乌干达出现由苏丹型埃博拉病毒引发的埃博拉病毒病暴发
乌干达在 2022 年 9 月 20 日宣布苏丹型埃博拉病毒病暴发。这是乌干达自 2012 年以来由苏丹型埃博拉病毒引发的首次疫情暴发。
截至 2022 年 11 月 7 日，已报告 136 例确诊病例，包括 53 例确诊死亡病例（病例死亡率为 38.9%）。据报告，医务工作者中已确诊 18 例病例和 7 例死亡病例。当前，超过 1300 名接触者在乌干达 7 个区接受监测，其中受影响最严重的是穆本德区。
世界卫生组织评估该次疫情暴发风险在国家层面为“极高”，在地区层面为“高”，而全球范围的风险为“低”。
当前可用的治疗方法和疫苗仅获批用于治疗和预防扎伊尔型埃博拉病毒病。目前正在研发针对苏丹型埃博拉病毒的候选疫苗，并考虑在乌干达展开随机对照试验进行测试。
先前苏丹型埃博拉病毒病暴发的病例死亡率为 53%-65% 不等，最大规模的一次暴发于 2000 年发生在乌干达（425 例）。苏丹型埃博拉病毒是继扎伊尔型埃博拉病毒之后导致疫情暴发的第二常见病毒属。
小结
定义
病史和体格检查
诊断性检查
治疗流程
撰稿人
作者
Nicholas J. Beeching, MA, BM BCh, FRCP, FRACP, FFTM RCPS (Glasg), FESCMID, DCH, DTM&H
Consultant and Emeritus Professor of Tropical and Infectious Diseases
Royal Liverpool University Hospital
Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine
Liverpool
UK
利益声明
NJB is partially supported by the National Institute of Health Research Health Protection Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections at the University of Liverpool and Public Health England. Views expressed in this topic are those of the contributor and do not necessarily represent the official position of the National Health Service, the National Institute for Health Research, the Department of Health, or Public Health England. NJB is an author of references cited in this topic.
Manuel Fenech, MD, MRCP, DTM&H
Specialist Trainee in Infectious Diseases
Royal Liverpool University Hospital
Liverpool
UK
利益声明
MF declares that he has no competing interests.
Tom E. Fletcher, MBE, MBChB, MRCP, DTM&H
Wellcome Trust/MoD Research Fellow
Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine
Liverpool
UK
利益声明
TEF is an author of a number of references cited in this monograph. TEF is a consultant/expert panel member to the World Health Organization, and is funded by the UK Surgeon General and the Wellcome Trust. TEF has received research grants from the Medical Research Council and the UK Public Health Rapid Support Team (UK-PHRST).
Catherine F. Houlihan, MSc, MB ChB, MRCP, DTM&H
Clinical Lecturer
University College London
Honorary Clinical Lecturer
London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine
London
UK
利益声明
CFH declares that she has no competing interests.
鸣谢
Dr Nicholas J. Beeching, Dr Manuel Fenech, Dr Tom E. Fletcher, and Dr Catherine F. Houlihan would like to thank Dr Colin Brown (Infectious Disease Lead, Kings Sierra Leone Partnership) for his helpful comments and insights.
利益声明
CB declares that he has no competing interests.
同行评议者
William A. Petri, Jr, MD, PhD, FACP
Wade Hampton Frost Professor of Epidemiology
Professor of Medicine, Microbiology, and Pathology
Chief
Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health
University of Virginia
Charlottesville
VA
利益声明
WAP declares that he has no competing interests.
Luis Ostrosky-Zeichner, MD, FACP, FIDSA, FSHEA
Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology
UT Health Medical School
Medical Director of Epidemiology
Memorial Hermann Texas Medical Center
Houston
TX
利益声明
LO-Z declares that he has no competing interests.
Stephen Mepham, MRCP (UK), FRCPATH, DTM&H, MD
Consultant in Microbiology and Infectious Diseases
Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust
London
UK
利益声明
SM declares that he has no competing interests.
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