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Glomerulonephritis

Última revisión: 18 Jun 2025
Última actualización: 14 Feb 2025

Resumen

Definición

Anamnesis y examen

Principales factores de diagnóstico

  • hematuria
  • edema
  • hypertension
Todos los datos

Otros factores de diagnóstico

  • oliguria
  • anorexia
  • nausea
  • malaise
  • weight loss
  • fever
  • skin rash
  • arthralgia
  • hemoptysis
  • abdominal pain
  • sore throat
  • hypervolemia
Todos los datos

Factores de riesgo

  • group A beta-hemolytic Streptococcus
  • respiratory infections
  • gastrointestinal infections
  • hepatitis B
  • hepatitis C
  • infective endocarditis
  • HIV
  • systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
  • systemic vasculitis
  • lung cancer
  • colorectal cancer
  • Hodgkin lymphoma
  • non-Hodgkin lymphoma
  • leukemia
  • thymoma
  • hemolytic uremic syndrome
  • drugs
Todos los datos

Pruebas diagnósticas

Primeras pruebas diagnósticas para solicitar

  • urinalysis and microscopy of urine sediment
  • comprehensive metabolic profile
  • estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)
  • complete blood count
  • lipid profile
  • 24-hour urine collection
  • ultrasound of kidneys
Todos los datos

Pruebas diagnósticas que deben considerarse

  • spot urine protein:creatinine ratio (PCR)
  • spot urine albumin:creatinine ratio (ACR)
  • erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) or C-reactive protein (CRP)
  • complement levels
  • rheumatoid factor
  • antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody
  • antiglomerular basement membrane (GBM) antibody
  • antistreptolysin O antibody
  • antihyaluronidase
  • anti-DNase
  • anti-double-stranded DNA
  • antinuclear antibody
  • cryoglobulins
  • hepatitis C virus and hepatitis B virus serology
  • HIV serology
  • serum or urine protein electrophoresis
  • serum free light chains
  • drug screen
  • kidney biopsy
  • antiphospholipase A2 receptor antibodies
  • computed tomographic scan of chest and abdomen
Todos los datos

Algoritmo de tratamiento

Agudo

mild disease

moderate-severe disease

rapidly progressive

Colaboradores

Autores

Nabeel Aslam, MD, FASN

Associate Professor of Medicine

Consultant Nephrologist

Mayo Clinic

Jacksonville

FL

Divulgaciones

NA declares that he has served on advisory boards for Travere Therapeutics and Chinook Therapeutics. He has received research grants from Idorsia, Novartis, and Baxter.

Agradecimientos

Dr Nabeel Aslam would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Jeremy Levy, Dr Padmanabhan Premkumar, Dr Priyanka Sharma, and Dr Ajay Kumar, previous contributors to this topic.

Divulgaciones

JL, PP, PS, and AK declare that they have no competing interests.

Revisores por pares

Martin Schreiber, MD

Department Chairman

Nephrology and Hypertension

Cleveland Clinic Foundation

Cleveland

OH

Divulgaciones

MS declares that he has no competing interests.

Patrick Naish, MB, FRCP

Teaching Fellow

Keele University Medical School

Keele

UK

Divulgaciones

PN declares that he has no competing interests.

Richard Banks, MBBS, FRCP, MD

Consultant Nephrologist

Gloucestershire Royal Hospital

Gloucester

UK

Divulgaciones

RB declares that he has no competing interests.

Mark Thomas, BSc, MBBS, MD, FRCP

Consultant Nephrologist

University Hospitals Birmingham

Birmingham

UK

Divulgaciones

MT declares that he has no competing interests.

Referencias

Nuestros equipos internos de evidencia y editoriales colaboran con colaboradores expertos internacionales y revisores pares para garantizar que brindemos acceso a la información más clínicamente relevante posible.

Artículos principales

Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Glomerular Diseases Work Group. KDIGO 2021 Clinical practice guideline for the management of glomerular diseases. Kidney Int. 2021 Oct;100(4s):S1-276.Texto completo  Resumen

Sethi S, De Vriese AS, Fervenza FC. Acute glomerulonephritis. Lancet. 2022 Apr 23;399(10335):1646-63. Resumen

Walters GD, Willis NS, Cooper TE, et al. Interventions for renal vasculitis in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020 Jan 13;(1):CD003232.Texto completo  Resumen

Artículos de referencia

Una lista completa de las fuentes a las que se hace referencia en este tema está disponible para los usuarios con acceso a todo BMJ Best Practice.
  • Glomerulonephritis images
  • Diferenciales

    • Nephrolithiasis
    • Bladder cancer
    • Renal cancer
    Más Diferenciales
  • Guías de práctica clínica

    • KDIGO clinical practice guideline for antineutrophilic cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis
    • KDIGO clinical practice guideline for the management of lupus nephritis
    Más Guías de práctica clínica
  • Folletos para el paciente

    Glomerulonephritis

    Kidney infection

    Más Folletos para el paciente
  • Calculadoras

    Glomerular Filtration Rate Estimate by CKD-EPI Equation

    Más Calculadoras
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