CAP 是使用质子泵抑制剂相关的最常见的不良反应之一。[49]Abramowitz J, Thakkar P, Isa A, et al. Adverse event reporting for proton pump inhibitor therapy: an overview of systematic reviews. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2016 Oct;155(4):547-54.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27188706?tool=bestpractice.com
其原因被认为是由于胃酸分泌减少,使得病原体更容易在上呼吸道定植。这些药物在门诊使用导致 CAP 发病风险增加 1.5 倍。[50]Lambert AA, Lam JO, Paik JJ, et al. Risk of community-acquired pneumonia with outpatient proton-pump inhibitor therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2015 Jun 4;10(6):e0128004.
http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0128004
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26042842?tool=bestpractice.com
H2 受体拮抗剂也可能导致 CAP 的风险增加。[51]Eom CS, Jeon CY, Lim JW, et al. Use of acid-suppressive drugs and risk of pneumonia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. CMAJ. 2011 Feb 22;183(3):310-9.
http://www.cmaj.ca/content/183/3/310.long
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21173070?tool=bestpractice.com
与 CAP 风险增加独立相关的其他药物包括吸入皮质类固醇(尤其是剂量较大的情况下)、抗精神病药物(尤其是非典型抗精神病和老年人中)、降糖药物。[52]Liapikou A, Cilloniz C, Torres A, et al. Drugs that increase the risk of community-acquired pneumonia: a narrative review. Expert Opin Drug Saf. 2018 Oct;17(10):991-1003.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30196729?tool=bestpractice.com