References

Key articles

World Health Organization. Clinical management and infection prevention and control for monkeypox: interim rapid response guidance, 10 June 2022. June 2022 [internet publication].Full text

Reference articles

1. World Health Organization. Clinical management and infection prevention and control for monkeypox: interim rapid response guidance, 10 June 2022. June 2022 [internet publication].Full text

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3. World Health Organization. WHO recommends new name for monkeypox disease. November 2022 [internet publication].Full text

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17. Blackburn D, Roth NM, Gold JAW, et al. Epidemiologic and clinical features of mpox in transgender and gender-diverse adults: United States, May - November 2022. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2022 Dec 30;71(5152):1605-9.Full text  Abstract

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19. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Clinical considerations for treatment and prophylaxis of mpox in people who are immunocompromised. January 2023 [internet publication].Full text

20. O'Shea J, Filardo TD, Morris SB, et al. Interim guidance for prevention and treatment of monkeypox in persons with HIV infection: United States, August 2022. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2022 Aug 12;71(32):1023-8.Full text  Abstract

21. Thornhill JP, Palich R, Ghosn J, et al. Human monkeypox virus infection in women and non-binary individuals during the 2022 outbreaks: a global case series. Lancet. 2022 Dec 3;400(10367):1953-65.Full text  Abstract

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23. UK Health Security Agency. Monkeypox case confirmed in England. December 2019 [internet publication].Full text

24. World Health Organization. Monkeypox: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. July 2021 [internet publication].Full text

25. World Health Organization. Monkeypox: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. June 2022 [internet publication].Full text

26. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Imported monkeypox case reported in Maryland. November 2021 [internet publication].Full text

27. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. CDC and Texas confirm monkeypox in U.S. traveler. July 2021 [internet publication].Full text

28. Rao AK, Schulte J, Chen TH, et al. Monkeypox in a traveler returning from Nigeria – Dallas, Texas, July 2021. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2022 Apr 8;71(14):509-16.Full text  Abstract

29. World Health Organization. Disease outbreak news. Monkeypox - Singapore. May 2019 [internet publication].Full text

30. Erez N, Achdout H, Milrot E, et al. Diagnosis of imported monkeypox, Israel, 2018. Emerg Infect Dis. 2019 May;25(5):980-3.Full text  Abstract

31. Huhn GD, Bauer AM, Yorita K, et al. Clinical characteristics of human monkeypox, and risk factors for severe disease. Clin Infect Dis. 2005 Dec 15;41(12):1742-51.Full text  Abstract

32. World Health Organization. Monkeypox: experts give virus variants new names. August 2022 [internet publication].Full text

33. Happi C, Adetifa I, Mbala P, et al. Urgent need for a non-discriminatory and non-stigmatizing nomenclature for monkeypox virus. PLoS Biol. 2022 Aug 23;20(8):e3001769.Full text  Abstract

34. Luna N, Ramírez AL, Muñoz M, et al. Phylogenomic analysis of the monkeypox virus (MPXV) 2022 outbreak: emergence of a novel viral lineage? Travel Med Infect Dis. 2022 Jul 13;49:102402. Abstract

35. UK Health Security Agency. Monkeypox outbreak: technical briefings. September 2022 [internet publication].Full text

36. Jolly B, Scaria V. A distinct phylogenetic cluster of monkeypox genomes suggests an early and cryptic spread of the virus. J Infect. 2023 Jan;86(1):e24-6.Full text  Abstract

37. Chmel M, Bartoš O, Kabíčková H, et al. Retrospective analysis revealed an April occurrence of monkeypox in the Czech Republic. Viruses. 2022 Aug 15;14(8):1773.Full text  Abstract

38. Sukhdeo S, Mishra S, Walmsley S. Human monkeypox: a comparison of the characteristics of the new epidemic to the endemic disease. BMC Infect Dis. 2022 Dec 12;22(1):928.Full text  Abstract

39. Haddad N. The presumed receptivity and susceptibility to monkeypox of European animal species. Infect Dis Now. 2022 Aug;52(5):294-8.Full text  Abstract

40. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Science brief: detection and transmission of mpox virus. October 2022 [internet publication].Full text

41. Vanhamel J, Laisnez V, Liesenborghs L, et al. Understanding sexual transmission dynamics and transmission contexts of monkeypox virus: a mixed-methods study of the early outbreak in Belgium (May-June 2022). Sex Transm Infect. 2022 Nov 17 [Epub ahead of print]. Abstract

42. Karan A, Styczynski AR, Huang C, et al. Human monkeypox without viral prodrome or sexual exposure, California, USA, 2022. Emerg Infect Dis. 2022 Aug 16;28(10):2121-3.Full text  Abstract

43. Hernandez LE, Jadoo A, Kirsner RS. Human monkeypox virus infection in an immunocompromised man: trial with tecovirimat. Lancet. 2022 Sep 10;400(10355):e8.Full text  Abstract

44. Saunders KE, Van Horn AN, Medlin HK, et al. Monkeypox in a young infant: Florida, 2022. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2022 Sep 23;71(38):1220-1.Full text  Abstract

45. Aguilera-Alonso D, Alonso-Cadenas JA, Roguera-Sopena M, et al. Monkeypox virus infections in children in Spain during the first months of the 2022 outbreak. Lancet Child Adolesc Health. 2022 Nov;6(11):e22-3.Full text  Abstract

46. Reda A, Abdelaal A, Brakat AM, et al. Monkeypox viral detection in semen specimens of confirmed cases: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Med Virol. 2022 Oct 22:e28250.Full text  Abstract

47. Palich R, Burrel S, Monsel G, et al. Viral loads in clinical samples of men with monkeypox virus infection: a French case series. Lancet Infect Dis. 2023 Jan;23(1):74-80.Full text  Abstract

48. World Health Organization. Multi-country monkeypox outbreak: situation update. 27 June 2022 [internet publication].Full text

49. Sah R, Abdelaal A, Reda A, et al. Monkeypox and its possible sexual transmission: where are we now with its evidence? Pathogens. 2022 Aug 17;11(8):924.Full text  Abstract

50. Peiró-Mestres A, Fuertes I, Camprubí-Ferrer D, et al. Frequent detection of monkeypox virus DNA in saliva, semen, and other clinical samples from 12 patients, Barcelona, Spain, May to June 2022. Euro Surveill. 2022 Jul;27(28):2200503.Full text  Abstract

51. Suñer C, Ubals M, Tarín-Vicente EJ, et al. Viral dynamics in patients with monkeypox infection: a prospective cohort study in Spain. Lancet Infect Dis. 2022 Dec 12 [Epub ahead of print].Full text  Abstract

52. European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Monkeypox multi-country outbreak: second update. October 2022 [internet publication].Full text

53. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Isolation and prevention practices for people with mpox. October 2022 [internet publication].Full text

54. Siedner MJ, Trinidad J, Berto CG, et al. Mpox in young woman with no epidemiologic risk factors, Massachusetts, USA. Emerg Infect Dis. 2023 Jan 25;29(4).Full text  Abstract

55. Nörz D, Pfefferle S, Brehm TT, et al. Evidence of surface contamination in hospital rooms occupied by patients infected with monkeypox, Germany, June 2022. Euro Surveill. 2022 Jun;27(26).Full text  Abstract

56. Atkinson B, Burton C, Pottage T, et al. Infection-competent monkeypox virus contamination identified in domestic settings following an imported case of monkeypox into the UK. Environ Microbiol. 2022 Oct;24(10):4561-9.Full text  Abstract

57. Morgan CN, Whitehill F, Doty JB, et al. Environmental persistence of monkeypox virus on surfaces in household of person with travel-associated infection, Dallas, Texas, USA, 2021. Emerg Infect Dis. 2022 Aug 11;28(10):1982-9.Full text  Abstract

58. Muller MP, Mishra S, McGeer A, et al. Environmental testing of surfaces in the room of a patient with mpox. Clin Infect Dis. 2023 Jan 6;76(1):179-81. Abstract

59. Pfeiffer JA, Collingwood A, Rider LE, et al. High-contact object and surface contamination in a household of persons with monkeypox virus infection: Utah, June 2022. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2022 Aug 26;71(34):1092-4.Full text  Abstract

60. Atkinson B, Gould S, Spencer A, et al. Monkeypox virus contamination in an office-based workplace environment. J Hosp Infect. 2022 Dec;130:141-3.Full text  Abstract

61. Gould S, Atkinson B, Onianwa O, et al. Air and surface sampling for monkeypox virus in a UK hospital: an observational study. Lancet Microbe. 2022 Dec;3(12):e904-11.Full text  Abstract

62. Ramnarayan P, Mitting R, Whittaker E, et al. Neonatal monkeypox virus infection. N Engl J Med. 2022 Oct 27;387(17):1618-20.Full text  Abstract

63. Van de Perre P, Molès JP, Rollins N. Is monkeypox virus transmissible by breastfeeding? Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2022 Oct;33(10):e13861.Full text  Abstract

64. Alonso-Cadenas JA, Andina-Martínez D, García-García CJ, et al. Monkeypox disease in a breastfeeding infant. Pediatr Dermatol. 2022 Sep 30 [Epub ahead of print]. Abstract

65. Satapathy P, Mohanty P, Manna S, et al. Potentially asymptomatic infection of monkeypox virus: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Vaccines (Basel). 2022 Dec 6;10(12):2083.Full text  Abstract

66. Ward T, Christie R, Paton RS, et al. Transmission dynamics of monkeypox in the United Kingdom: contact tracing study. BMJ. 2022 Nov 2;379:e073153.Full text  Abstract

67. Fenner F, Henderson DA, Arita I, et al. Chapter 29: Human monkeypox and other poxvirus infections of man. In: Smallpox and its eradication. Geneva: World Health Organization; 1988.Full text

68. World Health Organization. Monkeypox: fact sheet. May 2022 [internet publication].Full text

69. Reda A, El-Qushayri AE, Shah J. Asymptomatic monkeypox infection: a call for greater control of infection and transmission. Lancet Microbe. 2023 Jan;4(1):e15-6.Full text  Abstract

70. Ferré VM, Bachelard A, Zaidi M, et al. Detection of monkeypox virus in anorectal swabs from asymptomatic men who have sex with men in a sexually transmitted infection screening program in Paris, France. Ann Intern Med. 2022 Oct;175(10):1491-2.Full text  Abstract

71. Moschese D, Pozza G, Mileto D, et al. Isolation of viable monkeypox virus from anal and urethral swabs, Italy, May to July 2022. Euro Surveill. 2022 Sep;27(36).Full text  Abstract

72. Cassir N, Cardona F, Tissot-Dupont H, et al. Observational cohort study of evolving epidemiologic, clinical, and virologic features of monkeypox in Southern France. Emerg Infect Dis. 2022 Oct 14;28(12).Full text  Abstract

73. Thornhill JP, Barkati S, Walmsley S, et al. Monkeypox virus infection in humans across 16 countries: April–June 2022. N Engl J Med. 2022 Aug 25;387(8):679-91.Full text  Abstract

74. Kwok KO, Wei WI, Tang A, et al. Estimation of local transmissibility in the early phase of monkeypox epidemic in 2022. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2022 Dec;28(12):1653.e1-3.Full text  Abstract

75. Branda F, Pierini M, Mazzoli S. Monkeypox: early estimation of basic reproduction number R0 in Europe. J Med Virol. 2022 Nov 1:e28270.Full text  Abstract

76. Nolen LD, Osadebe L, Katomba J, et al. Introduction of monkeypox into a community and household: risk factors and zoonotic reservoirs in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2015 Aug;93(2):410-5.Full text  Abstract

77. Fenner F, Henderson DA, Arita I, et al. Chapter 29: Human monkeypox and other poxvirus infections of man. In: Smallpox and its eradication. Geneva: World Health Organization; 1988.Full text

78. Kaler J, Hussain A, Flores G, et al. Monkeypox: a comprehensive review of transmission, pathogenesis, and manifestation. Cureus. 2022 Jul;14(7):e26531.Full text  Abstract

79. Lum FM, Torres-Ruesta A, Tay MZ, et al. Monkeypox: disease epidemiology, host immunity and clinical interventions. Nat Rev Immunol. 2022 Oct;22(10):597-613.Full text  Abstract

80. Al-Musa A, Chou J, LaBere B. The resurgence of a neglected orthopoxvirus: Immunologic and clinical aspects of monkeypox virus infections over the past six decades. Clin Immunol. 2022 Oct;243:109108.Full text  Abstract

81. World Health Organization. Surveillance, case investigation and contact tracing for mpox (monkeypox): interim guidance, 22 December 2022. December 2022 [internet publication].Full text

82. Marshall KE, Barton M, Nichols J, et al. Health care personnel exposures to subsequently laboratory-confirmed monkeypox patients: Colorado, 2022. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2022 Sep 23;71(38):1216-9.Full text  Abstract

83. Marshall KE, Barton M, Nichols J, et al. Health care personnel exposures to subsequently laboratory-confirmed monkeypox patients: Colorado, 2022. Am J Transplant. 2022 Nov;22(11):2699-703.Full text  Abstract

84. Carvalho LB, Casadio LVB, Polly M, et al. Monkeypox virus transmission to healthcare worker through needlestick injury, Brazil. Emerg Infect Dis. 2022 Sep 19;28(11):2334-6.Full text  Abstract

85. Salvato RS, Rodrigues Ikeda ML, Barcellos RB, et al. Possible occupational infection of healthcare workers with monkeypox virus, Brazil. Emerg Infect Dis. 2022 Sep 30;28(12).Full text  Abstract

86. Mendoza R, Petras JK, Jenkins P, et al. Monkeypox virus infection resulting from an occupational needlestick: Florida, 2022. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2022 Oct 21;71(42):1348-9.Full text  Abstract

87. Caldas JP, Valdoleiros SR, Rebelo S, et al. Monkeypox after occupational needlestick injury from pustule. Emerg Infect Dis. 2022 Oct 17;28(12). Abstract

88. Le Pluart D, Ruyer-Thompson M, Ferré VM, et al. A healthcare-associated infection with monkeypox virus of a healthcare worker during the 2022 outbreak. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2022 Oct;9(10):ofac520.Full text  Abstract

89. Alarcón J, Kim M, Balanji N, et al. Occupational monkeypox virus transmission to healthcare worker, California, USA, 2022. Emerg Infect Dis. 2023 Feb;29(2):435-7.Full text  Abstract

90. Ladhani SN, Aiano F, Edwards DS, et al. Very low risk of monkeypox among staff and students after exposure to a confirmed case in educational settings, England, May to July 2022. Euro Surveill. 2022 Oct;27(40).Full text  Abstract

91. Tascini C, Geminiani M, Sbrana F, et al. Possible tattoo-transmitted monkeypox viral infection. Intern Emerg Med. 2022 Nov;17(8):2421-2.Full text  Abstract

92. Del Río García V, Palacios JG, Morcillo AM, et al. Monkeypox outbreak in a piercing and tattoo establishment in Spain. Lancet Infect Dis. 2022 Sep 29;22(11):1526-8.Full text  Abstract

93. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Mpox in animals. January 2023 [internet publication].Full text

94. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Clinical considerations for mpox in children and adolescents. November 2022 [internet publication].Full text

95. Huang YA, Howard-Jones AR, Durrani S, et al. Monkeypox: a clinical update for paediatricians. J Paediatr Child Health. 2022 Sep;58(9):1532-8.Full text  Abstract

96. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Clinical considerations for mpox in people who are pregnant or breastfeeding. October 2022 [internet publication].Full text

97. Dashraath P, Nielsen-Saines K, Rimoin A, et al. Monkeypox and pregnancy: virology, clinical presentation, and obstetric management. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2022 Dec;227(6):849-61.Full text  Abstract

98. D'Antonio F, Pagani G, Buca D, et al. Monkeypox infection in pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM. 2022 Sep 9:100747.Full text  Abstract

99. Ogoina D, Iroezindu M, James HI, et al. Clinical course and outcome of human monkeypox in Nigeria. Clin Infect Dis. 2020 Nov 5;71(8):e210-4.Full text  Abstract

100. Curran KG, Eberly K, Russell OO, et al. HIV and sexually transmitted infections among persons with monkeypox: eight US jurisdictions, May 17 - July 22, 2022. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2022 Sep 9;71(36):1141-7.Full text  Abstract

101. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Health alert network (HAN) health advisory: severe manifestations of monkeypox among people who are immunocompromised due to HIV or other conditions. September 2022 [internet publication].Full text

102. Miller MJ, Cash-Goldwasser S, Marx GE, et al. Severe monkeypox in hospitalized patients: United States, August 10 - October 10, 2022. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2022 Nov 4;71(44):1412-7.Full text  Abstract

103. Bragazzi NL, Kong JD, Mahroum N, et al. Epidemiological trends and clinical features of the ongoing monkeypox epidemic: a preliminary pooled data analysis and literature review. J Med Virol. 2023 Jan;95(1):e27931. Abstract

104. Thomas A, Hammarlund E, Gao L, et al. Loss of preexisting immunological memory among human immunodeficiency virus-infected women despite immune reconstitution with antiretroviral therapy. J Infect Dis. 2020 Jun 29;222(2):243-51.Full text  Abstract

105. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Interim clinical guidance for the treatment of mpox. October 2022 [internet publication].Full text

106. Xia J, Huang CL, Chu P, et al. Eczema monkeypoxicum: report of monkeypox transmission in a patient with atopic dermatitis. JAAD Case Rep. 2022 Nov;29:95-9.Full text  Abstract

107. Ramoni S, Maronese CA, Morini N, et al. Syphilis and monkeypox co-infection: coincidence, synergy or asymptomatic carriage? Travel Med Infect Dis. 2022 Sep 5;50:102447.Full text  Abstract

108. Brooks JT, Marks P, Goldstein RH, et al. Intradermal vaccination for monkeypox: benefits for individual and public health. N Engl J Med. 2022 Sep 29;387(13):1151-3.Full text  Abstract

109. Frey SE, Wald A, Edupuganti S, et al. Comparison of lyophilized versus liquid modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA) formulations and subcutaneous versus intradermal routes of administration in healthy vaccinia-naïve subjects. Vaccine. 2015 Sep 22;33(39):5225-34. Abstract

110. US Food and Drug Administration. Monkeypox update: FDA authorizes emergency use of JYNNEOS vaccine to increase vaccine supply. August 2022 [internet publication].Full text

111. Bavarian Nordic. Direct healthcare professional communication: letter to GB/UK healthcare professionals about the differences between Imvanex® brand (licensed in GB/UK) and Jynneos® brand (licensed in US) of live modified vaccinia virus Ankara. September 2022 [internet publication].Full text

112. UK Health Security Agency. Recommendations for the use of pre and post exposure vaccination during a monkeypox incident. August 2022 [internet publication].Full text

113. European Medicines Agency. EMA’s emergency task force advises on intradermal use of Imvanex/Jynneos against monkeypox. August 2022 [internet publication].Full text

114. UK Health Security Agency. Monkeypox: assessment of intradermal dosing of the smallpox vaccine. August 2022 [internet publication].Full text

115. Pittman PR, Hahn M, Lee HS, et al. Phase 3 efficacy trial of modified vaccinia Ankara as a vaccine against smallpox. N Engl J Med. 2019 Nov 14;381(20):1897-908. Abstract

116. Rao AK, Petersen BW, Whitehill F, et al. Use of JYNNEOS (smallpox and monkeypox vaccine, live, nonreplicating) for preexposure vaccination of persons at risk for occupational exposure to orthopoxviruses: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices - United States, 2022. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2022 Jun 3;71(22):734-42.Full text  Abstract

117. Duffy J, Marquez P, Moro P, et al. Safety monitoring of JYNNEOS vaccine during the 2022 mpox outbreak: United States, May 22 - October 21, 2022. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2022 Dec 9;71(49):1555-9.Full text  Abstract

118. World Health Organization. Vaccines and immunization for monkeypox: interim guidance, 16 November 2022. November 2022 [internet publication].Full text

119. British HIV Association. BHIVA rapid guidance on monkeypox virus. October 2022 [internet publication].Full text

120. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Smallpox: contraindications to vaccination. December 2016 [internet publication].Full text

121. Badell ML, Meaney-Delman D, Tuuli MG, et al. Risks associated with smallpox vaccination in pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Obstet Gynecol. 2015 Jun;125(6):1439-51.Full text  Abstract

122. Cono J, Casey CG, Bell DM, et al. Smallpox vaccination and adverse reactions: guidance for clinicians. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2003 Feb 21;52(RR-4):1-28.Full text  Abstract

123. Halsell JS, Riddle JR, Atwood JE, et al. Myopericarditis following smallpox vaccination among vaccinia-naive US military personnel. JAMA. 2003 Jun 25;289(24):3283-9.Full text  Abstract

124. Dayyab FM, Daiyab HM, Farahat RA. Precautions and recommendations towards possible cardiac manifestations of monkeypox vaccination. Int J Surg. 2022 Sep;105:106898.Full text  Abstract

125. UK Health Security Agency. Mpox (monkeypox) outbreak: vaccination strategy. June 2022 [internet publication].Full text

126. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Interim clinical considerations for use of JYNNEOS and ACAM2000 vaccines during the 2022 US mpox outbreak. October 2022 [internet publication].Full text

127. Earl PL, Americo JL, Wyatt LS, et al. Immunogenicity of a highly attenuated MVA smallpox vaccine and protection against monkeypox. Nature. 2004 Mar 11;428(6979):182-5.Full text  Abstract

128. Zaeck LM, Lamers MM, Verstrepen BE, et al. Low levels of monkeypox virus neutralizing antibodies after MVA-BN vaccination in healthy individuals. Nat Med. 2022 Oct 18 [Epub ahead of print].Full text  Abstract

129. McCollum AM, Damon IK. Human monkeypox. Clin Infect Dis. 2014 Jan;58(2):260-7.Full text  Abstract

130. Payne AB, Ray LC, Cole MM, et al. Reduced risk for mpox after receipt of 1 or 2 doses of JYNNEOS vaccine compared with risk among unvaccinated persons: 43 U.S. jurisdictions, July 31 - October 1, 2022. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2022 Dec 9;71(49):1560-4.Full text  Abstract

131. Farrar JL, Lewis NM, Houck K, et al. Demographic and clinical characteristics of mpox in persons who had previously received 1 dose of JYNNEOS vaccine and in unvaccinated persons: 29 U.S. jurisdictions, May 22 - September 3, 2022. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2022 Dec 30;71(5152):1610-5.Full text  Abstract

132. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. ​Preliminary JYNNEOS vaccine effectiveness estimates against medically attended mpox disease in the U.S., August 15, 2022 – October 29, 2022. December 2022 [internet publication].Full text

133. Turner M, Mandia J, Keltner C, et al. Monkeypox in patient immunized with ACAM2000 smallpox vaccine during 2022 outbreak. Emerg Infect Dis. 2022 Sep 14;28(11):2336-8.Full text  Abstract

134. Raccagni AR, Candela C, Mileto D, et al. Breakthrough monkeypox infection among individuals previously immunized with smallpox or monkeypox vaccination. J Infect. 2022 Dec 5 [Epub ahead of print].Full text  Abstract

135. Berens-Riha N, De Block T, Rutgers J, et al. Severe mpox (formerly monkeypox) disease in five patients after recent vaccination with MVA-BN vaccine, Belgium, July to October 2022. Euro Surveill. 2022 Dec;27(48):2200894.Full text  Abstract

136. Hoffmann C, Wolf E, Jessen H, et al. Is there any evidence for milder courses of monkeypox virus infections with childhood smallpox vaccination? Infection. 2022 Sep 20 [Epub ahead of print].Full text  Abstract

137. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Interim clinical considerations for use of COVID-19 vaccines currently approved or authorized in the United States. January 2023 [internet publication].Full text

138. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Mpox: clinician FAQs. November 2022 [internet publication].Full text

139. UK Health Security Agency; Public Health Wales; Public Health Agency (Northern Ireland). Principles for control of non-HCID mpox in the UK: 4 nations consensus statement. January 2023 [internet publication].Full text

140. UK Health Security Agency. Mpox (monkeypox): case definitions. January 2023 [internet publication].Full text

141. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Case definitions for use in the 2022 mpox response. July 2022 [internet publication].Full text

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