  • dor abdominal
  • diarreia

Risk factors

  • idade >65 anos
  • residência em um ambiente de cuidados médicos
  • doença respiratória crônica
  • exposição à fumaça de cigarro
  • uso/abuso de álcool
  • higiene bucal ineficiente
  • uso de medicamentos antiácidos
  • contato com crianças
  • Infecção pelo vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV)
  • sexo masculino
  • diabetes mellitus
  • doença renal crônica
  • doença hepática crônica
  • Doença cardíaca crônica
  • uso de opioides, corticosteroides inalatórios, antipsicóticos, medicamentos antidiabéticos

Diagnostic tests

1st tests to order

  • radiografia torácica
  • oximetria de pulso
  • gasometria arterial
  • ureia e eletrólitos
  • hemograma completo
  • proteína C-reativa
  • testes da função hepática

Tests to consider

  • hemocultura
  • cultura de escarro
  • teste de antígeno urinário para Streptococcus pneumoniae
  • teste de antígeno urinário para Legionella pneumophila
  • reação em cadeia da polimerase e/ou testes sorológicos
  • Teste para SARS-CoV-2 (reação em cadeia da polimerase ou antígeno)
  • TC do tórax
  • ultrassonografia do pulmão
  • toracocentese e cultura do líquido pleural
  • angiografia pulmonar por tomografia computadorizada (APTC)
  • broncoscopia
  • procalcitonina sérica

Treatment algorithm

Contributors

Expert advisers

Amy Binnion, BSc (Biochemistry), MBBS, MRCP, PhD

Consultant Respiratory Physician

Respiratory Medicine Institution

Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust

Nottingham

UK

Disclosures

AB has attended a conference fully funded for all delegates by industry sponsorship from multiple sponsors.

Acknowledgements

BMJ Best Practice would like to gratefully acknowledge the previous team of expert contributors, whose work has been retained in parts of the content:

Jonathan Bennett MD

Honorary Professor of Respiratory Sciences

University of Leicester

Respiratory Consultant

Glenfield Hospital

Leicester

UK

Catia Cilloniz MSc, PhD

Post-doctoral Research

Pneumology Department

Hospital Clinic of Barcelona

CIBERES

IDIBAPS

Barcelona

Spain

Antoni Torres MD, PhD

Professor of Medicine

Director

Pulmonary Intensive Care Unit

Respiratory Institute

Hospital Clinic of Barcelona

Barcelona

Spain

Disclosures

JB declares that he has no competing interests. CC and AT are each authors of a number of references cited in this topic.

Peer reviewers

Wei Shen Lim

Consultant Respiratory Physician and Honorary Professor of Medicine

Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust

Nottingham

UK

Disclosures

WSL was chairman of the British Thoracic Society community-acquired pneumonia guidelines committee and a member of the guideline development group for the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence pneumonia guidelines. His institution has received unrestricted investigator-initiated research funding from Pfizer for a multicentre study of pneumococcal pneumonia in which he was the chief investigator, and research funding from the National Institute for Health Research for studies in pneumonia in which he was the principal investigator. He is also an author of at least one reference cited in the topic.

Peer reviewer acknowledgements

BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.

Disclosures

Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.

References

Our in-house evidence and editorial teams collaborate with international expert contributors and peer reviewers to ensure that we provide access to the most clinically relevant information possible.

Key articles

Lim WS, Baudouin SV, George RC, et al; Pneumonia Guidelines Committee of the BTS Standards of Care Committee. British Thoracic Society guidelines for the management of community acquired pneumonia in adults: update 2009. Thorax. 2009 Oct;64(suppl 3):iii1-55.Full text  Abstract

British Thoracic Society. 2015 - Annotated BTS guideline for the management of CAP in adults (2009) summary of recommendations. Jan 2015 [internet publication].Full text

O'Driscoll BR, Howard LS, Earis J, et al. BTS guideline for oxygen use in adults in healthcare and emergency settings. Thorax. 2017 Jun;72 (suppl 1):ii1-90.Full text  Abstract

National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Pneumonia in adults: diagnosis and management. July 2022 [internet publication].Full text

National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Pneumonia: diagnosis and management. Sep 2025 [internet publication].Full text

National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Pneumonia (community-acquired): antimicrobial prescribing. Sep 2019 [internet publication].Full text

Reference articles

A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available here.

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