Enfermedad de coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19)

World Health Organization. Clinical management of COVID-19: living guideline, 18 August 2023. Aug 2023 [internet publication].Texto completo

National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. COVID-19 rapid guideline: managing COVID-19. May 2024 [internet publication].Texto completo

World Health Organization. Therapeutics and COVID-19: living guideline. Nov 2023 [internet publication].Texto completo

Bhimraj A, Morgan RL, Hirsch Shumaker A, et al. Infectious Diseases Society of America guidelines on the treatment and management of patients with COVID-19. Jun 2023 [internet publication].Texto completo

1. Coronaviridae Study Group of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. The species severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus: classifying 2019-nCoV and naming it SARS-CoV-2. Nat Microbiol. 2020 Apr;5(4):536-44.Texto completo  Resumen

2. World Health Organization. Tracking SARS-CoV-2 variants. Jun 2024 [internet publication].Texto completo

3. UK Health Security Agency. Investigation of SARS-CoV-2 variants: technical briefings. Sep 2023 [internet publication].Texto completo

4. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. SARS-CoV-2 variant classifications and definitions. Sep 2023 [internet publication].Texto completo

5. World Health Organization. Updated working definitions and primary actions for SARS-CoV-2 variants. Oct 2023 [internet publication].Texto completo

6. Nyberg T, Twohig KA, Harris RJ, et al. Risk of hospital admission for patients with SARS-CoV-2 variant B.1.1.7: cohort analysis. BMJ. 2021 Jun 15;373:n1412.Texto completo  Resumen

7. Bager P, Wohlfahrt J, Fonager J, et al. Risk of hospitalisation associated with infection with SARS-CoV-2 lineage B.1.1.7 in Denmark: an observational cohort study. Lancet Infect Dis. 2021 Nov;21(11):1507-17.Texto completo  Resumen

8. Patone M, Thomas K, Hatch R, et al. Mortality and critical care unit admission associated with the SARS-CoV-2 lineage B.1.1.7 in England: an observational cohort study. Lancet Infect Dis. 2021 Nov;21(11):1518-28.Texto completo  Resumen

9. Graham MS, Sudre CH, May A, et al. Changes in symptomatology, reinfection, and transmissibility associated with the SARS-CoV-2 variant B.1.1.7: an ecological study. Lancet Public Health. 2021 May;6(5):e335-45.Texto completo  Resumen

10. Butt AA, Dargham SR, Chemaitelly H, et al. Severity of illness in persons infected with the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant vs Beta variant in Qatar. JAMA Intern Med. 2022 Feb 1;182(2):197-205.Texto completo  Resumen

11. World Health Organization. Statement on the update of WHO’s working definitions and tracking system for SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern and variants of interest. Mar 2023 [internet publication].Texto completo

12. Mallapaty S. Where did Omicron come from? Three key theories. Nature. 2022 Feb;602(7895):26-8.Texto completo  Resumen

13. World Health Organization. Severity of disease associated with Omicron variant as compared with Delta variant in hospitalized patients with suspected or confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. Jun 2022 [internet publication].Texto completo

14. Ward IL, Bermingham C, Ayoubkhani D, et al. Risk of covid-19 related deaths for SARS-CoV-2 omicron (B.1.1.529) compared with delta (B.1.617.2): retrospective cohort study. BMJ. 2022 Aug 2;378:e070695.Texto completo  Resumen

15. Adjei S, Hong K, Molinari NM, et al. Mortality risk among patients hospitalized primarily for COVID-19 during the Omicron and Delta variant pandemic periods: United States, April 2020 - June 2022. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2022 Sep 16;71(37):1182-9.Texto completo  Resumen

16. Kozlov M. Omicron's feeble attack on the lungs could make it less dangerous. Nature. 2022 Jan;601(7892):177.Texto completo  Resumen

17. Hui KPY, Ng KC, Ho JCW, et al. Replication of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.2 variant in ex vivo cultures of the human upper and lower respiratory tract. EBioMedicine. 2022 Sep;83:104232.Texto completo  Resumen

18. World Health Organization. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) weekly epidemiological update and weekly operational update. May 2024 [internet publication].Texto completo

19. Pijls BG, Jolani S, Atherley A, et al. Demographic risk factors for COVID-19 infection, severity, ICU admission and death: a meta-analysis of 59 studies. BMJ Open. 2021 Jan 11;11(1):e044640.Texto completo  Resumen

20. Viner RM, Mytton OT, Bonell C, et al. Susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection among children and adolescents compared with adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Pediatr. 2021 Feb 1;175(2):143-56.Texto completo  Resumen

21. World Health Organization. COVID-19 disease in children and adolescents: scientific brief, 29 September 2021. Sep 2021 [internet publication].Texto completo

22. Castagnoli R, Votto M, Licari A, et al. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in children and adolescents: a systematic review. JAMA Pediatr. 2020 Sep 1;174(9):882-9.Texto completo  Resumen

23. Somekh I, Stein M, Karakis I, et al. Characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 infections in Israeli children during the circulation of different SARS-CoV-2 variants. JAMA Netw Open. 2021 Sep 1;4(9):e2124343.Texto completo  Resumen

24. Chen F, Tian Y, Zhang L, et al. The role of children in household transmission of COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Infect Dis. 2022 May 11;122:266-75.Texto completo  Resumen

25. Chou R, Dana T, Buckley DI, et al. Epidemiology of and risk factors for coronavirus infection in health care workers: a living rapid review. Ann Intern Med. 2020 Jul 21;173(2):120-36.Texto completo  Resumen

26. Chou R, Dana T, Buckley DI, et al. Update alert 11: epidemiology of and risk factors for coronavirus infection in health care workers. Ann Intern Med. 2022 Aug;175(8):W83-4.Texto completo  Resumen

27. Ren LL, Wang YM, Wu ZQ, et al. Identification of a novel coronavirus causing severe pneumonia in human: a descriptive study. Chin Med J (Engl). 2020 May 5;133(9):1015-24.Texto completo  Resumen

28. Zhu N, Zhang D, Wang W, et al. A novel coronavirus from patients with pneumonia in China, 2019. N Engl J Med. 2020 Feb 20;382(8):727-33.Texto completo  Resumen

29. Lu R, Zhao X, Li J, et al. Genomic characterisation and epidemiology of 2019 novel coronavirus: implications for virus origins and receptor binding. Lancet. 2020 Feb 22;395(10224):565-74.Texto completo  Resumen

30. Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet. 2020 Feb 15;395(10223):497-506.Texto completo  Resumen

31. Chen N, Zhou M, Dong X, et al. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study. Lancet. 2020 Feb 15;395(10223):507-13.Texto completo  Resumen

32. Li Q, Guan X, Wu P, et al. Early transmission dynamics in Wuhan, China, of novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia. N Engl J Med. 2020 Mar 26;382(13):1199-207.Texto completo  Resumen

33. Roberts DL, Rossman JS, Jarić I. Dating first cases of COVID-19. PLoS Pathog. 2021 Jun;17(6):e1009620.Texto completo  Resumen

34. Amendola A, Canuti M, Bianchi S, et al. Molecular evidence for SARS-CoV-2 in samples collected from patients with morbilliform eruptions since late 2019 in Lombardy, northern Italy. Environ Res. 2022 Aug 25;215(Pt 1):113979.Texto completo  Resumen

35. World Health Organization. WHO-convened global study of the origins of SARS-CoV-2. Nov 2020 [internet publication].Texto completo

36. Meyerowitz EA, Richterman A, Gandhi RT, et al. Transmission of SARS-CoV-2: a review of viral, host, and environmental factors. Ann Intern Med. 2021 Jan;174(1):69-79.Texto completo  Resumen

37. World Health Organization. Mask use in the context of COVID-19: interim guidance. Dec 2020 [internet publication].Texto completo

38. Duval D, Palmer JC, Tudge I, et al. Long distance airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2: rapid systematic review. BMJ. 2022 Jun 29;377:e068743.Texto completo  Resumen

39. Birgand G, Peiffer-Smadja N, Fournier S, et al. Assessment of air contamination by SARS-CoV-2 in hospital settings. JAMA Netw Open. 2020 Dec 1;3(12):e2033232.Texto completo  Resumen

40. Razani N, Malekinejad M, Rutherford GW. Clarification regarding "Outdoor transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory viruses: a systematic review". J Infect Dis. 2021 Sep 1;224(5):925-6.Texto completo  Resumen

41. Francis MR, Gidado S, Nuorti JP. The risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in community indoor settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Infect Dis. 2024 May 16 [Epub ahead of print].Texto completo  Resumen

42. Goldstein KM, Ghadimi K, Mystakelis H, et al. Risk of transmitting coronavirus disease 2019 during nebulizer treatment: a systematic review. J Aerosol Med Pulm Drug Deliv. 2021 Jun;34(3):155-70.Texto completo  Resumen

43. Onakpoya IJ, Heneghan CJ, Spencer EA, et al. SARS-CoV-2 and the role of fomite transmission: a systematic review. F1000Res. 2021 Mar 24;10:233.Texto completo  Resumen

44. Onakpoya IJ, Heneghan CJ, Spencer EA, et al. Viral cultures for assessing fomite transmission of SARS-CoV-2: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Hosp Infect. 2022 Sep 14;130:63-94.Texto completo  Resumen

45. Trypsteen W, Van Cleemput J, Snippenberg WV, et al. On the whereabouts of SARS-CoV-2 in the human body: a systematic review. PLoS Pathog. 2020 Oct;16(10):e1009037.Texto completo  Resumen

46. Martinez-Reviejo R, Tejada S, Cipriano A, et al. Solid organ transplantation from donors with recent or current SARS-CoV-2 infection: a systematic review. Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med. 2022 May 6;41(4):101098.Texto completo  Resumen

47. World Health Organization. Definition and categorization of the timing of mother-to-child transmission of SARS-CoV-2: scientific brief. Feb 2021 [internet publication].Texto completo

48. Jeganathan K, Paul AB. Vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2: a systematic review. Obstet Med. 2022 Jun;15(2):91-8.Texto completo  Resumen

49. Zhu F, Zozaya C, Zhou Q, et al. SARS-CoV-2 genome and antibodies in breastmilk: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2021 Sep;106(5):514-21.Texto completo  Resumen

50. Zhou Q, Gao Y, Wang X, et al. Nosocomial infections among patients with COVID-19, SARS and MERS: a rapid review and meta-analysis. Ann Transl Med. 2020 May;8(10):629.Texto completo  Resumen

51. Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine; Heneghan C, Howdon D, Oke J, et al. The ongoing problem of UK hospital acquired infections. Oct 2020 [internet publication].Texto completo

52. Read JM, Green CA, Harrison EM, et al. Hospital-acquired SARS-CoV-2 infection in the UK's first COVID-19 pandemic wave. Lancet. 2021 Sep 18;398(10305):1037-8.Texto completo  Resumen

53. Rhee C, Baker M, Vaidya V, et al. Incidence of nosocomial COVID-19 in patients hospitalized at a large US academic medical center. JAMA Netw Open. 2020 Sep 1;3(9):e2020498.Texto completo  Resumen

54. Subramaniam A, Lim ZJ, Ponnapa Reddy M, et al. SARS-CoV-2 transmission risk to healthcare workers performing tracheostomies: a systematic review. ANZ J Surg. 2022 Jul;92(7-8):1614-25.Texto completo  Resumen

55. Ge Y, Martinez L, Sun S, et al. COVID-19 transmission dynamics among close contacts of index patients with COVID-19: a population-based cohort study in Zhejiang Province, China. JAMA Intern Med. 2021 Oct 1;181(10):1343-50.Texto completo  Resumen

56. Hakki S, Zhou J, Jonnerby J, et al. Onset and window of SARS-CoV-2 infectiousness and temporal correlation with symptom onset: a prospective, longitudinal, community cohort study. Lancet Respir Med. 2022 Nov;10(11):1061-73.Texto completo  Resumen

57. Johnston C, Hughes H, Lingard S, et al. Immunity and infectivity in covid-19. BMJ. 2022 Jul 1;378:e061402.Texto completo  Resumen

58. Jefferson T, Spencer EA, Brassey J, et al. Transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) from pre and asymptomatic infected individuals: a systematic review. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2022 Feb;28(2):178-89.Texto completo  Resumen

59. Jefferson T, Spencer EA, Onakpoya IJ, et al. Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from pre and asymptomatic infected individuals: a systematic review update. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2022 Nov;28(11):1511-2.Texto completo  Resumen

60. Qiu X, Nergiz AI, Maraolo AE, et al. The role of asymptomatic and pre-symptomatic infection in SARS-CoV-2 transmission: a living systematic review. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2021 Apr;27(4):511-9.Texto completo  Resumen

61. Zhou J, Singanayagam A, Goonawardane N, et al. Viral emissions into the air and environment after SARS-CoV-2 human challenge: a phase 1, open label, first-in-human study. Lancet Microbe. 2023 Aug;4(8):e579-90.Texto completo  Resumen

62. Hu Z, Song C, Xu C, et al. Clinical characteristics of 24 asymptomatic infections with COVID-19 screened among close contacts in Nanjing, China. Sci China Life Sci. 2020 May;63(5):706-11.Texto completo  Resumen

63. Luo SH, Liu W, Liu ZJ, et al. A confirmed asymptomatic carrier of 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). Chin Med J (Engl). 2020 May 5;133(9):1123-5.Texto completo  Resumen

64. Lu S, Lin J, Zhang Z, et al. Alert for non-respiratory symptoms of coronavirus disease 2019 patients in epidemic period: a case report of familial cluster with three asymptomatic COVID-19 patients. J Med Virol. 2021 Jan;93(1):518-21.Texto completo  Resumen

65. Li C, Ji F, Wang L, et al. Asymptomatic and human-to-human transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in a 2-family cluster, Xuzhou, China. Emerg Infect Dis. 2020 Mar 31;26(7).Texto completo  Resumen

66. Liu J, Huang J, Xiang D. Large SARS-CoV-2 outbreak caused by asymptomatic traveler, China. Emerg Infect Dis. 2020 Jun 30;29(9).Texto completo  Resumen

67. Jiang XL, Zhang XL, Zhao XN, et al. Transmission potential of asymptomatic and paucisymptomatic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infections: a three-family cluster study in China. 2020 Jun 11;221(12):1948-52.Texto completo  Resumen

68. Gao M, Yang L, Chen X, et al. A study on infectivity of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 carriers. Respir Med. 2020 May 13;169:106026.Texto completo  Resumen

69. Chen F, Fu D, Yang Q, et al. Low transmission risk of 9 asymptomatic carriers tested positive for both SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid and serum IgG. J Infect. 2020 Sep;81(3):452-82.Texto completo  Resumen

70. Danis K, Epaulard O, Bénet T, et al. Cluster of coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) in the French Alps, 2020. Clin Infect Dis. 2020 Jul 28;71(15):825-32.Texto completo  Resumen

71. Cao S, Gan Y, Wang C, et al. Post-lockdown SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid screening in nearly ten million residents of Wuhan, China. Nat Commun. 2020 Nov 20;11(1):5917.Texto completo  Resumen

72. UK Health Security Agency. COVID-19 Omicron variant: infectious period and asymptomatic and symptomatic transmission. ​Jan 2024 [internet publication].Texto completo

73. Buitrago-Garcia D, Ipekci AM, Heron L, et al. Occurrence and transmission potential of asymptomatic and presymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections: update of a living systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS Med. 2022 May;19(5):e1003987.Texto completo  Resumen

74. Chen X, Huang Z, Wang J, et al. Ratio of asymptomatic COVID-19 cases among ascertained SARS-CoV-2 infections in different regions and population groups in 2020: a systematic review and meta-analysis including 130 123 infections from 241 studies. BMJ Open. 2021 Dec 7;11(12):e049752.Texto completo  Resumen

75. Shang W, Kang L, Cao G, et al. Percentage of asymptomatic infections among SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant-positive individuals: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Vaccines (Basel). 2022 Jun 30;10(7):1049.Texto completo  Resumen

76. Stubblefield WB, Talbot HK, Feldstein L, et al. Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 among frontline healthcare personnel during the first month of caring for patients with COVID-19: Nashville, Tennessee. Clin Infect Dis. 2021 May 4;72(9):1645-8.Texto completo  Resumen

77. Althouse BM, Wenger EA, Miller JC, et al. Superspreading events in the transmission dynamics of SARS-CoV-2: opportunities for interventions and control. PLoS Biol. 2020 Nov 12;18(11):e3000897.Texto completo  Resumen

78. Lopez AS, Hill M, Antezano J, et al. Transmission dynamics of COVID-19 outbreaks associated with child care facilities: Salt Lake City, Utah, April–July 2020. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2020 Sep 18;69(37):1319-23.Texto completo  Resumen

79. Wilson E, Donovan CV, Campbell M, et al. Multiple COVID-19 clusters on a university campus: North Carolina, August 2020. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2020 Oct 2;69(39):1416-8.Texto completo  Resumen

80. Xu W, Li X, Dong Y, et al. SARS-CoV-2 transmission in schools: an updated living systematic review (version 2; November 2020). J Glob Health. 2021 Jun 10;11:10004.Texto completo  Resumen

81. Caini S, Martinoli C, La Vecchia C, et al. SARS-CoV-2 circulation in the school setting: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Apr 28;19(9):5384.Texto completo  Resumen

82. Karki SJ, Joachim A, Heinsohn T, et al. Risk of infection and contribution to transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in school staff: a systematic review. BMJ Open. 2021 Nov 3;11(11):e052690.Texto completo  Resumen

83. Young BC, Eyre DW, Kendrick S, et al. Daily testing for contacts of individuals with SARS-CoV-2 infection and attendance and SARS-CoV-2 transmission in English secondary schools and colleges: an open-label, cluster-randomised trial. Lancet. 2021 Oct 2;398(10307):1217-29.Texto completo  Resumen

84. Stein RA. Super-spreaders in infectious diseases. Int J Infect Dis. 2011 Aug;15(8):e510-3.Texto completo  Resumen

85. World Health Organization. Clinical management of COVID-19: living guideline, 18 August 2023. Aug 2023 [internet publication].Texto completo

86. Xin H, Wong JY, Murphy C, et al. The incubation period distribution of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Infect Dis. 2021 Dec 16;73(12):2344-52.Texto completo  Resumen

87. Li B, Zhang S, Zhang R, et al. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Pediatr. 2020 Nov 2;8:591132.Texto completo  Resumen

88. Wu Y, Kang L, Guo Z, et al. Incubation period of COVID-19 caused by unique SARS-CoV-2 strains: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Netw Open. 2022 Aug 1;5(8):e2228008.Texto completo  Resumen

89. Ahammed T, Anjum A, Rahman MM, et al. Estimation of novel coronavirus (COVID-19) reproduction number and case fatality rate: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Health Sci Rep. 2021 Jun;4(2):e274.Texto completo  Resumen

90. Tian T, Huo X. Secondary attack rates of COVID-19 in diverse contact settings, a meta-analysis. J Infect Dev Ctries. 2020 Dec 31;14(12):1361-7.Texto completo  Resumen

91. Thompson HA, Mousa A, Dighe A, et al. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) setting-specific transmission rates: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Infect Dis. 2021 Aug 2;73(3):e754-64.Texto completo  Resumen

92. Madewell ZJ, Yang Y, Longini IM Jr, et al. Factors associated with household transmission of SARS-CoV-2: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Netw Open. 2021 Aug 2;4(8):e2122240.Texto completo  Resumen

93. Silverberg SL, Zhang BY, Li SNJ, et al. Child transmission of SARS-CoV-2: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Pediatr. 2022 Apr 2;22(1):172.Texto completo  Resumen

94. Madewell ZJ, Yang Y, Longini IM Jr, et al. Household secondary attack rates of SARS-CoV-2 by variant and vaccination status: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Netw Open. 2022 Apr 1;5(4):e229317.Texto completo  Resumen

95. Kunasekaran M, Quigley A, Rahman B, et al. Factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 attack rates in aged care: a meta-analysis. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2022 Mar;9(3):ofac033.Texto completo  Resumen

96. Viner R, Waddington C, Mytton O, et al. Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 by children and young people in households and schools: a meta-analysis of population-based and contact-tracing studies. J Infect. 2022 Mar;84(3):361-82.Texto completo  Resumen

97. Vardavas CI, Nikitara K, Aslanoglou K, et al. Systematic review of outbreaks of COVID-19 within households in the European region when the child is the index case. BMJ Paediatr Open. 2023 Jan;7(1):e001718.Texto completo  Resumen

98. Jørgensen SB, Nygård K, Kacelnik O, et al. Secondary attack rates for Omicron and Delta variants of SARS-CoV-2 in Norwegian households. JAMA. 2022 Apr 26;327(16):1610-1.Texto completo  Resumen

99. Marks M, Millat-Martinez P, Ouchi D, et al. Transmission of COVID-19 in 282 clusters in Catalonia, Spain: a cohort study. Lancet Infect Dis. 2021 May;21(5):629-36.Texto completo  Resumen

100. Cevik M, Tate M, Lloyd O, et al. SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, and MERS-CoV viral load dynamics, duration of viral shedding, and infectiousness: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Microbe. 2021 Jan;2(1):e13-22.Texto completo  Resumen

101. Li WT, Zhang Y, Liu M, et al. Prolonged viral shedding in feces of children with COVID-19: a systematic review and synthesis of data. Eur J Pediatr. 2022 Dec;181(12):4011-7.Texto completo  Resumen

102. Aydillo T, Gonzalez-Reiche AS, Aslam S, et al. Shedding of viable SARS-CoV-2 after immunosuppressive therapy for cancer. N Engl J Med. 2020 Dec 24;383(26):2586-8.Texto completo  Resumen

103. Stokel-Walker C. How long does SARS-CoV-2 stay in the body? BMJ. 2022 Jun 28;377:o1555.Texto completo  Resumen

104. Widders A, Broom A, Broom J. SARS-CoV-2: the viral shedding vs infectivity dilemma. Infect Dis Health. 2020 Aug;25(3):210-5.Texto completo  Resumen

105. Jung J, Kim JY, Park H, et al. Transmission and infectious SARS-CoV-2 shedding kinetics in vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals. JAMA Netw Open. 2022 May 2;5(5):e2213606.Texto completo  Resumen

106. Wu Y, Guo Z, Yuan J, et al. Duration of viable virus shedding and polymerase chain reaction positivity of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant in the upper respiratory tract: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Infect Dis. 2023 Apr;129:228-35.Texto completo  Resumen

107. Menezes RG, Rizwan T, Saad Ali S, et al. Postmortem findings in COVID-19 fatalities: a systematic review of current evidence. Leg Med (Tokyo). 2021 Dec 7;54:102001.Texto completo  Resumen

108. Lancet Respiratory Medicine. COVID-19: pathophysiology of acute disease. May 2021 [internet publication].Texto completo

109. Peiris S, Mesa H, Aysola A, et al. Pathological findings in organs and tissues of patients with COVID-19: a systematic review. PLoS One. 2021;16(4):e0250708.Texto completo  Resumen

110. Hoffmann M, Kleine-Weber H, Schroeder S, et al. SARS-CoV-2 cell entry depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and is blocked by a clinically proven protease inhibitor. Cell. 2020 Apr 16;181(2):271-80.Texto completo  Resumen

111. Chen Y, Guo Y, Pan Y, et al. Structure analysis of the receptor binding of 2019-nCoV. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2020 Feb 17;525(1):135-40.Texto completo  Resumen

112. Coutard B, Valle C, de Lamballerie X, et al. The spike glycoprotein of the new coronavirus 2019-nCoV contains a furin-like cleavage site absent in CoV of the same clade. Antiviral Res. 2020 Feb 10;176:104742. Resumen

113. Piplani S, Singh PK, Winkler DA, et al. In silico comparison of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein-ACE2 binding affinities across species and implications for virus origin. Sci Rep. 2021 Jun 24;11(1):13063.Texto completo  Resumen

114. Lei Y, Zhang J, Schiavon CR, et al. SARS-CoV-2 spike protein impairs endothelial function via downregulation of ACE 2. Circ Res. 2021 Apr 30;128(9):1323-6.Texto completo  Resumen

115. Suzuki YJ, Gychka SG. SARS-CoV-2 spike protein elicits cell signaling in human host cells: implications for possible consequences of COVID-19 vaccines. Vaccines (Basel). 2021 Jan 11;9(1):36.Texto completo  Resumen

116. Ramanathan M, Ferguson ID, Miao W, et al. SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.7 and B.1.351 spike variants bind human ACE2 with increased affinity. Lancet Infect Dis. 2021 Aug;21(8):1070.Texto completo  Resumen

117. Raviraj KG, Shobhana SS. Findings and inferences from full autopsies, minimally invasive autopsies and biopsy studies in patients who died as a result of COVID19: a systematic review. Forensic Sci Med Pathol. 2022 Sep;18(3):369-81.Texto completo  Resumen

118. Sofizan NMFBN, Rahman AFBA, Soon LP, et al. Autopsy findings in COVID-19 infection-related death: a systematic review. Egypt J Forensic Sci. 2022;12(1):22.Texto completo  Resumen

119. Osuchowski MF, Winkler MS, Skirecki T, et al. The COVID-19 puzzle: deciphering pathophysiology and phenotypes of a new disease entity. Lancet Respir Med. 2021 Jun;9(6):622-42.Texto completo  Resumen

120. Milross L, Majo J, Cooper N, et al. Post-mortem lung tissue: the fossil record of the pathophysiology and immunopathology of severe COVID-19. Lancet Respir Med. 2021 Dec 3;10(1):95-106.Texto completo  Resumen

121. Ackermann M, Kamp JC, Werlein C, et al. The fatal trajectory of pulmonary COVID-19 is driven by lobular ischemia and fibrotic remodelling. EBioMedicine. 2022 Nov;85:104296.Texto completo  Resumen

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