建议感染埃博拉病毒但已经康复的母亲避免母乳喂养。美国疾病预防控制中心已经确定没有充分的证据证明何时可以安全地继续母乳喂养。[53]Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Care of a neonate born to a mother who is confirmed to have Ebola, is a person under investigation, or has been exposed to Ebola. May 2018 [internet publication].
https://www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola/clinicians/evd/neonatal-care.html
虽然尚未在马尔堡病毒病患者中对其进行研究,但该推荐意见可能同样适用。
在康复期后几个月,已经从男性埃博拉病毒性疾病幸存者的精液中检出埃博拉病毒。[67]Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Ebola (Ebola virus disease): transmission. Jan 2021 [internet publication].
https://www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola/transmission/index.html
据报道,马尔堡病毒在患者恢复后 7 周内仍可通过精液传播,尽管病毒可能存在更长时间。[2]World Health Organization. Marburg virus disease. Aug 2021 [internet publication].
https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/marburg-virus-disease
尽管缺乏有关马尔堡病毒病的相关证据,但应建议男性患者避免性生活或进行更安全的性行为,持续 12 个月,或直至其精液两次检测出马尔堡病毒呈阴性。[2]World Health Organization. Marburg virus disease. Aug 2021 [internet publication].
https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/marburg-virus-disease
马尔堡病毒病出现长期后遗症的可能性高,这已经在埃博拉和马尔堡病毒病暴发期间的幸存者中被证实。应监测幸存者有无心理困扰、头痛、肌肉骨骼疼痛、听力损失、视觉/眼部和脑膜炎症状。[9]Mehedi M, Groseth A, Feldmann H, et al. Clinical aspects of Marburg hemorrhagic fever. Future Virol. 2011 Sep;6(9):1091-1106.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3201746
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22046196?tool=bestpractice.com
[61]Scott JT, Sesay FR, Massaquoi TA, et al. Post-Ebola syndrome, Sierra Leone. Emerg Infect Dis. 2016 Apr;22(4):641-6.
http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/22/4/15-1302_article
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26983037?tool=bestpractice.com
[62]Mattia JG, Vandy MJ, Chang JC, et al. Early clinical sequelae of Ebola virus disease in Sierra Leone: a cross-sectional study. Lancet Infect Dis. 2016 Mar;16(3):331-8.
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1473309915004892
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26725449?tool=bestpractice.com
[68]Fowler R, Mishra S, Chan AK. The crucial importance of long-term follow-up for Ebola virus survivors. Lancet Infect Dis. 2016 Sep;16(9):987-9.
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1473309916301220
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27197549?tool=bestpractice.com