严重程度取决于患者既往状态和之前基线检查（基于症状、体格检查、肺功能、动脉血气分析）的变化情况。使用辅助呼吸肌、反常呼吸、发绀、新发外周水肿、血流动力学不稳定，和/或精神状态恶化（例如，意识模糊、嗜睡、昏迷）是加重严重程度的重要指标。[1]Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease. Global strategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: 2021 report. 2021 [internet publication].
https://goldcopd.org/2021-gold-reports
