Resumen
Definición
Anamnesis y examen
Otros factores de diagnóstico
- poliuria
- polifagia
- polidipsia
- pérdida de peso
- debilidad
- náuseas o vómitos
- dolor abdominal
- sequedad de mucosas
- turgencia cutánea reducida
- ojos hundidos
- taquicardia
- hipotensión
- respiración de Kussmaul
- aliento cetónico
- alteración del estado mental
- hipotermia
Factores de riesgo
- diabetes tipo 1
- tratamiento inadecuado o inapropiado con insulina
- infección
- infarto de miocardio
- episodio previo de crisis hiperglucémica o hipoglucémica
- hemoglobina A1c alta (HbA1c)
- determinantes sociales adversos de la salud
- Edad <45 años.
- presencia de otras complicaciones relacionadas con la diabetes
- presencia de otras enfermedades crónicas
- pancreatitis
- accidente cerebrovascular
- acromegalia
- hipertiroidismo
- uso de determinados fármacos
- Síndrome de Cushing
- Ascendencia hispana, asiática o negra
- cirugía bariátrica
- ayuno prolongado o restricción de carbohidratos
- embarazo
- demencia
- trastornos de salud mental
- consumo de alcohol y/o sustancias
Pruebas diagnósticas
Primeras pruebas diagnósticas para solicitar
- glucosa plasmática
- GSA
- cetonas capilares o séricas
- análisis de orina
- urea sérica
- creatinina sérica
- sodio sérico
- potasio sérico
- cloruro sérico
- magnesio sérico
- fosfato sérico
- cálculo de la brecha aniónica
- lactato sérico
- pruebas de función hepática (PFH)
- amilasa sérica
- lipasa sérica
- osmolalidad sérica
- hemograma completo (HC)
- electrocardiograma (ECG)
Pruebas diagnósticas que deben considerarse
- Creatina-quinasa sérica (CK)
- radiografía del tórax (RT)
- troponina cardíaca de alta sensibilidad
- hemocultivos, urocultivos o cultivos de esputo
Algoritmo de tratamiento
Contributors
Authors
Aidar R. Gosmanov, MD, PhD, FACE
Associate Professor of Medicine
Division of Endocrinology
Albany Medical College
Chief, Endocrinology Section
Albany VAMC
Albany
NY
Disclosures
ARG declares that he has no competing interests.
Laleh Razavi Nematollahi, MD
Assistant Professor of Medicine
Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine
Case Western Reserve University
Cleveland
OH
Disclosures
LRN declares that she has no competing interests.
Acknowledgements
Dr Aidar Gosmanov and Dr Laleh Razavi Nematollahi would like to gratefully acknowledge Professor Abbas E. Kitabchi, the previous contributor to this topic.
Disclosures
AEK is an author of a number of references in this topic.
Peer reviewers
David Jenkins, DM, FRCP
Consultant Physician
Worcestershire Royal Hospital
Worcester
UK
Disclosures
DJ declares that he has no competing interests.
Udaya M. Kabadi, MD, FRCP(C), FACP, FACE
Professor of Medicine
University of Iowa
Iowa City
IA
Disclosures
UMK declares that she has no competing interests.
Peer reviewer acknowledgements
BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.
Disclosures
Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.
References
Key articles
Umpierrez GE, Davis GM, ElSayed NA, et al. Hyperglycaemic crises in adults with diabetes: a consensus report. Diabetologia. 2024 Aug;67(8):1455-79.Full text Abstract
American Diabetes Association. Standards of care in diabetes - 2025. Diabetes Care. 2025 Jan ;48(suppl 1):S1-352.Full text
Dhatariya KK, Glaser NS, Codner E, et al. Diabetic ketoacidosis. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2020 May 14;6(1):40. Abstract
Umpierrez G, Korytkowski M. Diabetic emergencies - ketoacidosis, hyperglycaemic hyperosmolar state and hypoglycaemia. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2016 Apr;12(4):222-32. Abstract
Reference articles
A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available here.
Use of this content is subject to our disclaimer