Erythema infectiosum

Erythema infectiosum classically presents in childhood with a "slapped cheek" appearance followed by a reticular, erythematous eruption that is predominantly found on the extremities and may be preceded by mild systemic symptoms. Adults, more than children, may report arthritis and arthralgias.

Most patients do not require specific treatment beyond symptomatic therapy and reassurance.

Infection in pregnant women may result in fetal anemia, hydrops fetalis, or intrauterine death.

Persistent infection, lasting longer than approximately 3 weeks and accompanied by chronic anemia, may occur in people who have immunosuppression (e.g., patients with HIV, people receiving chemotherapy or immunosuppression following transplant, or patients with congenital immunodeficiencies).

People with a high red blood cell turnover/destruction (e.g., those with hereditary spherocytosis, sickle cell disease, thalassemia, iron deficiency anemia) may develop transient aplastic crisis.

Also known as fifth disease, erythema infectiosum is a childhood illness caused by infection with parvovirus B19. A "slapped cheek" appearance with a lacy eruption on the torso and extremities is the most common presentation. Parvovirus B19 infection can also be associated with arthropathy and a purpuric cutaneous eruption. Select populations may be at risk for chronic anemia or transient aplastic crises. Fetal complications include hydrops fetalis and intrauterine fetal demise.