Summary
Definition
History and exam
Key diagnostic factors
- disnea
- tos
- sibilancias
- cambios en el volumen/color/densidad del esputo
- taquipnea
- cianosis
Other diagnostic factors
- antecedentes médicos de EPOC
- Dependencia del tabaco
- antecedentes médicos de reflujo gastroesofágico y/o disfunción en la deglución
- malestar general y fatiga
- opresión en el pecho
- características del cor pulmonale
- exposición ambiental u laboral a contaminantes o polvo
- cambio del estado mental
- fiebre
- uso de músculos accesorios
- movimientos paradójicos del abdomen
Risk factors
- infección viral
- infección bacteriana
- reflujo gastroesofágico o disfunción en la deglución
- tabaquismo
- contaminantes del aire
- infección bacteriana atípica
- cambio climático
Diagnostic tests
1st tests to order
- saturación de oxígeno en la oximetría de pulso
- radiografía de tórax
- electrocardiograma (ECG)
- GSA
- hemograma completo (HC) con diferencial
- recuento de eosinófilos
- proteína C-reactiva
- perfil metabólico básico para electrolitos, urea, + creatinina
Tests to consider
- cultivo + tinción de Gram del esputo
- diagnóstico de virus respiratorio
- troponina cardíaca
- péptido natriurético tipo B (BNP)
- exploración de tórax por TC
Treatment algorithm
Contributors
Authors
Carolyn L. Rochester, MD
Professor of Medicine
Yale School of Medicine
New Haven
VA Connecticut Healthcare System
West Haven
CT
Disclosures
CLR serves on the COPD scientific advisory board for GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals but has no competing interests pertaining to this publication.
Richard A. Martinello, MD
Associate Professor
Yale School of Medicine
New Haven
CT
Disclosures
RAM declares that he has no competing interests.
Peer reviewers
Antonio Anzueto, MD
Professor of Medicine
University of Texas Health
Section Chief
South Texas Veterans Health Care System
San Antonio
TX
Disclosures
AA has been a consultant for GlaxoSmithKline, AstraZeneca, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Theravance, and Grifols. AA has been reimbursed for his services by these companies. AA is a member of the GOLD scientific committee.
References
Key articles
Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease. Global strategy for prevention, diagnosis and management of COPD (2024 report). 2024 [internet publication].Full text
Stevermer JJ, Fisher L, Lin KW, et al. Pharmacologic Management of COPD Exacerbations: A Clinical Practice Guideline from the AAFP. Am Fam Physician. 2021 Jul 1;104(1):Online.Full text Abstract
Spruit MA, Singh SJ, Garvey C, et al. An official American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society statement: key concepts and advances in pulmonary rehabilitation. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2013 Oct 15;188(8):e13-64. Abstract
Reference articles
A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available here.
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