Community-acquired pneumonia in adults (non Covid-19)

Metlay JP, Waterer GW, Long AC, et al. Diagnosis and treatment of adults with community-acquired pneumonia. An official clinical practice guideline of the American Thoracic Society and Infectious Diseases Society of America. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2019 Oct 1;200(7):e45-67.Texto completo  Resumen

1. Simonetti AF, Viasus D, Garcia-Vidal C, et al. Management of community-acquired pneumonia in older adults. Ther Adv Infect Dis. 2014 Feb;2(1):3-16.Texto completo  Resumen

2. Masiá M, Gutiérrez F, Padilla S, et al. Clinical characterisation of pneumonia caused by atypical pathogens combining classic and novel predictors. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2007 Feb;13(2):153-61.Texto completo  Resumen

3. Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation. Lower respiratory infections — level 3 cause. 2019 [internet publication].Texto completo

4. GBD 2019 Diseases and Injuries Collaborators. Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet. 2020 Oct 17:396(10258):1204-22.Texto completo  Resumen

5. Jain S, Self WH, Wunderink RG, et al. Community-acquired pneumonia requiring hospitalization among US adults. N Engl J Med. 2015 Jul 30;373(5):415-27.Texto completo  Resumen

6. Kochanek KD, Murphy SL, Xu J, et al. Deaths: final data for 2016. Natl Vital Stat Rep. 2018 Jul;67(5):1-76.Texto completo  Resumen

7. McLaughlin JM, Khan FL, Thoburn EA, et al. Rates of hospitalization for community-acquired pneumonia among US adults: a systematic review. Vaccine. 2020 Jan 22;38(4):741-51.Texto completo  Resumen

8. Rice LB. Antimicrobial resistance in gram-positive bacteria. Am J Med. 2006 Jun;119(suppl 1):S11-9. Resumen

9. Cillóniz C, Ewig S, Polverino E, et al. Microbial aetiology of community-acquired pneumonia and its relation to severity. Thorax. 2011 Apr;66(4):340-6.Texto completo  Resumen

10. Cillóniz C, Ewig S, Polverino E, et al. Community-acquired pneumonia in outpatients: aetiology and outcomes. Eur Respir J. 2012 Oct;40(4):931-8.Texto completo  Resumen

11. Cilloniz C, Torres A, Polverino E, et al. Community-acquired lung respiratory infections in HIV-infected patients: microbial aetiology and outcome. Eur Respir J. 2014 Jun;43(6):1698-708.Texto completo  Resumen

12. Almirall J, Boixeda R, Bolíbar I, et al. Differences in the etiology of community-acquired pneumonia according to site of care: a population-based study. Respir Med. 2007 Oct;101(10):2168-75.Texto completo  Resumen

13. Alimi Y, Lim WS, Lansbury L, et al. Systematic review of respiratory viral pathogens identified in adults with community-acquired pneumonia in Europe. J Clin Virol. 2017 Oct;95:26-35. Resumen

14. Almirall J, Bolíbar I, Vidal J, et al. Epidemiology of community-acquired pneumonia in adults: a population-based study. Eur Respir J. 2000 Apr;15(4):757-63.Texto completo  Resumen

15. Torres A, Cillóniz C, Blasi F, et al. Burden of pneumococcal community-acquired pneumonia in adults across Europe: a literature review. Respir Med. 2018 Apr;137:6-13. Resumen

16. Marchello C, Dale AP, Thai TN, et al. Prevalence of atypical pathogens in patients with cough and community-acquired pneumonia: a meta-analysis. Ann Fam Med. 2016 Nov;14(6):552-66.Texto completo  Resumen

17. Arnold FW, Summersgill JT, Ramirez JA. Role of atypical pathogens in the etiology of community-acquired pneumonia. Semin Respir Crit Care Med. 2016 Dec;37(6):819-28. Resumen

18. Metlay JP, Waterer GW, Long AC, et al. Diagnosis and treatment of adults with community-acquired pneumonia. An official clinical practice guideline of the American Thoracic Society and Infectious Diseases Society of America. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2019 Oct 1;200(7):e45-67.Texto completo  Resumen

19. Torres A, Barberán J, Falguera M, et al. Multidisciplinary guidelines for the management of community-acquired pneumonia [in Spanish]. Med Clin (Barc). 2013 Mar 2;140(5):223.e1-223.e19. Resumen

20. Mandell LA, Marrie TJ, Grossman RF, et al; The Canadian Community-Acquired Pneumonia Working Group. Canadian guidelines for the initial management of community-acquired pneumonia: an evidence-based update by the Canadian Infectious Diseases Society and the Canadian Thoracic Society. Clin Infect Dis. 2000 Aug;31(2):383-421.Texto completo  Resumen

21. Hogerwerf L, DE Gier B, Baan B, et al. Chlamydia psittaci (psittacosis) as a cause of community-acquired pneumonia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Epidemiol Infect. 2017 Nov;145(15):3096-105. Resumen

22. Spoorenberg SM, Bos WJ, van Hannen EJ, et al. Chlamydia psittaci: a relevant cause of community-acquired pneumonia in two Dutch hospitals. Neth J Med. 2016 Feb;74(2):75-81. Resumen

23. Cillóniz C, Dominedò C, Nicolini A, et al. PES pathogens in severe community-acquired pneumonia. Microorganisms. 2019 Feb 12;7(2):E49.Texto completo  Resumen

24. Prina E, Ranzani OT, Polverino E, et al. Risk factors associated with potentially antibiotic-resistant pathogens in community-acquired pneumonia. Ann Am Thorac Soc. 2015 Feb;12(2):153-60. Resumen

25. Jokinen C, Heiskanen L, Juvonen H, et al. Microbial etiology of community-acquired pneumonia in the adult population of 4 municipalities in eastern Finland. Clin Infect Dis. 2001 Apr 15;32(8):1141-54.Texto completo  Resumen

26. Jennings LC, Anderson TP, Beynon KA, et al. Incidence and characteristics of viral community-acquired pneumonia in adults. Thorax. 2008 Jan;63(1):42-8.Texto completo  Resumen

27. Burk M, El-Kersh K, Saad M, et al. Viral infection in community-acquired pneumonia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Respir Rev. 2016 Jun;25(140):178-88.Texto completo  Resumen

28. Cillóniz C, Dominedò C, Magdaleno D, et al. Pure viral sepsis secondary to community-acquired pneumonia in adults: risk and prognostic factors. J Infect Dis. 2019 Aug 30;220(7):1166-71. Resumen

29. Wunderink RG, Waterer G. Advances in the causes and management of community acquired pneumonia in adults. BMJ. 2017 Jul 10;358:j2471. Resumen

30. Johansson N, Kalin M, Tiveljung-Lindell A, et al. Etiology of community-acquired pneumonia: increased microbiological yield with new diagnostic methods. Clin Infect Dis. 2010 Jan 15;50(2):202-9.Texto completo  Resumen

31. Alcón A, Fàbregas N, Torres A. Pathophysiology of pneumonia. Clin Chest Med. 2005 Mar;26(1):39-46. Resumen

32. Torres A, Peetermans WE, Viegi G, et al. Risk factors for community-acquired pneumonia in adults in Europe: a literature review. Thorax. 2013 Nov;68(11):1057-65.Texto completo  Resumen

33. Rumbak MJ. The pathogenesis of ventilator-associated pneumonia. Semin Respir Crit Care Med. 2002 Oct;23(5):427-34. Resumen

34. Dickson RP, Erb-Downward JR, Huffnagle GB. Towards an ecology of the lung: new conceptual models of pulmonary microbiology and pneumonia pathogenesis. Lancet Respir Med. 2014 Mar;2(3):238-46.Texto completo  Resumen

35. Wu BG, Segal LN. The lung microbiome and its role in pneumonia. Clin Chest Med. 2018 Dec;39(4):677-89. Resumen

36. Man WH, de Steenhuijsen Piters WA, Bogaert D. The microbiota of the respiratory tract: gatekeeper to respiratory health. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2017 May;15(5):259-70. Resumen

37. Cillóniz C, Polverino E, Ewig S, et al. Impact of age and comorbidity on cause and outcome in community-acquired pneumonia. Chest. 2013 Sep;144(3):999-1007. Resumen

38. Polverino E, Dambrava P, Cillóniz C, et al. Nursing home-acquired pneumonia: a 10 year single-centre experience. Thorax. 2010 Apr;65(4):354-9.Texto completo  Resumen

39. Sund-Levander M, Ortqvist A, Grodzinsky E, et al. Morbidity, mortality and clinical presentation of nursing home-acquired pneumonia in a Swedish population. Scand J Infect Dis. 2003;35(5):306-10. Resumen

40. Molinos L, Clemente MG, Miranda B, et al. Community-acquired pneumonia in patients with and without chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. J Infect. 2009 Jun;58(6):417-24. Resumen

41. Kohlhammer Y, Schwartz M, Raspe H, et al. Risk factors for community acquired pneumonia (CAP): a systematic review [in German]. Dtsch Med Wochenschr. 2005 Feb 25;130(8):381-6. Resumen

42. Garcia-Vidal C, Ardanuy C, Tubau F, et al. Pneumococcal pneumonia presenting with septic shock: host- and pathogen-related factors and outcomes. Thorax. 2010 Jan;65(1):77-81. Resumen

43. Gordin FM, Roediger MP, Girard PM, et al. Pneumonia in HIV-infected persons: increased risk with cigarette smoking and treatment interruption. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2008 Sep 15;178(6):630-6.Texto completo  Resumen

44. Bello S, Menéndez R, Torres A, et al. Tobacco smoking increases the risk for death from pneumococcal pneumonia. Chest. 2014 Oct;146(4):1029-37. Resumen

45. Baskaran V, Murray RL, Hunter A, et al. Effect of tobacco smoking on the risk of developing community acquired pneumonia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2019 Jul 18;14(7):e0220204.Texto completo  Resumen

46. Almirall J, Serra-Prat M, Bolíbar I, et al. Passive smoking at home is a risk factor for community-acquired pneumonia in older adults: a population-based case-control study. BMJ Open. 2014 Jun 13;4(6):e005133.Texto completo  Resumen

47. Simou E, Britton J, Leonardi-Bee J. Alcohol and the risk of pneumonia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open. 2018 Aug 22;8(8):e022344.Texto completo  Resumen

48. Samokhvalov AV, Irving HM, Rehm J. Alcohol consumption as a risk factor for pneumonia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Epidemiol Infect. 2010 Dec;138(12):1789-95. Resumen

49. Cao Y, Liu C, Lin J, et al. Oral care measures for preventing nursing home-acquired pneumonia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2022 Nov 16;11(11):CD012416.Texto completo  Resumen

50. Abramowitz J, Thakkar P, Isa A, et al. Adverse event reporting for proton pump inhibitor therapy: an overview of systematic reviews. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2016 Oct;155(4):547-54. Resumen

51. Lambert AA, Lam JO, Paik JJ, et al. Risk of community-acquired pneumonia with outpatient proton-pump inhibitor therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2015 Jun 4;10(6):e0128004.Texto completo  Resumen

52. Eom CS, Jeon CY, Lim JW, et al. Use of acid-suppressive drugs and risk of pneumonia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. CMAJ. 2011 Feb 22;183(3):310-9.Texto completo  Resumen

53. Liapikou A, Cilloniz C, Torres A, et al. Drugs that increase the risk of community-acquired pneumonia: a narrative review. Expert Opin Drug Saf. 2018 Oct;17(10):991-1003. Resumen

54. Almirall J, Bolíbar I, Serra-Prat M, et al. New evidence of risk factors for community-acquired pneumonia: a population-based study. Eur Respir J. 2008 Jun;31(6):1274-84.Texto completo  Resumen

55. Schnoor M, Klante T, Beckmann M, et al. Risk factors for community-acquired pneumonia in German adults: the impact of children in the household. Epidemiol Infect. 2007 Nov;135(8):1389-97.Texto completo  Resumen

56. Teepe J, Grigoryan L, Verheij TJ. Determinants of community-acquired pneumonia in children and young adults in primary care. Eur Respir J. 2010 May;35(5):1113-7.Texto completo  Resumen

57. Cillóniz C, García-Vidal C, Moreno A, et al. Community-acquired bacterial pneumonia in adult HIV-infected patients. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2018 Jul;16(7):579-88. Resumen

58. Yende S, van der Poll T, Lee M, et al. The influence of pre-existing diabetes mellitus on the host immune response and outcome of pneumonia: analysis of two multicentre cohort studies. Thorax. 2010 Oct;65(10):870-7.Texto completo  Resumen

59. Kornum JB, Thomsen RW, Riis A, et al. Diabetes, glycemic control, and risk of hospitalization with pneumonia: a population-based case-control study. Diabetes Care. 2008 Aug;31(8):1541-5.Texto completo  Resumen

60. Kang CI, Song JH, Kim SH, et al. Risk factors and pathogenic significance of bacteremic pneumonia in adult patients with community-acquired pneumococcal pneumonia. J Infect. 2013 Jan;66(1):34-40. Resumen

61. From S, Targowski T. The risk factors of death in community-acquired pneumonia [in Polish]. Pol Merkur Lekarski. 2002 Jun;12(72):455-7. Resumen

62. Chidiac C, Che D, Pires-Cronenberger S, et al. Factors associated with hospital mortality in community-acquired legionellosis in France. Eur Respir J. 2012 Apr;39(4):963-70.Texto completo  Resumen

63. Fernández J, Navasa M, Gómez J, et al. Bacterial infections in cirrhosis: epidemiological changes with invasive procedures and norfloxacin prophylaxis. Hepatology. 2002 Jan;35(1):140-8.Texto completo  Resumen

64. Cillóniz C, Ewig S, Polverino E, et al. Pulmonary complications of pneumococcal community-acquired pneumonia: incidence, predictors, and outcomes. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2012 Nov;18(11):1134-42.Texto completo  Resumen

65. Edelman EJ, Gordon KS, Crothers K, et al. Association of prescribed opioids with increased risk of community-acquired pneumonia among patients with and without HIV. JAMA Intern Med. 2019 Mar 1;179(3):297-304. Resumen

66. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Adult immunization schedule by age: recommendations for ages 19 years or older, United States, 2024. Feb 2024 [internet publication].Texto completo

67. Kobayashi M, Pilishvili T, Farrar JL, et al. Pneumococcal vaccine for adults aged ≥19 years: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices, United States, 2023. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2023 Sep 8;72(3):1-39.Texto completo  Resumen

68. Padhani ZA, Moazzam Z, Ashraf A, et al. Vitamin C supplementation for prevention and treatment of pneumonia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021 Nov 18;11:CD013134.Texto completo  Resumen

69. Public Health England. Insufficient evidence for vitamin D preventing or treating ARTIs. Jul 2020 [internet publication].Texto completo

70. Cheng GS, Crothers K, Aliberti K, et al. Immunocompromised host pneumonia: definitions and diagnostic criteria: an official American Thoracic Society workshop report. Ann Am Thorac Soc. 2023 Mar;20(3):341-53.Texto completo  Resumen

71. Barbagelata E, Cillóniz C, Dominedò C, et al. Gender differences in community-acquired pneumonia. Minerva Med. 2020 Apr;111(2):153-65. Resumen

72. Niederman MS. Imaging for the management of community-acquired pneumonia: what to do if the chest radiograph is clear. Chest. 2018 Mar;153(3):583-5. Resumen

73. Qaseem A, Etxeandia-Ikobaltzeta I, Mustafa RA, et al. Appropriate use of point-of-care ultrasonography in patients with acute dyspnea in emergency department or inpatient settings: a clinical guideline from the American College of Physicians. Ann Intern Med. 2021 Jul;174(7):985-93.Texto completo  Resumen

74. Reissig A, Gramegna A, Aliberti S. The role of lung ultrasound in the diagnosis and follow-up of community-acquired pneumonia. Eur J Intern Med. 2012 Jul;23(5):391-7. Resumen

75. Llamas-Álvarez AM, Tenza-Lozano EM, Latour-Pérez J. Accuracy of lung ultrasonography in the diagnosis of pneumonia in adults: systematic review and meta-analysis. Chest. 2017 Feb;151(2):374-82. Resumen

76. Orso D, Guglielmo N, Copetti R. Lung ultrasound in diagnosing pneumonia in the emergency department: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Emerg Med. 2018 Oct;25(5):312-21. Resumen

77. Gartlehner G, Wagner G, Affengruber L, et al. Point-of-care ultrasonography in patients with acute dyspnea: an evidence report for a clinical practice guideline by the American College of Physicians. Ann Intern Med. 2021 Jul;174(7):967-76.Texto completo  Resumen

78. Claessens YE, Debray MP, Tubach F, et al. Early chest computed tomography scan to assist diagnosis and guide treatment decision for suspected community-acquired pneumonia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2015 Oct 15;192(8):974-82. Resumen

79. Del Rio-Pertuz G, Gutiérrez JF, Triana AJ, et al. Usefulness of sputum gram stain for etiologic diagnosis in community-acquired pneumonia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Infect Dis. 2019 May 10;19(1):403.Texto completo  Resumen

80. American Society for Clinical Pathology. Thirty five things physicians and patients should question. Choosing Wisely, an initiative of the ABIM Foundation. 2021 [internet publication].Texto completo

81. Smith MD, Fee C, et al. Clinical policy: critical issues in the management of adult patients presenting to the emergency department with community-acquired pneumonia. Ann Emerg Med. 2021 Jan;77(1):e1-e57. Resumen

82. Menéndez R, Cavalcanti M, Reyes S, et al. Markers of treatment failure in hospitalised community acquired pneumonia. Thorax. 2008 May;63(5):447-52.Texto completo  Resumen

83. Woodhead M. New guidelines for the management of adult lower respiratory tract infections. Eur Respir J. 2011 Dec;38(6):1250-1.Texto completo  Resumen

84. Menéndez R, Sahuquillo-Arce JM, Reyes S, et al. Cytokine activation patterns and biomarkers are influenced by microorganisms in community-acquired pneumonia. Chest. 2012 Jun;141(6):1537-45. Resumen

85. Ugajin M, Yamaki K, Hirasawa N, et al. Predictive values of semi-quantitative procalcitonin test and common biomarkers for the clinical outcomes of community-acquired pneumonia. Respir Care. 2014 Apr;59(4):564-73.Texto completo  Resumen

86. Sirvent JM, Vidaur L, Gonzalez S, et al. Microscopic examination of intracellular organisms in protected bronchoalveolar mini-lavage fluid for the diagnosis of ventilator-associated pneumonia. Chest. 2003 Feb;123(2):518-23. Resumen

87. Murdoch DR. How recent advances in molecular tests could impact the diagnosis of pneumonia. Expert Rev Mol Diagn. 2016;16(5):533-40. Resumen

88. Evans SE, Jennerich AL, Azar MM, et al. Nucleic acid-based testing for noninfluenza viral pathogens in adults with suspected community-acquired pneumonia. An official American Thoracic Society clinical practice guideline. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2021 May1;203(9):1070-87.Texto completo  Resumen

89. Simundic AM, Bölenius K, Cadamuro J, et al. Joint EFLM-COLABIOCLI recommendation for venous blood sampling. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2018;56(12):2015-38. Resumen

90. Fine MJ, Auble TE, Yealy DM, et al. A prediction rule to identify low-risk patients with community-acquired pneumonia. N Engl J Med. 1997 Jan 23;336(4):243-50.Texto completo  Resumen

91. Lim WS, van der Eerden MM, Laing R, et al. Defining community acquired pneumonia severity on presentation to hospital: an international derivation and validation study. Thorax. 2003 May;58(5):377-82.Texto completo  Resumen

92. Darden DB, Hawkins RB, Larson SD, et al. The clinical presentation and immunology of viral pneumonia and implications for management of coronavirus disease 2019. Crit Care Explor. 2020 Apr;2(4):e0109.Texto completo  Resumen

93. Struyf T, Deeks JJ, Dinnes J, et al. Signs and symptoms to determine if a patient presenting in primary care or hospital outpatient settings has COVID-19. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2022 May 20;(5):CD013665.Texto completo  Resumen

94. Sadiq Z, Rana S, Mahfoud Z, et al. Systematic review and meta-analysis of chest radiograph (CXR) findings in COVID-19. Clin Imaging. 2021 Dec;80:229-38.Texto completo  Resumen

95. González-Moraleja J, Sesma P, González C, et al. What is the cost of inappropriate admission of pneumonia patients? [in Spanish]. Arch Bronconeumol. 1999 Jul-Aug;35(7):312-6. Resumen

96. España PP, Capelastegui A, Gorordo I, et al. Development and validation of a clinical prediction rule for severe community-acquired pneumonia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2006 Dec 1;174(11):1249-56.Texto completo  Resumen

97. Charles PG, Wolfe R, Whitby M, et al. SMART-COP: a tool for predicting the need for intensive respiratory or vasopressor support in community-acquired pneumonia. Clin Infect Dis. 2008 Aug 1;47(3):375-84.Texto completo  Resumen

98. Restrepo MI, Mortensen EM, Rello J, et al. Late admission to the ICU in patients with community-acquired pneumonia is associated with higher mortality. Chest. 2010 Mar;137(3):552-7.Texto completo  Resumen

99. Brown SM, Jones JP, Aronsky D, et al. Relationships among initial hospital triage, disease progression and mortality in community-acquired pneumonia. Respirology. 2012 Nov;17(8):1207-13.Texto completo  Resumen

100. Phua J, Ngerng WJ, Lim TK. The impact of a delay in intensive care unit admission for community-acquired pneumonia. Eur Respir J. 2010 Oct;36(4):826-33.Texto completo  Resumen

101. Aliberti S, Ramirez J, Cosentini R, et al. Low CURB-65 is of limited value in deciding discharge of patients with community-acquired pneumonia. Respir Med. 2011 Nov;105(11):1732-8.Texto completo  Resumen

102. Sharp AL, Jones JP, Wu I, et al. CURB-65 performance among admitted and discharged emergency department patients with community-acquired pneumonia. Acad Emerg Med. 2016 Apr;23(4):400-5. Resumen

103. Niederman M. In the clinic: community-acquired pneumonia. Ann Intern Med. 2009 Oct 6;151(7):ITC4-2-ITC4. Resumen

104. Halm EA, Teirstein AS. Clinical practice: management of community-acquired pneumonia. N Engl J Med. 2002 Dec 19;347(25):2039-45. Resumen

105. Furuya EY, Lowy FD. Antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in the community setting. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2006 Jan;4(1):36-45. Resumen

106. Lynch JP 3rd, Zhanel GG. Streptococcus pneumoniae: does antimicrobial resistance matter? Semin Respir Crit Care Med. 2009 Apr;30(2):210-38. Resumen

107. Fenoll A, Granizo JJ, Aguilar L, et al. Temporal trends of invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes and antimicrobial resistance patterns in Spain from 1979 to 2007. J Clin Microbiol. 2009 Apr;47(4):1012-20.Texto completo  Resumen

108. Dagan R, Klugman KP. Impact of conjugate pneumococcal vaccines on antibiotic resistance. Lancet Infect Dis. 2008 Dec;8(12):785-95. Resumen

109. Aspa J, Rajas O, de Castro FR. Pneumococcal antimicrobial resistance: therapeutic strategy and management in community-acquired pneumonia. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2008 Feb;9(2):229-41. Resumen

110. O'Driscoll BR, Howard LS, Earis J, et al. British Thoracic Society Guideline for oxygen use in adults in healthcare and emergency settings. BMJ Open Respir Res. 2017;4(1):e000170.Texto completo  Resumen

111. Naucler P, Strålin K. Routine atypical antibiotic coverage is not necessary in hospitalised patients with non-severe community-acquired pneumonia. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2016 Aug;48(2):224-5. Resumen

112. Postma DF, van Werkhoven CH, Oosterheert JJ. Community-acquired pneumonia requiring hospitalization: rational decision making and interpretation of guidelines. Curr Opin Pulm Med. 2017 May;23(3):204-10. Resumen

113. File TM Jr, Marrie TJ. Does empiric therapy for atypical pathogens improve outcomes for patients with CAP? Infect Dis Clin North Am. 2013 Mar;27(1):99-114. Resumen

114. File TM Jr, Eckburg PB, Talbot GH, et al. Macrolide therapy for community-acquired pneumonia due to atypical pathogens: outcome assessment at an early time point. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2017 Aug;50(2):247-51. Resumen

115. Eljaaly K, Alshehri S, Aljabri A, et al. Clinical failure with and without empiric atypical bacteria coverage in hospitalized adults with community-acquired pneumonia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Infect Dis. 2017 Jun 2;17(1):385.Texto completo  Resumen

116. Rusu A, Munteanu AC, Arbănași EM, et al. Overview of side-effects of antibacterial fluoroquinolones: new drugs versus old drugs, a step forward in the safety profile? Pharmaceutics. 2023 Mar 1;15(3):804.Texto completo  Resumen

117. Garnacho-Montero J, Barrero-García I, Gómez-Prieto MG, et al. Severe community-acquired pneumonia: current management and future therapeutic alternatives. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2018 Sep;16(9):667-77. Resumen

118. Uranga A, España PP, Bilbao A, et al. Duration of antibiotic treatment in community-acquired pneumonia: a multicenter randomized clinical trial. JAMA Intern Med. 2016 Sep 1;176(9):1257-65. Resumen

119. Lee RA, Centor RM, Humphrey LL, et al. Appropriate use of short-course antibiotics in common infections: best practice advice from the American College of Physicians. Ann Intern Med. 2021 Jun;174(6):822-7.Texto completo  Resumen

120. Vaughn VM, Flanders SA, Snyder A, et al. Excess antibiotic treatment duration and adverse events in patients hospitalized with pneumonia: a multihospital cohort study. Ann Intern Med. 2019 Aug 6;171(3):153-63. Resumen

121. Lan SH, Lai CC, Chang SP, et al. Five-day antibiotic treatment for community-acquired bacterial pneumonia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Glob Antimicrob Resist. 2020 Dec;23:94-9.Texto completo  Resumen

122. Dinh A, Ropers J, Duran C, et al. Discontinuing β-lactam treatment after 3 days for patients with community-acquired pneumonia in non-critical care wards (PTC): a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, non-inferiority trial. Lancet. 2021 Mar 27;397(10280):1195-203. Resumen

123. Siemieniuk RA, Meade MO, Alonso-Coello P, et al. Corticosteroid therapy for patients hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med. 2015 Oct 6;163(7):519-28. Resumen

124. Bi J, Yang J, Wang Y, Yao C, et al. Efficacy and safety of adjunctive corticosteroids therapy for severe community-acquired pneumonia in adults: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2016 Nov 15;11(11):e0165942.Texto completo  Resumen

125. Briel M, Spoorenberg SMC, Snijders D, et al. Corticosteroids in patients hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia: systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis. Clin Infect Dis. 2018 Jan 18;66(3):346-54. Resumen

126. Stern A, Skalsky K, Avni T, et al. Corticosteroids for pneumonia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017 Dec 13;12:CD007720.Texto completo  Resumen

127. Wu WF, Fang Q, He GJ. Efficacy of corticosteroid treatment for severe community-acquired pneumonia: a meta-analysis. Am J Emerg Med. 2018 Feb;36(2):179-84. Resumen

128. Huang J, Guo J, Li H, et al. Efficacy and safety of adjunctive corticosteroids therapy for patients with severe community-acquired pneumonia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2019 Mar;98(13):e14636.Texto completo  Resumen

129. Jiang S, Liu T, Hu Y, et al. Efficacy and safety of glucocorticoids in the treatment of severe community-acquired pneumonia: a meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2019 Jun;98(26):e16239.Texto completo  Resumen

130. Aliberti S, Blasi F. Clinical stability versus clinical failure in patients with community-acquired pneumonia. Semin Respir Crit Care Med. 2012 Jun;33(3):284-91. Resumen

131. Menendez R, Torres A. Treatment failure in community-acquired pneumonia. Chest. 2007 Oct;132(4):1348-55. Resumen

132. Schuetz P, Wirz Y, Sager R, et al. Procalcitonin to initiate or discontinue antibiotics in acute respiratory tract infections. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017 Oct 12;(10):CD007498.Texto completo  Resumen

133. Schuetz P, Wirz Y, Sager R, et al. Effect of procalcitonin-guided antibiotic treatment on mortality in acute respiratory infections: a patient level meta-analysis. Lancet Infect Dis. 2018 Jan;18(1):95-107. Resumen

134. Lam SW, Bauer SR, Fowler R, et al. Systematic review and meta-analysis of procalcitonin-guidance versus usual care for antimicrobial management in critically ill patients: focus on subgroups based on antibiotic initiation, cessation, or mixed strategies. Crit Care Med. 2018 May;46(5):684-90. Resumen

135. Huang DT, Yealy DM, Filbin MR, et al. Procalcitonin-guided use of antibiotics for lower respiratory tract infection. N Engl J Med. 2018 Jul 19;379(3):236-49.Texto completo  Resumen

136. Schuetz P, Bolliger R, Merker M, et al. Procalcitonin-guided antibiotic therapy algorithms for different types of acute respiratory infections based on previous trials. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2018 Jul;16(7):555-64. Resumen

137. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Valley fever: testing algorithm for coccidioidomycosis. May 2024 [internet publication].Texto completo

138. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Testing algorithm for histoplasmosis​. May 2024 [internet publication].Texto completo

139. Lloyd M, Karahalios A, Janus E, et al. Effectiveness of a bundled intervention including adjunctive corticosteroids on outcomes of hospitalized patients with community-acquired pneumonia: a stepped-wedge randomized clinical trial. JAMA Intern Med. 2019 Aug 1;179(8):1052-60. Resumen

140. Soar J, Böttiger BW, Carli P, et al. European Resuscitation Council guidelines 2021: adult advanced life support. Resuscitation. 2021 Apr;161:115-51.Texto completo  Resumen

141. Colquhoun MC, Handley AJ, Evans TR. ABC of resuscitation. 5th ed. London: BMJ Publishing Group; 2004.

142. Chrimes N, Higgs A, Hagberg CA, et al. Preventing unrecognised oesophageal intubation: a consensus guideline from the Project for Universal Management of Airways and international airway societies. Anaesthesia. 2022 Dec;77(12):1395-415.Texto completo  Resumen

143. Kusminsky RE. Complications of central venous catheterization. J Am Coll Surg. 2007 Apr;204(4):681-96. Resumen

144. McGee DC, Gould MK. Preventing complications of central venous catheterization. N Engl J Med. 2003 Mar 20;348(12):1123-33.Texto completo  Resumen

145. Smith RN, Nolan JP. Central venous catheters. BMJ. 2013 Nov 11;347:f6570.Texto completo  Resumen

146. Reich DL. Monitoring in anesthesia and perioperative care. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2011.

147. Abbott Northwestern Hospital Internal Medicine Residency. Internal jugular central venous line. 2022 [internet publication].Texto completo

148. Bishop L, Dougherty L, Bodenham A, et al. Guidelines on the insertion and management of central venous access devices in adults. Int J Lab Hematol. 2007 Aug;29(4):261-78. Resumen

149. Practice guidelines for central venous access 2020: an updated report by the American Society of Anesthesiologists Task Force on Central Venous Access. Anesthesiology. 2020 Jan;132(1):8-43.Texto completo  Resumen

150. Fletcher SJ, Bodenham AR. Safe placement of central venous catheters: where should the tip of the catheter lie? Br J Anaesth. 2000 Aug;85(2):188-91. Resumen

151. Gibson F, Bodenham A. Misplaced central venous catheters: applied anatomy and practical management. Br J Anaesth. 2013 Mar;110(3):333-46.Texto completo  Resumen

152. Schuster M, Nave H, Piepenbrock S, et al. The carina as a landmark in central venous catheter placement. Br J Anaesth. 2000 Aug;85(2):192-4. Resumen

153. Webster J, Osborne S, Rickard CM, et al. Clinically-indicated replacement versus routine replacement of peripheral venous catheters. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019 Jan 23;(1):CD007798.Texto completo  Resumen

154. Dillon C, Guarascio AJ, Covvey JR. Lefamulin: a promising new pleuromutilin antibiotic in the pipeline. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2019 Jan;17(1):5-15. Resumen

155. Paukner S, Gelone SP, Arends SJR, et al. Antibacterial activity of lefamulin against pathogens most commonly causing community-acquired bacterial pneumonia: SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program (2015-2016). Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2019 Mar 27;63(4):e02161-18.Texto completo  Resumen

156. Veve MP, Wagner JL. Lefamulin: review of a promising novel pleuromutilin antibiotic. Pharmacotherapy. 2018 Sep;38(9):935-46. Resumen

157. File TM Jr, Goldberg L, Das A, et al. Efficacy and safety of IV-to-oral lefamulin, a pleuromutilin antibiotic, for treatment of community-acquired bacterial pneumonia: the phase 3 LEAP 1 trial. Clin Infect Dis. 2019 Nov 13;69(11):1856-67.Texto completo  Resumen

158. Alexander E, Goldberg L, Das AF, et al. Oral lefamulin vs moxifloxacin for early clinical response among adults with community-acquired bacterial pneumonia: the LEAP 2 randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2019 Nov 5;322(17):1661-71. Resumen

159. Chahine EB, Sucher AJ. Lefamulin: the first systemic pleuromutilin antibiotic. Ann Pharmacother. 2020 Dec;54(12):1203-14. Resumen

160. ClinicalTrials.gov. Study to compare delafloxacin to moxifloxacin for the treatment of adults with community-acquired bacterial pneumonia (DEFINE-CABP). Feb 2020 [internet publication].Texto completo

161. Stets R, Popescu M, Gonong JR, et al. Omadacycline for community-acquired bacterial pneumonia. N Engl J Med. 2019 Feb 7;380(6):517-27.Texto completo  Resumen

162. Nicholson SC, Welte T, File TM Jr, et al. A randomised, double-blind trial comparing ceftobiprole medocaril with ceftriaxone with or without linezolid for the treatment of patients with community-acquired pneumonia requiring hospitalisation. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2012 Mar;39(3):240-6. Resumen

163. Chang SP, Lee HZ, Lai CC, et al. The efficacy and safety of nemonoxacin compared with levofloxacin in the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia: a systemic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Infect Drug Resist. 2019 Feb 14;12:433-8.Texto completo  Resumen

164. Oldach D, Clark K, Schranz J, et al. Randomized, double-blind, multicenter phase 2 study comparing the efficacy and safety of oral solithromycin (CEM-101) to those of oral levofloxacin in the treatment of patients with community-acquired bacterial pneumonia. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2013 Jun;57(6):2526-34.Texto completo  Resumen

165. File TM Jr, Rewerska B, Vucinic-Mihailovic V, et al. SOLITAIRE-IV: a randomized, double-blind, multicenter study comparing the efficacy and safety of intravenous-to-oral solithromycin to intravenous-to-oral moxifloxacin for treatment of community-acquired bacterial pneumonia. Clin Infect Dis. 2016 Oct 15;63(8):1007-16.Texto completo  Resumen

166. Grudzinska FS, Dosanjh DP, Parekh D, et al. Statin therapy in patients with community-acquired pneumonia. Clin Med (Lond). 2017 Oct;17(5):403-7.Texto completo  Resumen

167. Wang ST, Sun XF. Role of statins in treatment and prevention of community-acquired pneumonia: a meta-analysis. Zhongguo Yi Xue Ke Xue Yuan Xue Bao. 2018 Feb 28;40(1):30-40. Resumen

168. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Pneumonia in adults: diagnosis and management. Oct 2023 [internet publication].Texto completo

169. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Pneumonia (community-acquired): antimicrobial prescribing. Sep 2019 [internet publication].Texto completo

170. Luna HI, Pankey G. The utility of blood culture in patients with community-acquired pneumonia. Ochsner J. 2001 Apr;3(2):85-93.Texto completo  Resumen

171. Torres A, Cillóniz C, Ferrer M, et al. Bacteraemia and antibiotic-resistant pathogens in community acquired pneumonia: risk and prognosis. Eur Respir J. 2015 May;45(5):1353-63. Resumen

172. Sligl WI, Marrie TJ. Severe community-acquired pneumonia. Crit Care Clin. 2013 Jul;29(3):563-601. Resumen

173. Melzer M, Welch C. 30-day mortality in UK patients with bacteraemic community-acquired pneumonia. Infection. 2013 Oct;41(5):1005-11. Resumen

174. Jasti H, Mortensen EM, Obrosky DS, et al. Causes and risk factors for rehospitalization of patients hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia. Clin Infect Dis. 2008 Feb 15;46(4):550-6.Texto completo  Resumen

175. Capelastegui A, España Yandiola PP, Quintana JM, et al. Predictors of short-term rehospitalization following discharge of patients hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia. Chest. 2009 Oct;136(4):1079-85. Resumen

176. Viasus D, Del Rio-Pertuz G, Simonetti AF, et al. Biomarkers for predicting short-term mortality in community-acquired pneumonia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Infect. 2016 Mar;72(3):273-82. Resumen

177. Jiang J, Yang J, Jin Y, et al. Role of qSOFA in predicting mortality of pneumonia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2018 Oct;97(40):e12634.Texto completo  Resumen

178. Cillóniz C, Dominedò C, Ielpo A, et al. Risk and prognostic factors in very old patients with sepsis secondary to community-acquired pneumonia. J Clin Med. 2019 Jul 2;8(7):E961.Texto completo  Resumen

179. Cilloniz C, Ferrer M, Liapikou A, et al. Acute respiratory distress syndrome in mechanically ventilated patients with community-acquired pneumonia. Eur Respir J. 2018 Mar 29;51(3):1702215.Texto completo  Resumen

180. Corrales-Medina VF, Suh KN, Rose G, et al. Cardiac complications in patients with community-acquired pneumonia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. PLoS Med. 2011 Jun;8(6):e1001048.Texto completo  Resumen

181. Becker T, Moldoveanu A, Cukierman T, et al. Clinical outcomes associated with the use of subcutaneous insulin-by-glucose sliding scales to manage hyperglycemia in hospitalized patients with pneumonia. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2007 Dec;78(3):392-7. Resumen

182. Ramirez J, Aliberti S, Mirsaeidi M, et al. Acute myocardial infarction in hospitalized patients with community-acquired pneumonia. Clin Infect Dis. 2008 Jul 15;47(2):182-7.Texto completo  Resumen

183. Corrales-Medina VF, Serpa J, Rueda AM, et al. Acute bacterial pneumonia is associated with the occurrence of acute coronary syndromes. Medicine (Baltimore). 2009 May;88(3):154-9. Resumen

184. Light RW, Girard WM, Jenkinson SG, et al. Parapneumonic effusions. Am J Med. 1980 Oct;69(4):507-12. Resumen

185. Taryle DA, Potts DE, Sahn SA. The incidence and clinical correlates of parapneumonic effusions in pneumococcal pneumonia. Chest. 1978 Aug;74(2):170-3. Resumen

186. Menéndez R, Torres A, Zalacaín R, et al. Risk factors of treatment failure in community acquired pneumonia: implications for disease outcome. Thorax. 2004 Nov;59(11):960-5.Texto completo  Resumen

187. Tsai YF, Ku YH. Necrotizing pneumonia: a rare complication of pneumonia requiring special consideration. Curr Opin Pulm Med. 2012 May;18(3):246-52. Resumen

188. US Preventive Services Task Force, Krist AH, Davidson KW, et al. Interventions for tobacco smoking cessation in adults, including pregnant persons: US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. JAMA. 2021 Jan 19;325(3):265-79.Texto completo  Resumen

189. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). A practical guide to help your patients quit using tobacco. [internet publication].Texto completo

190. Fiore MC, Jaén CR, Baker TB, et al. Treating tobacco use and dependence: 2008 update. Clinical practice guideline. Rockville, MD: US Department of Health and Human Services Public Health Service; May 2008 [internet publication].Texto completo

191. United States Public Health Service Office of the Surgeon General, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (US) Office on Smoking and Health. Smoking cessation: a report of the Surgeon General. Washington, DC: US Department of Health and Human Services; 2020 [internet publication].Texto completo  Resumen

192. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) - You can help your patients quit tobacco. May 2019 [internet publication].Texto completo

193. Perret J, Yip SWS, Idrose NS, et al. Undiagnosed and 'overdiagnosed' COPD using postbronchodilator spirometry in primary healthcare settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open Respir Res. 2023 Apr;10(1):e001478.Texto completo  Resumen

194. Ezekowitz JA, O'Meara E, McDonald MA, et al. 2017 Comprehensive update of the Canadian Cardiovascular Society Guidelines for the management of heart failure. Can J Cardiol. 2017 Nov;33(11):1342-433.Texto completo  Resumen

195. Burgos J, Luján M, Larrosa MN, et al. Risk factors for respiratory failure in pneumococcal pneumonia: the importance of pneumococcal serotypes. Eur Respir J. 2014 Feb;43(2):545-53.Texto completo  Resumen

196. Blonde L, Umpierrez GE, Reddy SS, et al. American Association of Clinical Endocrinology clinical practice guideline: developing a diabetes mellitus comprehensive care plan - 2022 update. Endocr Pract. 2022 Oct;28(10):923-1049.Texto completo  Resumen

197. Su G, Iwagami M, Qin X, et al. Kidney disease and mortality in patients with respiratory tract infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Kidney J. 2021 Feb;14(2):602-11.Texto completo  Resumen

198. Yu Y, Liu W, Jiang HL, et al. Pneumonia is associated with increased mortality in hospitalized COPD patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Respiration. 2021;100(1):64-76. Resumen

199. Fang YY, Ni JC, Wang Y, et al. Risk factors for hospital readmissions in pneumonia patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. World J Clin Cases. 2022 Apr 26;10(12):3787-800.Texto completo  Resumen

200. Manabe T, Fujikura Y, Mizukami K, et al. Pneumonia-associated death in patients with dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2019;14(3):e0213825.Texto completo  Resumen

201. Rao A, Suliman A, Vuik S, et al. Outcomes of dementia: Systematic review and meta-analysis of hospital administrative database studies. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2016 Sep-Oct;66:198-204. Resumen

202. Foley NC, Affoo RH, Martin RE. A systematic review and meta-analysis examining pneumonia-associated mortality in dementia. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord. 2015;39(1-2):52-67.Texto completo  Resumen

203. Kundi H, Wadhera RK, Strom JB, et al. Association of frailty with 30-Day outcomes for acute myocardial infarction, heart failure, and pneumonia among elderly adults. JAMA Cardiol. 2019 Nov 1;4(11):1084-91.Texto completo  Resumen

204. Fine MJ, Auble TE, Yealy DM, et al. A prediction rule to identify low-risk patients with community-acquired pneumonia. N Engl J Med. 1997 Jan 23;336(4):243-50.Texto completo  Resumen

205. Rockwood K, Song X, MacKnight C, et al. A global clinical measure of fitness and frailty in elderly people. CMAJ. 2005 Aug 30;173(5):489-95.Texto completo  Resumen

206. Church S, Rogers E, Rockwood K, et al. A scoping review of the Clinical Frailty Scale. BMC Geriatr. 2020 Oct 7;20(1):393.Texto completo  Resumen

207. Rockwood K, Theou O. Using the clinical frailty ccale in allocating scarce health care resources. Can Geriatr J. 2020 Sep;23(3):210-5.Texto completo  Resumen

208. Miller RK, Young M, Chippendale R, et al. Using the Geriatric 5Ms to teach structural and social determinants of health. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2023 Dec;71(12):3967-72. Resumen

209. Molnar F, Frank CC. Optimizing geriatric care with the GERIATRIC 5Ms. Can Fam Physician. 2019 Jan;65(1):39.Texto completo  Resumen

210. Tinetti M, Huang A, Molnar F. The Geriatrics 5M's: a new way of communicating what we do. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2017 Sep;65(9):2115.Texto completo  Resumen

211. Jamshed N, Gangavati A. Prioritizing the 5Ms in geriatric care: a holistic approach to care of the older adult. Am Fam Physician. 2024 Jun;109(6):498-500.Texto completo  Resumen

212. Watson KE, Dhaliwal K, Robertshaw S, et al. Consensus recommendations for sick day medication guidance for people with diabetes, kidney, or cardiovascular disease: a modified Delphi process. Am J Kidney Dis. 2023 May;81(5):564-74.Texto completo  Resumen

213. Umpierrez GE, Davis GM, ElSayed NA, et al. Hyperglycaemic crises in adults with diabetes: a consensus report. Diabetologia. 2024 Aug;67(8):1455-79.Texto completo  Resumen

214. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Managing sick days. May 2024 [internet publication].Texto completo

215. American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee. 6. Glycemic Goals and Hypoglycemia: Standards of Care in Diabetes-2025. Diabetes Care. 2025 Jan 1;48(supplement_1):S128-S145.Texto completo  Resumen

216. American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee. 9. Pharmacologic Approaches to Glycemic Treatment: Standards of Care in Diabetes-2025. Diabetes Care. 2025 Jan 1;48(supplement_1):S181-S206.Texto completo  Resumen

217. Davies MJ, Aroda VR, Collins BS, et al. Management of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes, 2022: a consensus report by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD). Diabetes Care. 2022 Nov 1;45(11):2753-86.Texto completo  Resumen

218. Peters AL, Buschur EO, Buse JB, et al. Euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis: a potential complication of treatment with sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition. Diabetes Care. 2015 Sep;38(9):1687-93.Texto completo  Resumen

219. US Food and Drug Administration. FDA revises labels of SGLT2 inhibitors for diabetes to include warnings about too much acid in the blood and serious urinary tract infections. March 2022 [internet publication].Texto completo

220. American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee. 13. Older Adults: Standards of Care in Diabetes-2025. Diabetes Care. 2025 Jan 1;48(supplement_1):S266-S282.Texto completo  Resumen

221. DeFronzo R, Fleming GA, Chen K, et al. Metformin-associated lactic acidosis: current perspectives on causes and risk. Metabolism. 2016 Feb;65(2):20-9.Texto completo  Resumen

222. Cesari M, Calvani R, Marzetti E. Frailty in older persons. Clin Geriatr Med. 2017 Aug;33(3):293-303. Resumen

223. Rockwood K, British Geriatrics Society. Silver book II: frailty. February 2021 [internet publication].Texto completo

224. Falk Erhag H, Guðnadóttir G, Alfredsson J, et al. The association between the clinical frailty scale and adverse health outcomes in older adults in acute cinical settings - a systematic review of the literature. Clin Interv Aging. 2023 Feb 18:18:249-61.Texto completo  Resumen

225. Quinn TJ, Mooijaart SP, Gallacher K, et al. Acute care assessment of older adults living with frailty. BMJ. 2019 Jan 31;364:l13. Resumen

226. Anderson WG, Berlinger N, Ragland J et al. Hospital-based prognosis and goals of care discussions with seriously ill patients: a pathway to integrate a key primary palliative care process into the workflow of hospitalist physicians and their teams. Society of Hospital Medicine and The Hastings Center, 2017 [internet publication].Texto completo

227. Secunda K, Wirpsa MJ, Neely KJ, et al. Use and meaning of "goals of care" in the healthcare literature: a systematic review and qualitative discourse analysis. J Gen Intern Med. 2020 May;35(5):1559-66.Texto completo  Resumen

228. American College of Surgeons. Best practice guidelines: geriatric trauma management. 2023 [internet publication].Texto completo

229. Boyd C, Smith CD, Masoudi FA, et al. Decision making for older adults with multiple chronic conditions: executive summary for the American Geriatrics Society guiding principles on the care of older adults with multimorbidity. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2019 Apr;67(4):665-73. Resumen

230. Appelbaum PS. Clinical practice. Assessment of patients' competence to consent to treatment. N Engl J Med. 2007 Nov 1;357(18):1834-40. Resumen

231. Sulmasy LS, Bledsoe TA, ACP Ethics, Professionalism and Human Rights Committee. American College of Physicians ethics manual: seventh edition. Ann Intern Med. 2019 Jan 15;170(2_suppl):S1-32.Texto completo  Resumen

232. Barstow C, Shahan B, Roberts M. Evaluating medical decision-making capacity in practice. Am Fam Physician. 2018 Jul 1;98(1):40-6.Texto completo  Resumen

233. Farrell TW, Widera E, Rosenberg L, et al. AGS position statement: making medical treatment decisions for unbefriended older adults. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2017 Jan;65(1):14-5.Texto completo  Resumen

234. Pope TM, Bennett J, Carson SS, et al. Making medical treatment decisions for unrepresented patients in the ICU. An official American Thoracic Society/American Geriatrics Society policy statement. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2020 May 15;201(10):1182-92.Texto completo  Resumen

235. Al-Halawani R, Charlton PH, Qassem M, et al. A review of the effect of skin pigmentation on pulse oximeter accuracy. Physiol Meas. 2023 Jun 1;44(5):05TR01.Texto completo  Resumen

236. Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease. Global strategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. 2025 [internet publication].Texto completo

237. O'Driscoll BR, Howard LS, Earis J, et al. BTS guideline for oxygen use in adults in healthcare and emergency settings. Thorax. 2017 Jun;72(suppl 1):ii1-90.Texto completo  Resumen

238. Saberian L, Sharif M, Aarabi M, et al. Arterial versus venous blood gas analysis comparisons, appropriateness, and alternatives in different acid/base clinical settings: a systematic review. Cureus. 2023 Jul;15(7):e41707.Texto completo  Resumen

239. Csoma B, Vulpi MR, Dragonieri S, et al. Hypercapnia in COPD: causes, consequences, and therapy. J Clin Med. 2022 Jun 2;11(11):3180.Texto completo  Resumen

240. Chu DK, Kim LH, Young PJ, et al. Mortality and morbidity in acutely ill adults treated with liberal versus conservative oxygen therapy (IOTA): a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet. 2018 Apr 28;391(10131):1693-705. Resumen

241. Siemieniuk RAC, Chu DK, Kim LH, et al. Oxygen therapy for acutely ill medical patients: a clinical practice guideline. BMJ. 2018 Oct 24;363:k4169.Texto completo  Resumen

242. Veenstra P, Veeger NJGM, Koppers RJH, et al. High-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy for admitted COPD-patients. A retrospective cohort study. PLoS One. 2022 Oct 5;17(10):e0272372.Texto completo  Resumen

243. Du Y, Zhang H, Ma Z, et al. High-flow nasal oxygen versus noninvasive ventilation in acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Can Respir J. 2023 Jun 30:2023:7707010.Texto completo  Resumen

244. Xu Z, Zhu L, Zhan J, et al. The efficacy and safety of high-flow nasal cannula therapy in patients with COPD and type II respiratory failure: a meta-analysis and systematic review. Eur J Med Res. 2021 Oct 14;26(1):122.Texto completo  Resumen

245. Global Initiative for Asthma. Global strategy for asthma management and prevention. 2025 [internet publication].Texto completo

246. Panchal AR, Bartos JA, Cabañas JG, et al. Part 3: Adult basic and advanced life support: 2020 American Heart Association guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care. Circulation. 2020 Oct 20;142(16 suppl 2):S366-468.Texto completo  Resumen

247. Rodrigo GJ, Rodrigo C, Hall JB. Acute asthma in adults: a review. Chest. 2004 Mar;125(3):1081-102. Resumen

248. Vasileiadis I, Alevrakis E, Ampelioti S, et al. Acid-base disturbances in patients with asthma: a literature review and comments on their pathophysiology. J Clin Med. 2019 Apr 25;8(4):563.Texto completo  Resumen

249. Elhassan MG, Chao PW, Curiel A. The conundrum of volume status assessment: revisiting current and future tools available for physicians at the bedside. Cureus. 2021 May 26;13(5):e15253.Texto completo  Resumen

250. Rezayat T, Barjaktarevic I, Mecham I, et al. Early protocolized bedside ultrasound in shock: renal function improvements and other lessons learned. Int J Crit Care Emerg Med. 2018 Oct 6;4(2):046.Texto completo

251. Seif D, Perera P, Mailhot T, et al. Bedside ultrasound in resuscitation and the rapid ultrasound in shock protocol. Crit Care Res Pract. 2012;2012:503254.Texto completo  Resumen

252. American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine. The AIUM practice parameter for the performance of the Extended Focused Assessment With Sonography for Trauma (EFAST). J Ultrasound Med. 2023 Apr;42(4):E1-7.Texto completo  Resumen

253. American College of Emergency Physicians. Emergency ultrasound imaging criteria compendium. American College of Emergency Physicians. Ann Emerg Med. 2006 Oct;48(4):487-510.Texto completo  Resumen

254. Verbrugge FH, Grieten L, Mullens W. Management of the cardiorenal syndrome in decompensated heart failure. Cardiorenal Med. 2014 Dec;4(3-4):176-88.Texto completo  Resumen

255. Hollenberg SM, Warner Stevenson L, Ahmad T, et al. 2019 ACC expert consensus decision pathway on risk assessment, management, and clinical trajectory of patients hospitalized with heart failure: a report of the American College of Cardiology Solution Set Oversight Committee. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2019 Oct 15;74(15):1966-2011.Texto completo  Resumen

256. Kanwar MK, Billia F, Randhawa V, et al. Heart failure related cardiogenic shock: an ISHLT consensus conference content summary. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2024 Feb;43(2):189-203.Texto completo  Resumen

257. Shenvi C, Kennedy M, Austin CA, et al. Managing delirium and agitation in the older emergency department patient: the ADEPT tool. Ann Emerg Med. 2020 Feb;75(2):136-45.Texto completo  Resumen

258. Nasreddine ZS, Phillips NA, Bédirian V, et al. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment, MoCA: a brief screening tool for mild cognitive impairment. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2005 Apr;53(4):695-9. Resumen

259. Canadian Geriatrics Society. Update: Public launch of the geriatric 5Ms. 2017 [internet publication].Texto completo

260. Devlin JW, Skrobik Y, Gélinas C, et al. Clinical practice guidelines for the prevention and management of pain, agitation/sedation, delirium, immobility, and sleep disruption in adult patients in the ICU. Crit Care Med. 2018 Sep;46(9):e825-73.Texto completo  Resumen

261. Inouye SK, Schlesinger MJ, Lydon TJ. Delirium: a symptom of how hospital care is failing older persons and a window to improve quality of hospital care. Am J Med. 1999 May;106(5):565-73.Texto completo  Resumen

262. Han JH, Wilson A, Vasilevskis EE, et al. Diagnosing delirium in older emergency department patients: validity and reliability of the delirium triage screen and the brief confusion assessment method. Ann Emerg Med. 2013 Nov;62(5):457-65. Resumen

263. American College of Emergency Physicians, American Geriatrics Society, Emergency Nurses Association, et al. Geriatric emergency department guidelines. Ann Emerg Med. 2014 May;63(5):e7-25.Texto completo  Resumen

264. Inouye SK, van Dyck CH, Alessi CA, et al. Clarifying confusion: the confusion assessment method. A new method for detection of delirium. Ann Intern Med. 1990 Dec 15;113(12):941-8. Resumen

265. Wei LA, Fearing MA, Sternberg EJ, et al. The Confusion Assessment Method: a systematic review of current usage. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2008 May;56(5):823-30. Resumen

266. Ely EW, Margolin R, Francis J, et al. Evaluation of delirium in critically ill patients: validation of the Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit (CAM-ICU). Crit Care Med. 2001 Jul;29(7):1370-9. Resumen

267. Bergeron N, Dubois MJ, Dumont M, et al. Intensive Care Delirium Screening Checklist: evaluation of a new screening tool. Intensive Care Med. 2001 May;27(5):859-64. Resumen

268. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Delirium: prevention, diagnosis and management in hospital and long-term care. January 2023 [internet publication].Texto completo

269. Inouye SK, Bogardus ST Jr, Baker DI, et al. The Hospital Elder Life Program: a model of care to prevent cognitive and functional decline in older hospitalized patients. Hospital Elder Life Program. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2000 Dec;48(12):1697-706. Resumen

270. Hshieh TT, Yang T, Gartaganis SL, et al. Hospital Elder Life Program: systematic review and meta-analysis of effectiveness. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2018 Oct;26(10):1015-33. Resumen

271. Hshieh TT, Yue J, Oh E, et al. Effectiveness of multicomponent nonpharmacological delirium interventions: a meta-analysis. JAMA Intern Med. 2015 Apr;175(4):512-20.Texto completo  Resumen

272. Mohanty S, Rosenthal RA, Russell MM, et al. Optimal perioperative management of the geriatric patient: a best practices guideline from the American College of Surgeons NSQIP and the American Geriatrics Society. J Am Coll Surg. 2016 May;222(5):930-47. Resumen

273. American Geriatrics Society Expert Panel on Postoperative Delirium in Older Adults. American Geriatrics Society abstracted clinical practice guideline for postoperative delirium in older adults. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2015 Jan;63(1):142-50. Resumen

274. White S, Griffiths R, Baxter M, et al. Guidelines for the peri-operative care of people with dementia: guidelines from the Association of Anaesthetists. Anaesthesia. 2019 Mar;74(3):357-72.Texto completo  Resumen

275. Inouye SK, Kosar CM, Tommet D, et al. The CAM-S: development and validation of a new scoring system for delirium severity in 2 cohorts. Ann Intern Med. 2014 Apr 15;160(8):526-33.Texto completo  Resumen

276. Burton JK, Craig L, Yong SQ, et al. Non-pharmacological interventions for preventing delirium in hospitalised non-ICU patients. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021 Nov 26;(11):CD013307.Texto completo  Resumen

277. Peden CJ, Miller TR, Deiner SG, et al. Improving perioperative brain health: an expert consensus review of key actions for the perioperative care team. Br J Anaesth. 2021 Feb;126(2):423-432.Texto completo  Resumen

278. The 2023 American Geriatrics Society Beers Criteria® Update Expert Panel. American Geriatrics Society 2023 updated AGS Beers Criteria® for potentially inappropriate medication use in older adults. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2023 Jul;71(7):2052-81.Texto completo  Resumen

279. Nikooie R, Neufeld KJ, Oh ES, et al. Antipsychotics for treating delirium in hospitalized adults: a systematic review. Ann Intern Med. 2019 Oct 1;171(7):485-95.Texto completo  Resumen

280. Mühlbauer V, Möhler R, Dichter MN, et al. Antipsychotics for agitation and psychosis in people with Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021 Dec 17;(12):CD013304.Texto completo  Resumen

281. Yunusa I, Alsumali A, Garba AE, et al. Assessment of reported comparative effectiveness and safety of atypical antipsychotics in the treatment of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia: a network meta-analysis. JAMA Netw Open. 2019 Mar 1;2(3):e190828.Texto completo  Resumen

282. Van Leeuwen E, Petrovic M, van Driel ML, et al. Withdrawal versus continuation of long-term antipsychotic drug use for behavioural and psychological symptoms in older people with dementia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018 Apr 1;(3):CD007726.Texto completo  Resumen

283. Shen WK, Sheldon RS, Benditt DG, et al. 2017 ACC/AHA/HRS guideline for the evaluation and management of patients with syncope: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines and the Heart Rhythm Society. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2017 Aug 1;70(5):e39-110.Texto completo  Resumen

284. Freeman R, Wieling W, Axelrod FB, et al. Consensus statement on the definition of orthostatic hypotension, neurally mediated syncope and the postural tachycardia syndrome. Clin Auton Res. 2011 Apr;21(2):69-72. Resumen

285. Griffin M, Rao VS, Ivey-Miranda J, et al. Empagliflozin in heart failure: diuretic and cardiorenal effects. Circulation. 2020 Sep 15;142(11):1028-39.Texto completo  Resumen

286. American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee. 16. Diabetes care in the hospital: standards of care in diabetes-2025. Diabetes Care. 2025 Jan 1;48(supplement_1):S321-34.Texto completo  Resumen

287. Honarmand K, Sirimaturos M, Hirshberg EL, et al. Society of Critical Care Medicine guidelines on glycemic control for critically ill children and adults 2024. Crit Care Med. 2024 Apr 1;52(4):e161-81.Texto completo  Resumen

288. Joint British Diabetes Societies for Inpatient Care. The use of variable rate intravenous insulin infusion (VRIII) in medical inpatients. October 2014 [internet publication].Texto completo

289. Lim Y, Ohn JH, Jeong J, et al. Effect of the concomitant use of subcutaneous basal insulin and intravenous insulin infusion in the treatment of severe hyperglycemic patients. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul). 2022 Jun;37(3):444-54.Texto completo  Resumen

290. Thammakosol K, Sriphrapradang C. Effectiveness and safety of early insulin glargine administration in combination with continuous intravenous insulin infusion in the management of diabetic ketoacidosis: a randomized controlled trial. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2023 Mar;25(3):815-22. Resumen

291. Korytkowski MT, Muniyappa R, Antinori-Lent K, et al. Management of hyperglycemia in hospitalized adult patients in non-critical care settings: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2022 Jul 14;107(8):2101-28.Texto completo  Resumen

292. Grunberger G, Sherr J, Allende M, et al. American Association of Clinical Endocrinology clinical practice guideline: the use of advanced technology in the management of persons with diabetes mellitus. Endocr Pract. 2021 Jun;27(6):505-37.Texto completo  Resumen

293. Galindo RJ, Umpierrez GE, Rushakoff RJ, et al. Continuous glucose monitors and automated insulin dosing systems in the hospital consensus guideline. J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2020 Nov;14(6):1035-64.Texto completo  Resumen

294. American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee. 7. Diabetes Technology: Standards of Care in Diabetes-2025. Diabetes Care. 2025 Jan 1;48(supplement_1):S146-S166.Texto completo  Resumen

295. Pasquel FJ, Lansang MC, Dhatariya K, et al. Management of diabetes and hyperglycaemia in the hospital. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2021 Mar;9(3):174-88.Texto completo  Resumen

296. Galindo RJ, Dhatariya K, Gomez-Peralta F, et al. Safety and efficacy of inpatient diabetes management with non-insulin agents: an overview of international practices. Curr Diab Rep. 2022 Jun;22(6):237-46.Texto completo  Resumen

297. Khunti K, Aroda VR, Bhatt DL, et al. Re-examining the widespread policy of stopping sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors during acute illness: a perspective based on the updated evidence. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2022 Nov;24(11):2071-80. Resumen

298. Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Acute Kidney Injury Work Group. KDIGO clinical practice guideline for acute kidney injury. Kidney Int Suppl. 2012 Mar;2(1):1-138.Texto completo

299. Grau AJ, Urbanek C, Palm F. Common infections and the risk of stroke. Nat Rev Neurol. 2010 Dec;6(12):681-94. Resumen

300. Elkind MSV, Boehme AK, Smith CJ, et al. Infection as a Stroke risk factor and determinant of outcome after stroke. Stroke. 2020 Oct;51(10):3156-68.Texto completo  Resumen

301. Eigenbrodt ML, Rose KM, Couper DJ, et al. Orthostatic hypotension as a risk factor for stroke: the atherosclerosis risk in communities (ARIC) study, 1987-1996. Stroke. 2000 Oct;31(10):2307-13.Texto completo  Resumen

302. Winstein CJ, Stein J, Arena R, et al. Guidelines for adult stroke rehabilitation and recovery: a guideline for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2016 Jun;47(6):e98-169.Texto completo  Resumen

303. Kroenke K, Spitzer RL, Williams JB. The PHQ-9: validity of a brief depression severity measure. J Gen Intern Med. 2001 Sep;16(9):606-13.Texto completo  Resumen

304. Silverman JJ, Galanter M, Jackson-Triche M, et al. The American Psychiatric Association practice guidelines for the psychiatric evaluation of adults. Am J Psychiatry. 2015 Aug 1;172(8):798-802.Texto completo  Resumen

305. Boden JM, Fergusson DM. Alcohol and depression. Addiction. 2011 May;106(5):906-14. Resumen

306. van den Berghe G, Wouters P, Weekers F, et al. Intensive insulin therapy in critically ill patients. N Engl J Med. 2001 Nov 8;345(19):1359-67.Texto completo  Resumen

307. NICE-SUGAR Study Investigators; Finfer S, Chittock DR, Su SY, et al. Intensive versus conventional glucose control in critically ill patients. N Engl J Med. 2009 Mar 26;360(13):1283-97.Texto completo  Resumen

308. Yamada T, Shojima N, Noma H, et al. Glycemic control, mortality, and hypoglycemia in critically ill patients: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Intensive Care Med. 2017 Jan;43(1):1-15. Resumen

309. Yatabe T, Inoue S, Sakaguchi M, et al. The optimal target for acute glycemic control in critically ill patients: a network meta-analysis. Intensive Care Med. 2017 Jan;43(1):16-28. Resumen

310. Rehman A, Setter SM, Vue MH. Drug-induced glucose alterations part 2: drug-Induced hyperglycemia. Diabetes Spect. 2011 Nov;24(4):234-8.Texto completo

311. Vue MH, Setter SM. Drug-Induced Glucose Alterations Part 1: Drug-Induced Hypoglycemia. Diabetes Spectr 1 August 2011; 24 (3): 171–7.Texto completo  Resumen

312. Wang C, Fang W, Li Z, et al. Clinical features, risk factors, diagnosis, and treatment of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole-induced hypoglycemia. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2023;14:1059522.Texto completo  Resumen

313. McCall AL, Lieb DC, Gianchandani R, et al. Management of individuals with diabetes at high risk for hypoglycemia: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2023 Feb 15;108(3):529-62.Texto completo  Resumen

314. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Diabetic foot problems: prevention and management. October 2019 [internet publication].Texto completo

315. American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee. 12. Retinopathy, neuropathy, and foot care: standards of care in diabetes-2025. Diabetes Care. 2025 Jan 1;48(1 suppl 1):S252-65.Texto completo  Resumen

316. Rayman G, Vas PR, Baker N, et al. The Ipswich Touch Test: a simple and novel method to identify inpatients with diabetes at risk of foot ulceration. Diabetes Care. 2011 Jul;34(7):1517-8.Texto completo  Resumen

317. Salpeter SR, Ormiston TM, Salpeter EE. Cardiovascular effects of beta-agonists in patients with asthma and COPD: a meta-analysis. Chest. 2004 Jun;125(6):2309-21. Resumen

318. Au DH, Curtis JR, Every NR, et al. Association between inhaled beta-agonists and the risk of unstable angina and myocardial infarction. Chest. 2002 Mar;121(3):846-51. Resumen

319. Bauer M, Severus E, Köhler S, et al. World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for biological treatment of unipolar depressive disorders. part 2: maintenance treatment of major depressive disorder-update 2015. World J Biol Psychiatry. 2015 Feb;16(2):76-95. Resumen

320. Hoffelt C, Gross T. A review of significant pharmacokinetic drug interactions with antidepressants and their management. Ment Health Clin. 2016 2016 Mar 8;6(1):35-41.Texto completo  Resumen

321. Van Leeuwen E, van Driel ML, Horowitz MA, et al. Approaches for discontinuation versus continuation of long-term antidepressant use for depressive and anxiety disorders in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021 Apr 15;(4):CD013495.Texto completo  Resumen

322. Qaseem A, Owens DK, Etxeandia-Ikobaltzeta I, et al. Nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic treatments of adults in the acute phase of major depressive disorder: a living clinical guideline from the American College of Physicians. Ann Intern Med. 2023 Feb;176(2):239-52.Texto completo  Resumen

323. Liamis G, Milionis H, Elisaf M. A review of drug-induced hyponatremia. Am J Kidney Dis. 2008 Jul;52(1):144-53. Resumen

324. Liamis G, Filippatos TD, Elisaf MS. Thiazide-associated hyponatremia in the elderly: what the clinician needs to know. J Geriatr Cardiol. 2016 Feb;13(2):175-82.Texto completo  Resumen

325. Boyer EW, Shannon M. The serotonin syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2005 Mar 17;352(11):1112-20. Resumen

326. Buckley NA, Dawson AH, Isbister GK. Serotonin syndrome. BMJ. 2014 Feb 19;348:g1626. Resumen

327. Volpi-Abadie J, Kaye AM, Kaye AD. Serotonin syndrome. Ochsner J. 2013 Winter;13(4):533-40.Texto completo  Resumen

328. Chander WP, Singh N, Mukhiya GK. Serotonin syndrome in maintenance haemodialysis patients following sertraline treatment for depression. J Indian Med Assoc. 2011 Jan;109(1):36-7. Resumen

329. Voican CS, Corruble E, Naveau S, et al. Antidepressant-induced liver injury: a review for clinicians. Am J Psychiatry. 2014 Apr;171(4):404-15.Texto completo  Resumen

330. Saraghi M, Golden LR, Hersh EV. Anesthetic considerations for patients on antidepressant therapy-part I. Anesth Prog. 2017 Winter;64(4):253-61.Texto completo  Resumen

331. Harbell MW, Dumitrascu C, Bettini L, et al. Anesthetic considerations for patients on psychotropic drug therapies. Neurol Int. 2021 Nov 29;13(4):640-58.Texto completo  Resumen

332. Tisdale JE, Chung MK, Campbell KB, et al. Drug-induced arrhythmias: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2020 Oct 13;142(15):e214-233.Texto completo  Resumen

333. Siu AL, US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), Bibbins-Domingo K, et al. Screening for depression in adults: US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. JAMA. 2016 Jan 26;315(4):380-7.Texto completo  Resumen

334. Halperin D, Reber G. Influence of antidepressants on hemostasis. Dialogues Clin Neurosci. 2007;9(1):47-59.Texto completo  Resumen

335. Nochaiwong S, Ruengorn C, Awiphan R, et al. Use of serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressants and the risk of bleeding complications in patients on anticoagulant or antiplatelet agents: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Med. 2022 Dec;54(1):80-97.Texto completo  Resumen

336. Loke YK, Trivedi AN, Singh S. Meta-analysis: gastrointestinal bleeding due to interaction between selective serotonin uptake inhibitors and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2008 Jan 1;27(1):31-40.Texto completo  Resumen

337. Flowers L. Nicotine replacement therapy. Am J Psychiatry Resid J. 2016 Jun;11(6):4-7.Texto completo

338. Desai HD, Seabolt J, Jann MW. Smoking in patients receiving psychotropic medications: a pharmacokinetic perspective. CNS Drugs. 2001;15(6):469-94. Resumen

339. Oliveira P, Ribeiro J, Donato H, et al. Smoking and antidepressants pharmacokinetics: a systematic review. Ann Gen Psychiatry. 2017 Mar 6:16:17.Texto completo  Resumen

340. DiMatteo MR, Lepper HS, Croghan TW. Depression is a risk factor for noncompliance with medical treatment: meta-analysis of the effects of anxiety and depression on patient adherence. Arch Intern Med. 2000 Jul 24;160(14):2101-7.Texto completo  Resumen

341. Lapa ME, Swabe GM, Rollman BL, et al. Assessment of depression and adherence to guideline-directed medical therapies following percutaneous coronary intervention. JAMA Netw Open. 2022 Dec 1;5(12):e2246317.Texto completo  Resumen

342. Poletti V, Pagnini F, Banfi P, et al. The role of depression on treatment adherence in patients with heart failure-a systematic review of the literature. Curr Cardiol Rep. 2022 Dec;24(12):1995-2008.Texto completo  Resumen

343. Prina AM, Cosco TD, Dening T, et al. The association between depressive symptoms in the community, non-psychiatric hospital admission and hospital outcomes: a systematic review. J Psychosom Res. 2015 Jan;78(1):25-33.Texto completo  Resumen

344. Clarke DM, Currie KC. Depression, anxiety and their relationship with chronic diseases: a review of the epidemiology, risk and treatment evidence. Med J Aust. 2009 Apr 6;190(s7):S54-60.Texto completo  Resumen

345. Archer G, Kuh D, Hotopf M, et al. Association between lifetime affective symptoms and premature mortality. JAMA Psychiatry. 2020 Aug 1;77(8):806-13.Texto completo  Resumen

346. Machado MO, Veronese N, Sanches M, et al. The association of depression and all-cause and cause-specific mortality: an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses. BMC Med. 2018 Jul 20;16(1):112.Texto completo  Resumen

347. Streck JM, Rigotti NA, Livingstone-Banks J, et al. Interventions for smoking cessation in hospitalised patients. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2024 May 21;(5):CD001837.Texto completo  Resumen

348. Theodoulou A, Chepkin SC, Ye W, et al. Different doses, durations and modes of delivery of nicotine replacement therapy for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2023 Jun 19;(6):CD013308.Texto completo  Resumen

349. Rigotti NA, Kruse GR, Livingstone-Banks J, et al. Treatment of tobacco smoking: a review. JAMA. 2022 Feb 8;327(6):566-77. Resumen

350. Agrawal S, Evison M, Ananth S, et al. Medical management of inpatients with tobacco dependency. Thorax. 2024 Mar 26;79(suppl 1):3-11. Resumen

351. Thomas KH, Dalili MN, López-López JA, et al. Comparative clinical effectiveness and safety of tobacco cessation pharmacotherapies and electronic cigarettes: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Addiction. 2022 Apr;117(4):861-76.Texto completo  Resumen

352. Livingstone-Banks J, Fanshawe TR, Thomas KH, et al. Nicotine receptor partial agonists for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2023 Jun 28;(6):CD006103.Texto completo

353. Joint British Diabetes Societies for Inpatient Care. Management of hyperglycaemia and steroid (glucocorticosteroid) therapy. January 2023 [internet publication].Texto completo

354. Koning ACAM, van der Meulen M, Schaap D, et al. Neuropsychiatric adverse effects of synthetic glucocorticoids: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2024 May 17;109(6):e1442-51.Texto completo  Resumen

355. Judd LL, Schettler PJ, Brown ES, et al. Adverse consequences of glucocorticoid medication: psychological, cognitive, and behavioral effects. Am J Psychiatry. 2014 Oct;171(10):1045-51.Texto completo  Resumen

356. Kenna HA, Poon AW, de los Angeles CP, et al. Psychiatric complications of treatment with corticosteroids: review with case report. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2011 Oct;65(6):549-60.Texto completo  Resumen

357. Fardet L, Nazareth I, Whitaker HJ, et al. Severe neuropsychiatric outcomes following discontinuation of long-term glucocorticoid therapy: a cohort study. J Clin Psychiatry. 2013 Apr;74(4):e281-6. Resumen

358. Warrington TP, Bostwick JM. Psychiatric adverse effects of corticosteroids. Mayo Clin Proc. 2006 Oct;81(10):1361-7.Texto completo  Resumen