შეჯამება
განსაზღვრება
ანამნეზი და გასინჯვა
ძირითადი დიაგნოსტიკური ფაქტორები
- cough
- shortness of breath
- sputum production
- exposure to risk factors
სხვა დიაგნოსტიკური ფაქტორები
- barrel chest
- hyperresonance on percussion
- distant breath sounds on auscultation
- poor air movement on auscultation
- wheezing on auscultation
- coarse crackles
- tachypnea
- asterixis
- distended neck veins
- lower-extremity swelling
- fatigue
- weight loss
- muscle loss
- headache
- pursed lip breathing
- cyanosis
- loud P2
- hepatojugular reflux
- hepatosplenomegaly
- clubbing
რისკფაქტორები
- cigarette smoking
- advanced age
- genetic factors
- lung growth and development
- white ancestry
- exposure to air pollution
- exposure to burning solid or biomass fuel
- occupational exposure to dusts, chemicals, pesticides, vapors, fumes, or gases
- male sex
- low socioeconomic status
- rheumatoid arthritis
დიაგნოსტიკური კვლევები
1-ად შესაკვეთი გამოკვლევები
- spirometry
- standardized symptoms score
- pulse oximetry
- ABG
- Chest x-ray
- CBC
გასათვალისწინებელი კვლევები
- pulmonary function tests
- chest CT scan
- serial peak flow measurement
- sputum culture
- alpha-1 antitrypsin level
- exercise testing
- sleep study
- respiratory muscle function
- ECG
- echocardiogram
- blood eosinophil count
მკურნალობის ალგორითმი
კონტრიბუტორები
ავტორები
Manoochehr Abadian Sharifabad, MD
Fountain Valley Regional Medical Center
Fountain Valley
CA
გაფრთხილება:
MAS declares that he has no competing interests.
მადლიერება
Dr Manoochehr Abadian Sharifabad would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Jonathan P. Parsons and Dr Michael Ezzie, the previous contributors to this topic.
გაფრთხილება:
JPP has contributed at speakers' bureaus for GlaxoSmithKline, Inc., Schering-Plough, Inc., and AstraZeneca, Inc. ME declares that he has no competing interests.
რეცენზენტები
Hormoz Ashtyani, MD, FCCP
Hackensack University Medical Center
Hackensack
NJ
გაფრთხილება:
HA declares that he has no competing interests.
Alejandro Comellas, MD
Clinical Professor of Internal Medicine-Pulmonary, Critical Care and Occupational Medicine
University of Iowa
Iowa City
IA
გაფრთხილება:
AC has received payments as a consultant for GSK and AstraZeneca. He also serves as a nonpaid consultant for VIDA.
William Janssen, MD
Assistant Professor of Medicine
National Jewish Medical and Research Center
University of Colorado Health Sciences Center
Denver
CO
გაფრთხილება:
WJ declares that he has no competing interests.
Francis Thien, MD, FRACP, FCCP
Associate Professor
Director of Respiratory Medicine
Eastern Health & Monash University
Victoria
Australia
გაფრთხილება:
FT declares that he has no competing interests.
Peer reviewer acknowledgements
BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.
Disclosures
Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.
წყაროები
ძირითადი სტატიები
Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD). Global strategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: 2025 report. 2025 [internet publication].სრული ტექსტი
National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in over 16s: diagnosis and management. Jul 2019 [internet publication].სრული ტექსტი
Nici L, Mammen MJ, Charbek E, et al. Pharmacologic management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. An official American Thoracic Society clinical practice guideline. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2020 May 1;201(9):e56-69.სრული ტექსტი აბსტრაქტი
Jacobs SS, Krishnan JA, Lederer DJ, et al. Home oxygen therapy for adults with chronic lung disease. An official American Thoracic Society clinical practice guideline. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2020 Nov 15;202(10):e121-41. [Erratum in: Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2021 Apr 15;203(8):1045-6.]სრული ტექსტი აბსტრაქტი
გამოყენებული სტატიები
ამ თემაში მოხსენიებული წყაროების სრული სია ხელმისაწვდომია აქ.
ამ მასალის გამოყენება ექვემდებარება ჩვენს განცხადებას