Summary
Definition
History and exam
Risk factors
- 年龄＞65 岁
- 居住在医疗照护机构
- 慢性阻塞性肺疾病 (COPD)
- 暴露于香烟烟雾
- 酗酒
- 口腔卫生不佳
- 使用胃酸抑制类药物、吸入用皮质类固醇、抗精神病药物、降糖药物
- 与儿童接触
- HIV 感染
- 糖尿病
- 慢性肾病
- 慢性肝病
- 阿片类药物的应用
Diagnostic investigations
Investigations to consider
- 肺部超声
- 胸部 CT
- 针对军团菌和肺炎球菌的尿抗原检测
- 血清 C 反应蛋白
- 血清原降钙素
- 胸腔穿刺术和胸水培养
- 支气管镜检查
- 呼吸道病毒检测
- 分子微生物技术
Treatment algorithm
Contributors
Authors
Catia Cilloniz, MSc, PhD
Post-doctoral Research
Pneumology Department
Hospital Clinic of Barcelona
CIBERES
IDIBAPS
Barcelona
Spain
Disclosures
CC is an author of a number of references cited in this topic.
Antoni Torres, MD, PhD
Professor of Medicine
Director
Pulmonary Intensive Care Unit
Respiratory Institute
Hospital Clinic of Barcelona
Barcelona
Spain
Disclosures
AT is an author of a number of references cited in this topic.
Acknowledgements
Dr Catia Cilloniz and Professor Antoni Torres would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr M. Nawal Lutfiyya, Dr Linda Chang, and Dr Robert Bales, previous contributors to this topic.
Disclosures
MNL is an author of a reference cited in this topic. LC and RB declare that they have no competing interests.
Peer reviewers
Barbara Jones, MD, MSc
Assistant Professor
Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine
University of Utah
Salt Lake City
UT
Disclosures
BJ declares that she has no competing interests.
Denise Nassisi, MD
Associate Professor
Departments of Emergency Medicine and Medicine
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
New York
NY
Disclosures
DN declares that she has no competing interests.
Grant Waterer, MBBS, PhD, MBA, FRACP, FCCP
Professor of Medicine
Royal Perth Hospital
Perth
Australia
Disclosures
GW declares that he has no competing interests.
Jeremy Brown, MBBS, FRCP, PhD
Professor of Respiratory Infection/Honorary Consultant
University College London
London
UK
Disclosures
JB was a member of the NICE pneumonia guidelines committee.
Nathan Dean, MD
Professor (clinical) of Medicine
Section Chief Pulmonary Critical Care Medicine
University of Utah
Intermountain Medical Center
Murray
UT
Disclosures
ND declares that he has no competing interests.
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