如果一名具有高血糖的体征和症状(多尿、多饮、腹痛)、血容量不足、丙酮呼吸且意识状态发生变化的患者被送入急诊科(即使该患者没有糖尿病病史),应检查其血糖和尿酮体。在出现高血糖和/或尿酮体阳性时,应进行诊断 DKA 和高渗性高血糖状态所需要的全部实验室评估。[1]Kitabchi AE, Umpierrez GE, Miles JM, et al. Hyperglycemic crises in adult patients with diabetes: a consensus statement from the American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care. 2009 Jul;32(7):1335-43.
http://care.diabetesjournals.org/content/32/7/1335.full
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19564476?tool=bestpractice.com