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Последний просмотренный: 25 Nov 2025
Last updated: 10 Jun 2025

Резюме

Определение

Анамнез и осмотр

Другие диагностические факторы

  • poliuria
  • polifagia
  • polidipsia
  • pérdida de peso
  • debilidad
  • náuseas o vómitos
  • dolor abdominal
  • sequedad de mucosas
  • turgencia cutánea reducida
  • ojos hundidos
  • taquicardia
  • hipotensión
  • respiración de Kussmaul
  • aliento cetónico
  • alteración del estado mental
  • hipotermia

Факторы риска

  • diabetes tipo 1
  • tratamiento inadecuado o inapropiado con insulina
  • infección
  • infarto de miocardio
  • episodio previo de crisis hiperglucémica o hipoglucémica
  • hemoglobina A1c alta (HbA1c)
  • determinantes sociales adversos de la salud
  • Edad <45 años.
  • presencia de otras complicaciones relacionadas con la diabetes
  • presencia de otras enfermedades crónicas
  • pancreatitis
  • accidente cerebrovascular
  • acromegalia
  • hipertiroidismo
  • uso de determinados fármacos
  • Síndrome de Cushing
  • Ascendencia hispana, asiática o negra
  • cirugía bariátrica
  • ayuno prolongado o restricción de carbohidratos
  • embarazo
  • demencia
  • trastornos de salud mental
  • consumo de alcohol y/o sustancias

Диагностические исследования

Исследования, которые показаны в первую очередь

  • glucosa plasmática
  • GSA
  • cetonas capilares o séricas
  • análisis de orina
  • urea sérica
  • creatinina sérica
  • sodio sérico
  • potasio sérico
  • cloruro sérico
  • magnesio sérico
  • fosfato sérico
  • cálculo de la brecha aniónica
  • lactato sérico
  • pruebas de función hepática (PFH)
  • amilasa sérica
  • lipasa sérica
  • osmolalidad sérica
  • hemograma completo (HC)
  • electrocardiograma (ECG)

Исследования, проведение которых нужно рассмотреть

  • Creatina-quinasa sérica (CK)
  • radiografía del tórax (RT)
  • troponina cardíaca de alta sensibilidad
  • hemocultivos, urocultivos o cultivos de esputo

Алгоритм лечения

Составители

Авторы

Aidar R. Gosmanov, MD, PhD, FACE

Associate Professor of Medicine

Division of Endocrinology

Albany Medical College

Chief, Endocrinology Section

Albany VAMC

Albany

NY

Раскрытие информации

ARG declares that he has no competing interests.

Laleh Razavi Nematollahi, MD

Assistant Professor of Medicine

Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine

Case Western Reserve University

Cleveland

OH

Раскрытие информации

LRN declares that she has no competing interests.

Выражение благодарностей

Dr Aidar Gosmanov and Dr Laleh Razavi Nematollahi would like to gratefully acknowledge Professor Abbas E. Kitabchi, the previous contributor to this topic.

Раскрытие информации

AEK is an author of a number of references in this topic.

Рецензенты

David Jenkins, DM, FRCP

Consultant Physician

Worcestershire Royal Hospital

Worcester

UK

Раскрытие информации

DJ declares that he has no competing interests.

Udaya M. Kabadi, MD, FRCP(C), FACP, FACE

Professor of Medicine

University of Iowa

Iowa City

IA

Раскрытие информации

UMK declares that she has no competing interests.

Peer reviewer acknowledgements

BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.

Disclosures

Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.

Список литературы

Our in-house evidence and editorial teams collaborate with international expert contributors and peer reviewers to ensure that we provide access to the most clinically relevant information possible.

Основные статьи

Umpierrez GE, Davis GM, ElSayed NA, et al. Hyperglycaemic crises in adults with diabetes: a consensus report. Diabetologia. 2024 Aug;67(8):1455-79.Полный текст  Аннотация

American Diabetes Association. Standards of care in diabetes - 2025. Diabetes Care. 2025 Jan ;48(suppl 1):S1-352.Полный текст

Dhatariya KK, Glaser NS, Codner E, et al. Diabetic ketoacidosis. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2020 May 14;6(1):40. Аннотация

Umpierrez G, Korytkowski M. Diabetic emergencies - ketoacidosis, hyperglycaemic hyperosmolar state and hypoglycaemia. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2016 Apr;12(4):222-32. Аннотация

Статьи, указанные как источники

A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available here.

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