住院治疗的肺炎患者罹患此症的发生率可高达 57%。[163]Light RW, Girard WM, Jenkinson SG, et al. Parapneumonic effusions. Am J Med. 1980 Oct;69(4):507-12.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7424940?tool=bestpractice.com
[164]Taryle DA, Potts DE, Sahn SA. The incidence and clinical correlates of parapneumonic effusions in pneumococcal pneumonia. Chest. 1978 Aug;74(2):170-3.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/679746?tool=bestpractice.com
伴有胸膜腔积液的 CAP 病例中,约 1% 至 2% 的病例会并发脓胸。
应将胸腔积液考虑为诊断肺炎严重程度的指标,胸腔积液与治疗失败风险增高显著相关。[18]Metlay JP, Waterer GW, Long AC, et al. Diagnosis and treatment of adults with community-acquired pneumonia. An official clinical practice guideline of the American Thoracic Society and Infectious Diseases Society of America. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2019 Oct 1;200(7):e45-e67.
https://www.atsjournals.org/doi/full/10.1164/rccm.201908-1581ST
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31573350?tool=bestpractice.com
[165]Menéndez R, Torres A, Zalacaín R, et al. Risk factors of treatment failure in community acquired pneumonia: implications for disease outcome. Thorax. 2004 Nov;59(11):960-5.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1746855
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15516472?tool=bestpractice.com
胸腔积液