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最后审阅： 16 Aug 2025
最后更新： 11 Feb 2025

小结

定义

病史和体格检查

关键诊断因素

  • potential exposure to measles
  • unvaccinated/incompletely vaccinated individuals
  • fever
  • cough
  • coryza
  • conjunctivitis
  • Koplik spots
  • maculopapular rash
完整详情

危险因素

  • exposure to measles virus
  • no prior immunization against measles
  • failure to respond to measles vaccine
完整详情

诊断性检查

首要检查

  • measles-specific IgM and IgG serology (ELISA)
完整详情

需考虑的检查

  • acute and convalescent sera for measles-specific IgG
  • measles RNA detection by PCR
  • antigen detection by fluorescent antibody or PCR techniques
  • isolation of virus in tissue culture system
完整详情

治疗流程

急症处理

all patients

撰稿人

作者

Elizabeth Barnett, MD

Professor of Pediatrics

Boston University School of Medicine

Boston Medical Center

Boston

MA

利益声明

EB receives clinical trial funds from Pfizer (COVID, PCV20, and RSV vaccines) and GSK (MMRV vaccine). She receives royalties from Elsevier (Immigrant Medicine), AAP (Nelson's antimicrobial therapy), and honoraria from AAP (Red Book). She participated in an Advisory Board (Sobi, RSV).

同行评议者

Sharon Nachman, MD

Professor of Pediatrics

Division Chief Pediatric Infectious Disease

State University of New York at Stony Brook

Stony Brook

NY

利益声明

SN declares that she has no competing interests.

Linda Nield, MD, FAAP

Professor of Pediatrics

West Virginia University School of Medicine

Morgantown

WV

Divulgaciones

LN is an author of a reference cited in this topic.

Aisha Sethi, MD

Assistant Professor of Medicine

Associate Residency Program Director

University of Chicago

Chicago

IL

Divulgaciones

AS declares that she has no competing interests.

Peer reviewer acknowledgements

BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.

Disclosures

Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.

Referencias

Nuestros equipos internos de evidencia y editoriales colaboran con colaboradores expertos internacionales y revisores pares para garantizar que brindemos acceso a la información más clínicamente relevante posible.

Artículos principales

McLean HQ, Fiebelkorn AP, Temte JL, et al; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Prevention of measles, rubella, congenital rubella syndrome, and mumps, 2013: summary recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). MMWR Recomm Rep. 2013 Jun 14;62(RR-04):1-34.Texto completo  Resumen

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Child and adolescent immunization schedule: recommendations for ages 18 years or younger, United States, 2025. Nov 2024 [internet publication].Texto completo

UK Health Security Agency. Measles: the green book, chapter 21. Dec 2019 [internet publication].Texto completo

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Adult immunization schedule: recommendations for ages 19 years or older, United States, 2025. Nov 2024 [internet publication].Texto completo

Committee on Infectious Diseases, American Academy of Pediatrics. Measles. In: Kimberlin DW, Banerjee R, Barnett ED, et al, eds. Red Book: 2024-2027 Report of the Committee on Infectious Diseases. 33rd ed. Itasca, IL: American Academy of Pediatrics; 2024.Texto completo

Artículos de referencia

Una lista completa de las fuentes a las que se hace referencia en este tema está disponible aquí.

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