Resumen
Definición
Anamnesis y examen
Otros factores de diagnóstico
- fatiga
- mialgia o artralgia
- producción de esputo/expectoración
- opresión en el pecho
- síntomas gastrointestinales
- dolor de garganta
- cefalea
- mareos
- síntomas neurológicos
- síntomas oculares
- rinorrea/congestión nasal
- dolor torácico
- síntomas cutáneos
- hemoptisis
- sonidos de respiración bronquial
- taquipnea
- taquicardia
- cianosis
- crepitaciones/estertores durante la auscultación
Factores de riesgo
- residencia/trabajo/viajes en lugares con alto riesgo de transmisión
- contacto con el caso probable o confirmado
- edad avanzada
- residencia en un centro de cuidados a largo plazo
- sexo masculino
- grupo étnico
- presencia de comorbilidades
- enfermedad cardiovascular
- hipertensión
- obesidad
- diabetes
- enfermedad respiratoria crónica
- enfermedad renal crónica
- neoplasia maligna
- anemia falciforme
- trasplante de órganos sólidos
- tabaquismo
- enfermedad cerebrovascular
- demencia
- hepatopatía crónica.
- enfermedad de hígado graso asociada a la disfunción metabólica
- cirugía
- embarazo
- inmunosupresión
- enfermedad autoinmune
- deficiencia de vitamina D
- la contaminación atmosférica
- el clima y la latitud
- residencia en zonas urbanas o desfavorecidas
- Uso de inhibidores de la IECA y antagonistas de los receptores de angiotensina II
- dislipidemia
- uso de estatinas
- uso de inhibidores de la bomba de protones
- Infección por VIH
- talasemia
- síndrome de Down
- niños con ciertas afecciones subyacentes
- grupo sanguíneo A
- Disbiosis intestinal
Pruebas diagnósticas
Primeras pruebas diagnósticas para solicitar
- Reacción en cadena de la polimerasa de transcripción inversa en tiempo real (RT-PCR)
- oximetría de pulso
- GSA
- hemograma completo (HC)
- perfil metabólico completo (PMC)
- nivel de glucemia
- cribado de coagulación
- biomarcadores cardíacos
- proteína C-reactiva sérica
- velocidad de sedimentación globular en suero
- lactato deshidrogenasa en suero
- nivel de interleucina-6 en suero
- procalcitonina sérica
- nivel de ferritina en suero
- amiloide sérico nivel A
- creatina-cinasa y mioglobina en suero
- cultivos de esputo y hemocultivos
- radiografía de tórax
Pruebas diagnósticas que deben considerarse
- Tomografía computarizada (TC) de tórax
- serología
- prueba de antígenos
Pruebas emergentes
- amplificación isotérmica mediada por bucles de la transcripción inversa (RT-LAMP)
- ultrasonido de pulmón
Algoritmo de tratamiento
Colaboradores
Autores
Nicholas J. Beeching, MA, BM BCh, FRCP, FRACP, FFTM RCPS (Glasg), FESCMID, DCH, DTM&H
Consultant and Honorary Senior Lecturer in Infectious Diseases
Royal Liverpool University Hospital and Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine
Liverpool
UK
Divulgaciones
NJB is partially supported by the National Institute of Health Research Health Protection Unit (NIHR HPRU) in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections at University of Liverpool in partnership with Public Health England (PHE), in collaboration with Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine. He is affiliated with Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine. The views expressed are those of the author and not necessarily those of the NHS, the NIHR, the Department of Health, or PHE.
Tom E. Fletcher, MBE, PhD, MBChB, MRCP, DTM&H
Senior Clinical Lecturer and Defence Consultant in Infectious Diseases
Royal Liverpool University Hospital and Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine
Liverpool
UK
Divulgaciones
TEF is a consultant/expert panel member to the World Health Organization, and is funded by the UK Surgeon General, the NHS, and Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine. TEF is partially supported by the National Institute of Health Research Health Protection Unit (NIHR HPRU) in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections at University of Liverpool in partnership with Public Health England (PHE), in collaboration with Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine. He is affiliated with Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine. He has received research grants from the Wellcome Trust, Medical Research Council, and the UK Public Health Rapid Support Team (UK-PHRST). The views expressed are those of the author and not necessarily those of the NHS, the NIHR, the Department of Health, or PHE.
Robert Fowler, MDCM, MS (Epi), FRCP(C)
H. Barrie Fairley Professor of Critical Care
University Health Network and Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine
Director
Clinical Epidemiology and Health Care Research
Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation
Dalla Lana School of Public Health
University of Toronto
Chief
Tory Trauma Program
Sunnybrook Hospital
Toronto
Canada
Divulgaciones
RF declares that he has no competing interests.
Revisores por pares
William A. Petri, Jr., MD, PhD
Professor
Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health
University of Virginia
Charlottesville
VA
Divulgaciones
WAP declares that he has no competing interests.
Xin Zhang, MD, PhD
Attending Physician
The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital
Clinical Division and Research Center of Infectious Disease
Beijing
China
Divulgaciones
XZ declares that he has no competing interests.
Ran Nir-Paz, MD
Associate Professor in Medicine
Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases
Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center
Jerusalem
Israel
Divulgaciones
RNP has received research grants from US-Israel Binational Science Foundation, Hebrew University, Rosetrees Trust, and SpeeDx. He is chair of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID) Study Group for Mycoplasma and Chlamydia Infections (ESGMAC). RNP is a consultant for and has stocks in eDAS Healthcare. He is also chairperson of the Israeli Society for Infectious Diseases guidelines committee.
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