AVC devido a hemorragia intracerebral espontânea

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Última revisão: 3 Dec 2025
Última atualização: 15 Mar 2024

小结

定义

病史和体格检查

关键诊断因素

  • fraqueza unilateral ou paralisia na face, braço ou perna
  • perda sensorial (dormência)
  • disfasia
  • disartria
  • distúrbio visual
  • fotofobia
  • cefaleia
  • ataxia
  • fatores de risco
完整详情

其他诊断因素

  • vertigem
  • náuseas/vômitos
  • diminuição do nível de consciência/coma
  • confusão
  • paresia da mirada
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危险因素

  • hipertensão
  • idade avançada
  • sexo masculino
  • Asiático, negro e/ou latino/hispânico
  • consumo intenso de bebidas alcoólicas
  • drogas simpatomiméticas ilícitas
  • história familiar de hemorragia intracerebral
  • hemofilia
  • angiopatia amiloide cerebral
  • doença falciforme
  • mutações autossômicas dominantes no gene COL4A1
  • telangiectasia hemorrágica hereditária
  • mutações autossômicas dominantes no gene KRIT1, gene CCM2 ou gene PDCD10
  • anticoagulação
  • malformações vasculares
  • doença de Moyamoya
  • gestação
  • tabagismo
  • anti-inflamatórios não esteroidais (AINEs)
  • apneia obstrutiva do sono
  • diabetes mellitus
  • medicamentos simpatomiméticos
  • vasculite cerebral
  • trombocitopenia
  • leucemia
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诊断性检查

首要检查

  • TC de crânio sem contraste
  • glicose sérica
  • eletrólitos séricos
  • ureia e creatinina séricas
  • testes da função hepática
  • Hemograma completo
  • exames de coagulação
  • eletrocardiograma (ECG)
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需考虑的检查

  • análise toxicológica sérica
  • Angiografia por TC (ATG) ou angiografia por ressonância magnética (ARM) da cabeça
  • Venografia por tomografia computadorizada ou venografia por ressonância magnética da cabeça
  • Angiografia cerebral intra-arterial
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治疗流程

初步治疗

suspeita de hemorragia intracerebral

急症处理

hemorragia intracerebral confirmada

撰稿人

专家顾问

Matthew Jones, MD, FRCP

Consultant Neurologist

Manchester Centre for Clinical Neurosciences

Northern Care Alliance

Honorary Senior Lecturer

University of Manchester

Manchester

UK

利益声明

MJ is the chair of the Association of British Neurologists Education Committee (unpaid position). MJ is a faculty member of an MRCP revision course. MJ has received honoraria from Eisai for educational talks.

Acknowledgements

BMJ Best Practice would like to gratefully acknowledge the previous expert contributors, whose work has been retained in parts of the content:

Fernando D. Goldenberg, MD

Clinical Associate of Neurology

Medical Director, Neuroscience ICU

Director, Neurocritical Care Education

Co-Director, Stroke Center

University of Chicago

Chicago

IL

Raisa C. Martinez, MD

Neurocritical Care Fellow

Department of Neurology

University of Chicago

Chicago

IL

利益声明

FDG and RCM declare that they have no competing interests.

同行评议者

David Werring, FRCP, PhD, FESO

Professor of Clinical Neurology

Head of Research Department, Brain Repair and Rehabilitation

UCL Institute of Neurology

Honorary Consultant Neurologist

National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery

University College Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

North Thames Clinical Research Specialty Lead for Stroke

NIHR Clinical Research Network

London

UK

Disclosures

DW has received honoraria (speaking) from Bayer 2016, 2017, 2018 (talks or debates on intracerebral haemorrhage, atrial fibrillation, dementia) and honoraria (chairing) from Portola and Bayer 2019. DW has received consultancy fees from Bayer (2017; embolic stroke of undetermined source), JFB consulting (2018; PCSK9 inhibitors in stroke), Alnylam (2019; cerebral amyloid angiopathy), Portola (2019, 2020; andexanet alpha). JW was UCL Principle Investigator for NIHR clinical trials NAVIGATE-ESUS (Bayer, 2016-19), B2341002 (Pfizer 2014-2016), Action-2 (Biogen, 2016-19); Chief Investigator for OPTIMAS; steering committee and co-investigator for RESTART, TICH-2.

Peer reviewer acknowledgements

BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.

Disclosures

Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.

References

Our in-house evidence and editorial teams collaborate with international expert contributors and peer reviewers to ensure that we provide access to the most clinically relevant information possible.

Key articles

Greenberg SM, Ziai WC, Cordonnier C, et al. 2022 Guideline for the management of patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage: a guideline from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2022 Jul;53(7):e282-361.Full text  Abstract

Intercollegiate Stroke Working Party. National clinical guideline for stroke for the UK and Ireland. May 2023 [internet publication].Full text

National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Stroke and transient ischaemic attack in over 16s: diagnosis and initial management. Apr 2022 [internet publication].Full text

Royal College of Physicians. National Clinical Guideline for Stroke. Oct 2016 [internet publication].Full text

Reference articles

A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.
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