小结
定义
病史和体格检查
关键诊断因素
- fraqueza unilateral ou paralisia na face, braço ou perna
- perda sensorial (dormência)
- disfasia
- disartria
- distúrbio visual
- fotofobia
- cefaleia
- ataxia
- fatores de risco
其他诊断因素
- vertigem
- náuseas/vômitos
- diminuição do nível de consciência/coma
- confusão
- paresia da mirada
危险因素
- hipertensão
- idade avançada
- sexo masculino
- Asiático, negro e/ou latino/hispânico
- consumo intenso de bebidas alcoólicas
- drogas simpatomiméticas ilícitas
- história familiar de hemorragia intracerebral
- hemofilia
- angiopatia amiloide cerebral
- doença falciforme
- mutações autossômicas dominantes no gene COL4A1
- telangiectasia hemorrágica hereditária
- mutações autossômicas dominantes no gene KRIT1, gene CCM2 ou gene PDCD10
- anticoagulação
- malformações vasculares
- doença de Moyamoya
- gestação
- tabagismo
- anti-inflamatórios não esteroidais (AINEs)
- apneia obstrutiva do sono
- diabetes mellitus
- medicamentos simpatomiméticos
- vasculite cerebral
- trombocitopenia
- leucemia
诊断性检查
首要检查
- TC de crânio sem contraste
- glicose sérica
- eletrólitos séricos
- ureia e creatinina séricas
- testes da função hepática
- Hemograma completo
- exames de coagulação
- eletrocardiograma (ECG)
需考虑的检查
- análise toxicológica sérica
- Angiografia por TC (ATG) ou angiografia por ressonância magnética (ARM) da cabeça
- Venografia por tomografia computadorizada ou venografia por ressonância magnética da cabeça
- Angiografia cerebral intra-arterial
治疗流程
suspeita de hemorragia intracerebral
hemorragia intracerebral confirmada
撰稿人
专家顾问
Matthew Jones, MD, FRCP
Consultant Neurologist
Manchester Centre for Clinical Neurosciences
Northern Care Alliance
Honorary Senior Lecturer
University of Manchester
Manchester
UK
利益声明
MJ is the chair of the Association of British Neurologists Education Committee (unpaid position). MJ is a faculty member of an MRCP revision course. MJ has received honoraria from Eisai for educational talks.
Acknowledgements
BMJ Best Practice would like to gratefully acknowledge the previous expert contributors, whose work has been retained in parts of the content:
Fernando D. Goldenberg, MD
Clinical Associate of Neurology
Medical Director, Neuroscience ICU
Director, Neurocritical Care Education
Co-Director, Stroke Center
University of Chicago
Chicago
IL
Raisa C. Martinez, MD
Neurocritical Care Fellow
Department of Neurology
University of Chicago
Chicago
IL
利益声明
FDG and RCM declare that they have no competing interests.
同行评议者
David Werring, FRCP, PhD, FESO
Professor of Clinical Neurology
Head of Research Department, Brain Repair and Rehabilitation
UCL Institute of Neurology
Honorary Consultant Neurologist
National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery
University College Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
North Thames Clinical Research Specialty Lead for Stroke
NIHR Clinical Research Network
London
UK
Disclosures
DW has received honoraria (speaking) from Bayer 2016, 2017, 2018 (talks or debates on intracerebral haemorrhage, atrial fibrillation, dementia) and honoraria (chairing) from Portola and Bayer 2019. DW has received consultancy fees from Bayer (2017; embolic stroke of undetermined source), JFB consulting (2018; PCSK9 inhibitors in stroke), Alnylam (2019; cerebral amyloid angiopathy), Portola (2019, 2020; andexanet alpha). JW was UCL Principle Investigator for NIHR clinical trials NAVIGATE-ESUS (Bayer, 2016-19), B2341002 (Pfizer 2014-2016), Action-2 (Biogen, 2016-19); Chief Investigator for OPTIMAS; steering committee and co-investigator for RESTART, TICH-2.
Peer reviewer acknowledgements
BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.
Disclosures
Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.
References
Key articles
Greenberg SM, Ziai WC, Cordonnier C, et al. 2022 Guideline for the management of patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage: a guideline from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2022 Jul;53(7):e282-361.Full text Abstract
Intercollegiate Stroke Working Party. National clinical guideline for stroke for the UK and Ireland. May 2023 [internet publication].Full text
National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Stroke and transient ischaemic attack in over 16s: diagnosis and initial management. Apr 2022 [internet publication].Full text
Royal College of Physicians. National Clinical Guideline for Stroke. Oct 2016 [internet publication].Full text
Reference articles
A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.

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