Referencias
Artículos principales
World Health Organization. Clinical management and infection prevention and control for mpox: living guideline, May 2025. Jun 2025 [internet publication].Texto completo
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Clinical overview of monkeypox. Apr 2025 [internet publication].Texto completo
World Health Organization. Surveillance, case investigation and contact tracing for mpox: interim guidance, 27 November 2024. Dec 2024 [internet publication].Texto completo
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Clinical treatment of monkeypox. Aug 2025 [internet publication].Texto completo
World Health Organization. Diagnostic testing for the monkeypox virus (MPXV): interim guidance. May 2024 [internet publication].Texto completo
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Clinical considerations for pain management. Sep 2024 [internet publication].Texto completo
Artículos de referencia
1. World Health Organization. Clinical management and infection prevention and control for mpox: living guideline, May 2025. Jun 2025 [internet publication].Texto completo
2. Health and Safety Executive, Advisory Committee on Dangerous Pathogens. The approved list of biological agents. July 2021 [internet publication].Texto completo
3. World Health Organization. WHO recommends new name for monkeypox disease. Nov 2022 [internet publication].Texto completo
4. Bunge EM, Hoet B, Chen L, et al. The changing epidemiology of human monkeypox – a potential threat? A systematic review. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2022 Feb;16(2):e0010141.Texto completo Resumen
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10. Besombes C, Mbrenga F, Malaka C, et al. Investigation of a mpox outbreak in Central African Republic, 2021-2022. One Health. 2023 Jun;16:100523.Texto completo Resumen
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12. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Monkeypox in the United States and around the world: current situation. Sep 2025 [internet publication].Texto completo
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21. Ogoina D, Dalhat MM, Denue BA, et al. Clinical characteristics and predictors of human mpox outcome during the 2022 outbreak in Nigeria: a cohort study. Lancet Infect Dis. 2023 Aug 22:S1473-3099(23)00427-9.Texto completo Resumen
22. Blackburn D, Roth NM, Gold JAW, et al. Epidemiologic and clinical features of mpox in transgender and gender-diverse adults: United States, May - November 2022. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2022 Dec 30;71(5152):1605-9.Texto completo Resumen
23. Wick JM, Pelliccione A, Lee-Rodriguez C, et al. An atypical presentation of mpox transmitted between transgender men through oral sex. Sex Transm Dis. 2023 Oct 1;50(10):685-6.Texto completo Resumen
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27. World Health Organization. Disease outbreak news: mpox - African region. Aug 2024 [internet publication].Texto completo
28. Brosius I, Vakaniaki EH, Mukari G, et al. Epidemiological and clinical features of mpox during the clade Ib outbreak in South Kivu, Democratic Republic of the Congo: a prospective cohort study. Lancet. 2025 Feb 15;405(10478):547-59. Resumen
29. Vakaniaki EH, Kacita C, Kinganda-Lusamaki E, et al. Sustained human outbreak of a new MPXV clade I lineage in eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo. Nat Med. 2024 Oct;30(10):2791-5.Texto completo Resumen
30. Nzoyikorera N, Nduwimana C, Schuele L, et al. Monkeypox clade Ib virus introduction into Burundi: first findings, July to mid-August 2024. Euro Surveill. 2024 Oct;29(42):2400666.Texto completo Resumen
31. Li P, Li J, Ayada I, et al. Clinical features, antiviral treatment and patient outcomes: a systematic review and comparative analysis of the previous and the 2022 mpox outbreaks. J Infect Dis. 2023 Aug 16;228(4):391-401.Texto completo Resumen
32. Hoxha A, Kerr SM, Laurenson-Schafer H, et al. Mpox in children and adolescents during multicountry outbreak, 2022-2023. Emerg Infect Dis. 2023 Oct;29(10):2125-9.Texto completo Resumen
33. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Clinical considerations for monkeypox in children and adolescents in the U.S. Aug 2025 [internet publication].Texto completo
34. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Clinical considerations for monkeypox in immunocompromised people. Aug 2025 [internet publication].Texto completo
35. O'Shea J, Filardo TD, Morris SB, et al. Interim guidance for prevention and treatment of monkeypox in persons with HIV infection: United States, August 2022. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2022 Aug 12;71(32):1023-8.Texto completo Resumen
36. Thornhill JP, Palich R, Ghosn J, et al. Human monkeypox virus infection in women and non-binary individuals during the 2022 outbreaks: a global case series. Lancet. 2022 Dec 3;400(10367):1953-65.Texto completo Resumen
37. UK Health Security Agency. Monkeypox case in England. December 2018 [internet publication].Texto completo
38. UK Health Security Agency. Monkeypox case confirmed in England. Dec 2019 [internet publication].Texto completo
39. World Health Organization. Disease outbreak news: monkeypox - United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Jul 2021 [internet publication].Texto completo
40. World Health Organization. Disease outbreak news: monkeypox - United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. May 2022 [internet publication].Texto completo
41. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Imported monkeypox case reported in Maryland. Nov 2021 [internet publication].Texto completo
42. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. CDC and Texas confirm monkeypox in U.S. traveler. Jul 2021 [internet publication].Texto completo
43. Rao AK, Schulte J, Chen TH, et al. Monkeypox in a traveler returning from Nigeria – Dallas, Texas, July 2021. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2022 Apr 8;71(14):509-16.Texto completo Resumen
44. World Health Organization. Disease outbreak news: monkeypox - Singapore. May 2019 [internet publication].Texto completo
45. Erez N, Achdout H, Milrot E, et al. Diagnosis of imported monkeypox, Israel, 2018. Emerg Infect Dis. 2019 May;25(5):980-3.Texto completo Resumen
46. Huhn GD, Bauer AM, Yorita K, et al. Clinical characteristics of human monkeypox, and risk factors for severe disease. Clin Infect Dis. 2005 Dec 15;41(12):1742-51.Texto completo Resumen
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48. Happi C, Adetifa I, Mbala P, et al. Urgent need for a non-discriminatory and non-stigmatizing nomenclature for monkeypox virus. PLoS Biol. 2022 Aug 23;20(8):e3001769.Texto completo Resumen
49. World Health Organization. Risk evaluation of clade Ia monkeypox virus: review of evidence. Jan 2025 [internet publication].Texto completo
50. World Health Organization. Risk evaluation of clade Ib monkeypox virus: review of evidence. Jan 2025 [internet publication].Texto completo
51. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Clinical overview of monkeypox. Apr 2025 [internet publication].Texto completo
52. Luna N, Ramírez AL, Muñoz M, et al. Phylogenomic analysis of the monkeypox virus (MPXV) 2022 outbreak: emergence of a novel viral lineage? Travel Med Infect Dis. 2022 Jul 13;49:102402. Resumen
53. UK Health Security Agency. Monkeypox outbreak: technical briefings. Dec 2024 [internet publication].Texto completo
54. Woolley SD, Lester R, Devine K, et al. Clade IIb A.3 monkeypox virus: an imported lineage during a large global outbreak. Lancet Infect Dis. 2023 Apr;23(4):405.Texto completo Resumen
55. Sukhdeo S, Mishra S, Walmsley S. Human monkeypox: a comparison of the characteristics of the new epidemic to the endemic disease. BMC Infect Dis. 2022 Dec 12;22(1):928.Texto completo Resumen
56. Hatami H, Jamshidi P, Arbabi M, et al. Demographic, epidemiologic, and clinical characteristics of human Monkeypox disease pre- and post-2022 Outbreaks: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Biomedicines. 2023 Mar 20;11(3):957.Texto completo Resumen
57. Haddad N. The presumed receptivity and susceptibility to monkeypox of European animal species. Infect Dis Now. 2022 Aug;52(5):294-8.Texto completo Resumen
58. Pinto P, Costa MA, Gonçalves MFM, et al. Mpox person-to-person transmission-where have we got so far? a systematic review. Viruses. 2023 Apr 28;15(5):1074.Texto completo Resumen
59. Vakaniaki EH, Kuispond NS, Hirata Y, et al. Three cases of vertical transmission of clade Ib mpox virus. N Engl J Med. 2025 Jun 19;392(23):2385-7.Texto completo
60. UK Health Security Agency. Mpox routes of transmission. Jan 2025 [internet publication].Texto completo
61. Kibungu EM, Vakaniaki EH, Kinganda-Lusamaki E, et al. Clade I-associated mpox cases associated with sexual contact, the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Emerg Infect Dis. 2024 Jan;30(1):172-6.Texto completo Resumen
62. Vanhamel J, Laisnez V, Liesenborghs L, et al. Understanding sexual transmission dynamics and transmission contexts of monkeypox virus: a mixed-methods study of the early outbreak in Belgium (May-June 2022). Sex Transm Infect. 2023 Aug;99(5):330-6.Texto completo Resumen
63. Karan A, Styczynski AR, Huang C, et al. Human monkeypox without viral prodrome or sexual exposure, California, USA, 2022. Emerg Infect Dis. 2022 Aug 16;28(10):2121-3.Texto completo Resumen
64. Hernandez LE, Jadoo A, Kirsner RS. Human monkeypox virus infection in an immunocompromised man: trial with tecovirimat. Lancet. 2022 Sep 10;400(10355):e8.Texto completo Resumen
65. Saunders KE, Van Horn AN, Medlin HK, et al. Monkeypox in a young infant: Florida, 2022. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2022 Sep 23;71(38):1220-1.Texto completo Resumen
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67. Reda A, Abdelaal A, Brakat AM, et al. Monkeypox viral detection in semen specimens of confirmed cases: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Med Virol. 2022 Oct 22:e28250.Texto completo Resumen
68. Palich R, Burrel S, Monsel G, et al. Viral loads in clinical samples of men with monkeypox virus infection: a French case series. Lancet Infect Dis. 2023 Jan;23(1):74-80.Texto completo Resumen
69. Lim CK, McKenzie C, Deerain J, et al. Correlation between monkeypox viral load and infectious virus in clinical specimens. J Clin Virol. 2023 Apr;161:105421.Texto completo Resumen
70. Rani I, Goyal A, Shamim MA, et al. Prevalence of mpox viral DNA in cutaneous specimens of monkeypox-infected patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2023;13:1179885.Texto completo Resumen
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72. Sah R, Abdelaal A, Reda A, et al. Monkeypox and its possible sexual transmission: where are we now with its evidence? Pathogens. 2022 Aug 17;11(8):924.Texto completo Resumen
73. Barboza JJ, León-Figueroa DA, Saldaña-Cumpa HM, et al. Virus identification for monkeypox in human seminal fluid samples: a systematic review. Trop Med Infect Dis. 2023 Mar 14;8(3):173.Texto completo Resumen
74. Peiró-Mestres A, Fuertes I, Camprubí-Ferrer D, et al. Frequent detection of monkeypox virus DNA in saliva, semen, and other clinical samples from 12 patients, Barcelona, Spain, May to June 2022. Euro Surveill. 2022 Jul;27(28):2200503.Texto completo Resumen
75. Suñer C, Ubals M, Tarín-Vicente EJ, et al. Viral dynamics in patients with monkeypox infection: a prospective cohort study in Spain. Lancet Infect Dis. 2023 Apr;23(4):445-53.Texto completo Resumen
76. European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Monkeypox multi-country outbreak: second update. Oct 2022 [internet publication].Texto completo
77. World Health Organization. Surveillance, case investigation and contact tracing for mpox: interim guidance, 27 November 2024. Dec 2024 [internet publication].Texto completo
78. Beeson A, Styczynski A, Hutson CL, et al. Mpox respiratory transmission: the state of the evidence. Lancet Microbe. 2023 Apr;4(4):e277-83.Texto completo Resumen
79. Leong FY, Ge Z, Loo LH, et al. Aerosol transmission risk of mpox relative to COVID-19 and smallpox. Lancet Microbe. 2025 Feb 6:101082.Texto completo Resumen
80. Siedner MJ, Trinidad J, Berto CG, et al. Mpox in young woman with no epidemiologic risk factors, Massachusetts, USA. Emerg Infect Dis. 2023 Jan 25;29(4).Texto completo Resumen
81. Nörz D, Pfefferle S, Brehm TT, et al. Evidence of surface contamination in hospital rooms occupied by patients infected with monkeypox, Germany, June 2022. Euro Surveill. 2022 Jun;27(26).Texto completo Resumen
82. Atkinson B, Burton C, Pottage T, et al. Infection-competent monkeypox virus contamination identified in domestic settings following an imported case of monkeypox into the UK. Environ Microbiol. 2022 Oct;24(10):4561-9.Texto completo Resumen
83. Morgan CN, Whitehill F, Doty JB, et al. Environmental persistence of monkeypox virus on surfaces in household of person with travel-associated infection, Dallas, Texas, USA, 2021. Emerg Infect Dis. 2022 Aug 11;28(10):1982-9.Texto completo Resumen
84. Muller MP, Mishra S, McGeer A, et al. Environmental testing of surfaces in the room of a patient with mpox. Clin Infect Dis. 2023 Jan 6;76(1):179-81. Resumen
85. Pfeiffer JA, Collingwood A, Rider LE, et al. High-contact object and surface contamination in a household of persons with monkeypox virus infection: Utah, June 2022. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2022 Aug 26;71(34):1092-4.Texto completo Resumen
86. Atkinson B, Gould S, Spencer A, et al. Monkeypox virus contamination in an office-based workplace environment. J Hosp Infect. 2022 Dec;130:141-3.Texto completo Resumen
87. Gould S, Atkinson B, Onianwa O, et al. Air and surface sampling for monkeypox virus in a UK hospital: an observational study. Lancet Microbe. 2022 Dec;3(12):e904-11.Texto completo Resumen
88. Atkinson B, Gould S, Nicholls I, et al. Air and surface sampling for clade Ib monkeypox virus in United Kingdom hospitals, 2024 to 2025. Euro Surveill. 2025 May;30(19):2500288.Texto completo Resumen
89. Banete A, Hurst JR, Yim W, et al. Stability of monkeypox virus on commonly contacted surfaces in clinical settings. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2025 May;12(5):ofaf225.Texto completo Resumen
90. Ramnarayan P, Mitting R, Whittaker E, et al. Neonatal monkeypox virus infection. N Engl J Med. 2022 Oct 27;387(17):1618-20.Texto completo Resumen
91. Van de Perre P, Molès JP, Rollins N. Is monkeypox virus transmissible by breastfeeding? Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2022 Oct;33(10):e13861.Texto completo Resumen
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101. Ferré VM, Bachelard A, Zaidi M, et al. Detection of monkeypox virus in anorectal swabs from asymptomatic men who have sex with men in a sexually transmitted infection screening program in Paris, France. Ann Intern Med. 2022 Oct;175(10):1491-2.Texto completo Resumen
102. Moschese D, Pozza G, Mileto D, et al. Isolation of viable monkeypox virus from anal and urethral swabs, Italy, May to July 2022. Euro Surveill. 2022 Sep;27(36).Texto completo Resumen
103. Cassir N, Cardona F, Tissot-Dupont H, et al. Observational cohort study of evolving epidemiologic, clinical, and virologic features of monkeypox in Southern France. Emerg Infect Dis. 2022 Oct 14;28(12).Texto completo Resumen
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106. Pitt-Kendall R, Foster C, Rayment M, et al. Retrospective testing for mpox virus in routine STI screens from men who have sex with men in England, August-October 2022. Sex Transm Infect. 2023 Aug 3:sextrans-2023-055841. Resumen
107. Hampel B, Farnham A, Lamothe-Molina PJ, et al. Low prevalence of asymptomatic mpox in populations at high risk. Lancet Microbe. 2023 Nov;4(11):e856.Texto completo
108. Grabmeier-Pfistershammer K, Skorepa C, Breuer M, et al. No evidence of asymptomatic monkeypox infection in a highly sexually active MSM population in Austria. HIV Med. 2023 Aug 31.Texto completo Resumen
109. UK Health Security Agency. Mpox incubation and infectious periods. Jan 2025 [internet publication].Texto completo
110. Thornhill JP, Barkati S, Walmsley S, et al. Monkeypox virus infection in humans across 16 countries: April–June 2022. N Engl J Med. 2022 Aug 25;387(8):679-91.Texto completo Resumen
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112. Kwok KO, Wei WI, Tang A, et al. Estimation of local transmissibility in the early phase of monkeypox epidemic in 2022. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2022 Dec;28(12):1653.e1-3.Texto completo Resumen
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115. Thomas ES, Madewell ZJ, Still WL, et al. Notes from the field: transmission of mpox to nonsexual close contacts - two U.S. jurisdictions, May 1-July 31, 2022. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2023 Dec 15;72(50):1351-2.Texto completo Resumen
116. Delea KC, Chen TH, Lavilla K, et al. Contact tracing for mpox clade II cases associated with air travel - United States, July 2021-August 2022. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2024 Sep 5;73(35):758-62.Texto completo Resumen
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118. Lum FM, Torres-Ruesta A, Tay MZ, et al. Monkeypox: disease epidemiology, host immunity and clinical interventions. Nat Rev Immunol. 2022 Oct;22(10):597-613.Texto completo Resumen
119. Al-Musa A, Chou J, LaBere B. The resurgence of a neglected orthopoxvirus: Immunologic and clinical aspects of monkeypox virus infections over the past six decades. Clin Immunol. 2022 Oct;243:109108.Texto completo Resumen
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121. Marshall KE, Barton M, Nichols J, et al. Health care personnel exposures to subsequently laboratory-confirmed monkeypox patients: Colorado, 2022. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2022 Sep 23;71(38):1216-9.Texto completo Resumen
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123. Szkiela M, Wiszniewska M, Lipińska-Ojrzanowska A. Monkeypox (Mpox) and occupational exposure. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023 Mar 14;20(6):5087.Texto completo Resumen
124. Barger A, Duncan J, Traore D, et al. Lack of mpox transmission in a long-term care facility despite widespread exposure: Kentucky, 2023. Am J Infect Control. 2025 Jul;53(7):797-8.Texto completo Resumen
125. Ladhani SN, Aiano F, Edwards DS, et al. Very low risk of monkeypox among staff and students after exposure to a confirmed case in educational settings, England, May to July 2022. Euro Surveill. 2022 Oct;27(40).Texto completo Resumen
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129. Del Río García V, Palacios JG, Morcillo AM, et al. Monkeypox outbreak in a piercing and tattoo establishment in Spain. Lancet Infect Dis. 2022 Sep 29;22(11):1526-8.Texto completo Resumen
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132. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Monkeypox in animals and pets. Sep 2024 [internet publication].Texto completo
133. Huang YA, Howard-Jones AR, Durrani S, et al. Monkeypox: a clinical update for paediatricians. J Paediatr Child Health. 2022 Sep;58(9):1532-8.Texto completo Resumen
134. Wendorf KA, Ng R, Stainken C, et al. Household transmission of mpox to children and adolescents, California, 2022. J Infect Dis. 2023 Oct 13:jiad448.Texto completo Resumen
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