Diagnósticos diferenciais

Rubella

SINAIS / SINTOMAS
Investigações
SINAIS / SINTOMAS

Typically a mild illness with patient and rash improving in about 3 days.

Investigações

Rubella-specific IgM antibody or other specific test for rubella.

Scarlet fever

SINAIS / SINTOMAS
Investigações
SINAIS / SINTOMAS

Pharyngitis, anterior cervical adenopathy, and fever precede characteristic scarlatiniform rash (diffuse, finely papular, 'sandpaper-like', erythematous rash that blanches with pressure). Rash begins on the trunk and may spread; it is accentuated in flexural creases (i.e., under the arm, in the groin, in the elbows) often with petechiae, producing red streaks known as Pastia's lines. Cheeks flushed 'scarlet' with circumoral pallor. Skin desquamation may occur 3-4 days after appearance of the scarlatiniform rash. Tongue may be inflamed with a white coating and prominent papillae ('strawberry tongue').

Investigações

Group A streptococcal rapid antigen test; polymerase chain reaction test, or throat/skin swab culture. Diagnosis is often clinical.

Parvovirus B19

SINAIS / SINTOMAS
Investigações
SINAIS / SINTOMAS

Typically a mild illness, associated classically with rash initially presenting with "slapped cheek" appearance, followed by lacy, reticular lesions; may have associated arthritis and/or anemia. Fever has usually subsided before rash develops. Occurs much more commonly in the US than measles.

Investigações

Parvovirus specific antibody detection.

Roseola

SINAIS / SINTOMAS
Investigações
SINAIS / SINTOMAS

Rash appears after fever breaks.

Investigações

Specific test for human herpes virus 6 or human herpes virus 7.

Dengue

SINAIS / SINTOMAS
Investigações
SINAIS / SINTOMAS

Febrile illness in which headache and body aches are prominent. Rash may be petechial. Appropriate exposure including exposure to mosquitoes that may carry dengue.

Investigações

Specific test for dengue antibody or antigen.

EBV infection (mononucleosis)

SINAIS / SINTOMAS
Investigações
SINAIS / SINTOMAS

Febrile illness that may involve sore throat, pharyngeal exudates, and hepatosplenomegaly.

Investigações

Specific test for EBV antibody. Monospot for children over age 4 years.

Zika virus infection

SINAIS / SINTOMAS
Investigações
SINAIS / SINTOMAS

Mild febrile illness with itchy rash, headache, joint pain, and conjunctivitis. Appropriate exposure including exposure to mosquitoes that may carry Zika virus.

Investigações

Specific test for Zika antibody.

Drug eruptions

SINAIS / SINTOMAS
Investigações
SINAIS / SINTOMAS

History of recent medication or drug ingestion.

Investigações

No differentiating tests.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)

SINAIS / SINTOMAS
Investigações
SINAIS / SINTOMAS

Residence in/travel to a country/area or territory with local transmission, or close contact with a confirmed or probable case of COVID-19, in the 14 days prior to symptom onset.

The situation is evolving rapidly; see our COVID-19 topic for further information.

Investigações

Real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR): positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA.

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