2016 年,全球疾病负担、损伤和危险因素(global burden of diseases, injuries, and risk factors,GDB)研究表明,下呼吸道感染影响了全球 3.36 亿人群,其中所有年龄人群的住院人数估计为 6590 万,造成了 2,377,697 例死亡。[3]GBD 2016 Lower Respiratory Infections Collaborators. Estimates of the global, regional, and national morbidity, mortality, and aetiologies of lower respiratory infections in 195 countries, 1990-2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. Lancet Infect Dis. 2018 Nov;18(11):1191-210.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6202443
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30243584?tool=bestpractice.com
2017 年,GDB 研究显示,在 5 岁以下的儿童中,因下呼吸道感染死亡的总人数在 2007 年至 2017 年间下降了 36%,而在 70 岁以上的成年人中上升了 34%。[4]GBD 2017 Causes of Death Collaborators. Global, regional, and national age-sex-specific mortality for 282 causes of death in 195 countries and territories, 1980-2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Lancet. 2018 Nov 10;392(10159):1736-788.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6227606
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30496103?tool=bestpractice.com
据估计,美国成人 CAP 年发病率为 24.8 例/10,000 人。[5]Jain S, Self WH, Wunderink RG, et al. Community-acquired pneumonia requiring hospitalization among US adults. N Engl J Med. 2015 Jul 30;373(5):415-27.
http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1500245
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26172429?tool=bestpractice.com
如果综合考虑肺炎和流感的影响,则二者是 2016 年美国第八大致死原因(每 100,000 人中 13.5 人死亡),并且是当年主要感染原因。[6]Kochanek KD, Murphy SL, Xu J, et al. Deaths: final data for 2016. Natl Vital Stat Rep. 2018 Jul;67(5):1-76.
https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/hus
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30248015?tool=bestpractice.com
在英国,每年有 0.5%-1% 的成年人患 CAP。在到全科医师处就诊的具有下呼吸道感染症状的成年患者,有 5%-15% 的患者被诊断为 CAP。在这些患者中,22%-42% 被收入院治疗,死亡率在 5%-14% 之间。[7]National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Pneumonia in adults: diagnosis and management. Sep 2019 [internet publication].
https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg191