小结
定义
病史和体格检查
关键诊断因素
- edema
- foamy urine
- hypertension
- Muehrcke lines
- xanthelasma and xanthomata
其他诊断因素
- body mass index 95th percentile or greater
- lymphadenopathy
- skin rash
- oral lesions
- nephrectomy scar
危险因素
- male sex
- black race
- family history of FSGS
- heroin abuse
- use of known causative medications
- chronic viral infection
- solitary kidney
- pre-existing renal disease
- kidney transplant
- acute renal ischemia
- obesity
诊断性检查
首要检查
- serum BUN
- creatinine
- GFR
- urinalysis with microscopy
- urine protein-to-creatinine ratio
- 24-hour urine collection for protein
- serum albumin
- serum lipid profile
需考虑的检查
- serum HIV enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
- CD4 count and viral load studies
- parvovirus DNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
- cytomegalovirus DNA PCR
- hepatitis B and C serologies
- antinuclear antibody, anti-double-stranded DNA
- serum and urine protein electrophoresis
- renal biopsy
治疗流程
primary FSGS
secondary FSGS
撰稿人
作者
Manish Suneja, MD, FASN, FACP
Professor
Department of Internal Medicine
Division of Nephrology
University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics
Iowa City
IA
利益声明
MS receives royalties from McGraw-Hill as an editor of the book DeGowin's Diagnostic Examination.
鸣谢
Dr Manish Suneja would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Divya Movva, a previous contributor to this topic.
利益声明
DM declares that she has no competing interests.
同行评议者
Catherine Clase, BA, MB, MSC, FRCPC
Associate Professor
Nephrologist
McMaster University
Hamilton
Ontario
Canada
利益声明
CC declares that she has no competing interests.
Alain Meyrier, MD
Professor of Medicine
Universite Paris-Descartes
Hopital Europeen Georges Pompidou
Paris
France
利益声明
AM is an author of a reference cited in this topic.
参考文献
关键文献
Rosenberg AZ, Kopp JB. Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2017 Mar 7;12(3):502-17.全文 摘要
Beaudreuil S, Lorenzo HK, Elias M, et al. Optimal management of primary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis in adults. Int J Nephrol Renovasc Dis. 2017 May 10;10:97-107.全文 摘要
Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes. KDIGO 2021 clinical practice guideline for the management of glomerular diseases. Oct 2021 [internet publication].全文
参考文献
A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.
鉴别诊断
- Membranous nephropathy
- Minimal change disease
- Amyloidosis
更多 鉴别诊断指南
- KDIGO 2021 Clinical practice guideline for the management of glomerular diseases
更多 指南患者教育信息
Obesity - drugs and surgery
Weight problems in children
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Glomerular Filtration Rate Estimate by the IDMS-Traceable MDRD Study Equation
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