Resumo
Definição
História e exame físico
Principais fatores diagnósticos
- presencia de factores de riesgo
- tos con aumento de la producción de esputo
- fiebre o escalofríos moderados
- disnea
- dolor pleurítico
- hallazgos en la auscultación anormales
Fatores de risco
- edad >65 años
- residencia en un contexto de asistencia sanitaria
- Enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC)
- exposición al humo de cigarrillo
- abuso de alcohol
- higiene bucal deficiente
- uso de fármacos reductores de ácido, corticosteroides inhalados, antipsicóticos, fármacos antidiabéticos
- contacto con niños
- Infección por VIH
- diabetes mellitus
- nefropatía crónica
- hepatopatía crónica.
- uso de opiáceos
Investigações diagnósticas
Primeiras investigações a serem solicitadas
- radiografía de tórax
- hemograma completo (HC)
- electrolitos séricos, urea
- pruebas de función hepática
- glucemia
- gasometría arterial/oximetría
- hemocultivo
- cultivo de esputo
Investigações a serem consideradas
- ecografía pulmonar a pie de cama
- tomografía computarizada (CT) de tórax
- prueba de antígenos en orina para Legionella y neumococo
- proteína C-reactiva sérica
- procalcitonina sérica
- toracocentesis y cultivo del líquido pleural
- broncoscopia
- pruebas para virus respiratorios
- técnicas microbiológicas moleculares
Algoritmo de tratamento
Colaboradores
Autores
Catia Cilloniz, MD, PhD, FERS
Applied Research in Respiratory Diseases
Hospital Clinic of Barcelona
CIBERES
IDIBAPS
Associate Professor
University of Barcelona
Barcelona
Spain
Declarações
CC is an author of a number of references cited in this topic.
Antoni Torres, MD, PhD
Professor of Medicine
Director
Pulmonary Intensive Care Unit
Respiratory Institute
Hospital Clinic of Barcelona
Barcelona
Spain
Declarações
AT is an author of a number of references cited in this topic.
Agradecimentos
Dr Catia Cilloniz and Professor Antoni Torres would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr M. Nawal Lutfiyya, Dr Linda Chang, and Dr Robert Bales, previous contributors to this topic.
Declarações
MNL is an author of a reference cited in this topic. LC and RB declare that they have no competing interests.
Revisores
Barbara Jones, MD, MSc
Assistant Professor
Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine
University of Utah
Salt Lake City
UT
Declarações
BJ declares that she has no competing interests.
Denise Nassisi, MD
Associate Professor
Departments of Emergency Medicine and Medicine
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
New York
NY
Declarações
DN declares that she has no competing interests.
Grant Waterer, MBBS, PhD, MBA, FRACP, FCCP
Professor of Medicine
Royal Perth Hospital
Perth
Australia
Declarações
GW declares that he has no competing interests.
Jeremy Brown, MBBS, FRCP, PhD
Professor of Respiratory Infection/Honorary Consultant
University College London
London
UK
Declarações
JB was a member of the NICE pneumonia guidelines committee.
Nathan Dean, MD
Professor (clinical) of Medicine
Section Chief Pulmonary Critical Care Medicine
University of Utah
Intermountain Medical Center
Murray
UT
Declarações
ND declares that he has no competing interests.
Referências
Principais artigos
Metlay JP, Waterer GW, Long AC, et al. Diagnosis and treatment of adults with community-acquired pneumonia. An official clinical practice guideline of the American Thoracic Society and Infectious Diseases Society of America. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2019 Oct 1;200(7):e45-67.Texto completo Resumo
Artigos de referência
Uma lista completa das fontes referenciadas neste tópico está disponível aqui.
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