When viewing this topic in a different language, you may notice some differences in the way the content is structured, but it still reflects the latest evidence-based guidance.

Última revisión: 6 Aug 2025
Última actualización: 10 Jun 2025

Resumen

Definición

Anamnesis y examen

Otros factores de diagnóstico

  • poliuria
  • polifagia
  • polidipsia
  • pérdida de peso
  • debilidad
  • náuseas o vómitos
  • dolor abdominal
  • sequedad de mucosas
  • turgencia cutánea reducida
  • ojos hundidos
  • taquicardia
  • hipotensión
  • respiración de Kussmaul
  • aliento cetónico
  • alteración del estado mental
  • hipotermia

Factores de riesgo

  • diabetes tipo 1
  • tratamiento inadecuado o inapropiado con insulina
  • infección
  • infarto de miocardio
  • episodio previo de crisis hiperglucémica o hipoglucémica
  • hemoglobina A1c alta (HbA1c)
  • determinantes sociales adversos de la salud
  • Edad <45 años.
  • presencia de otras complicaciones relacionadas con la diabetes
  • presencia de otras enfermedades crónicas
  • pancreatitis
  • accidente cerebrovascular
  • acromegalia
  • hipertiroidismo
  • uso de determinados fármacos
  • Síndrome de Cushing
  • Ascendencia hispana, asiática o negra
  • cirugía bariátrica
  • ayuno prolongado o restricción de carbohidratos
  • embarazo
  • demencia
  • trastornos de salud mental
  • consumo de alcohol y/o sustancias

Pruebas diagnósticas

Primeras pruebas diagnósticas para solicitar

  • glucosa plasmática
  • GSA
  • cetonas capilares o séricas
  • análisis de orina
  • urea sérica
  • creatinina sérica
  • sodio sérico
  • potasio sérico
  • cloruro sérico
  • magnesio sérico
  • fosfato sérico
  • cálculo de la brecha aniónica
  • lactato sérico
  • pruebas de función hepática (PFH)
  • amilasa sérica
  • lipasa sérica
  • osmolalidad sérica
  • hemograma completo (HC)
  • electrocardiograma (ECG)

Pruebas diagnósticas que deben considerarse

  • Creatina-quinasa sérica (CK)
  • radiografía del tórax (RT)
  • troponina cardíaca de alta sensibilidad
  • hemocultivos, urocultivos o cultivos de esputo

Algoritmo de tratamiento

Contributors

Authors

Aidar R. Gosmanov, MD, PhD, FACE

Associate Professor of Medicine

Division of Endocrinology

Albany Medical College

Chief, Endocrinology Section

Albany VAMC

Albany

NY

Disclosures

ARG declares that he has no competing interests.

Laleh Razavi Nematollahi, MD

Assistant Professor of Medicine

Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine

Case Western Reserve University

Cleveland

OH

Disclosures

LRN declares that she has no competing interests.

Acknowledgements

Dr Aidar Gosmanov and Dr Laleh Razavi Nematollahi would like to gratefully acknowledge Professor Abbas E. Kitabchi, the previous contributor to this topic.

Disclosures

AEK is an author of a number of references in this topic.

Peer reviewers

David Jenkins, DM, FRCP

Consultant Physician

Worcestershire Royal Hospital

Worcester

UK

Disclosures

DJ declares that he has no competing interests.

Udaya M. Kabadi, MD, FRCP(C), FACP, FACE

Professor of Medicine

University of Iowa

Iowa City

IA

Disclosures

UMK declares that she has no competing interests.

Peer reviewer acknowledgements

BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.

Disclosures

Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.

References

Our in-house evidence and editorial teams collaborate with international expert contributors and peer reviewers to ensure that we provide access to the most clinically relevant information possible.

Key articles

Umpierrez GE, Davis GM, ElSayed NA, et al. Hyperglycaemic crises in adults with diabetes: a consensus report. Diabetologia. 2024 Aug;67(8):1455-79.Full text  Abstract

American Diabetes Association. Standards of care in diabetes - 2025. Diabetes Care. 2025 Jan ;48(suppl 1):S1-352.Full text

Dhatariya KK, Glaser NS, Codner E, et al. Diabetic ketoacidosis. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2020 May 14;6(1):40. Abstract

Umpierrez G, Korytkowski M. Diabetic emergencies - ketoacidosis, hyperglycaemic hyperosmolar state and hypoglycaemia. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2016 Apr;12(4):222-32. Abstract

Reference articles

A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available here.

Use of this content is subject to our disclaimer