Measles infection

McLean HQ, Fiebelkorn AP, Temte JL, et al; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Prevention of measles, rubella, congenital rubella syndrome, and mumps, 2013: summary recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). MMWR Recomm Rep. 2013 Jun 14;62(RR-04):1-34.Full text  Abstract

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Child and adolescent immunization schedule: recommendations for ages 18 years or younger, United States, 2025. Nov 2024 [internet publication].Full text

UK Health Security Agency. Measles: the green book, chapter 21. Dec 2019 [internet publication].Full text

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Adult immunization schedule: recommendations for ages 19 years or older, United States, 2025. Nov 2024 [internet publication].Full text

Committee on Infectious Diseases, American Academy of Pediatrics. Measles. In: Kimberlin DW, Banerjee R, Barnett ED, et al, eds. Red Book: 2024-2027 Report of the Committee on Infectious Diseases. 33rd ed. Itasca, IL: American Academy of Pediatrics; 2024.Full text

1. Cherry JD, Lugo D. Measles virus. In: Feigin and Cherry JD, Demmler-Harrison GJ, Kaplan SL, et al, eds. Feigin and Cherry's textbook of pediatric infectious diseases. 8th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018:1754-70​

2. Measles vaccines: WHO position paper – April 2017. Wkly Epidemiol Rec. 2017 Apr 28;92(17):205-27.Full text  Abstract

3. Gastanaduy P, Haber P, Rota PA, et al. Measles. In: Hall E, Wodi AP, Hamborsky J, et al, eds. CDC Pink Book 2021: Epidemiology and vaccine-preventable diseases. 14th ed. Washington, D.C. Public Health Foundation, 2021Full text

4. Patel MK, Goodson JL, Alexander JP Jr, et al. Progress Toward Regional Measles Elimination - Worldwide, 2000-2019. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2020 Nov 13;69(45):1700-1705.Full text  Abstract

5. Minta AA, Ferrari M, Antoni S, et al. Progress toward regional measles elimination - worldwide, 2000-2021. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2022 Nov 25;71(47):1489-95.Full text  Abstract

6. Kaur G, Danovaro-Holliday MC, Mwinnyaa G, et al. Routine vaccination coverage - worldwide, 2022. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2023 Oct 27;72(43):1155-61.Full text  Abstract

7. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Measles cases and outbreaks. Mar 2024 [internet publication].Full text

8. World Health Organization. Europe observes a 4-fold increase in measles cases in 2017 compared to previous year. February 2018 [internet publication].Full text

9. World Health Organization. Measles in Europe: record number of both sick and immunized. February 2019 [internet publication].Full text

10. World Health Organization. European Region loses ground in effort to eliminate measles. Aug 2019 [internet publication.Full text

11. World Health Organization. A 30-fold rise of measles cases in 2023 in the WHO European region warrants urgent action​. Dec 2023 [internet publication].Full text

12. Hübschen JM, Gouandjika-Vasilache I, Dina J. Measles. Lancet. 2022 Feb 12;399(10325):678-90.Full text  Abstract

13. McLean HQ, Fiebelkorn AP, Temte JL, et al; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Prevention of measles, rubella, congenital rubella syndrome, and mumps, 2013: summary recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). MMWR Recomm Rep. 2013 Jun 14;62(RR-04):1-34.Full text  Abstract

14. Di Pietrantonj C, Rivetti A, Marchione P, et al. Vaccines for measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021 Nov 22;11:CD004407.Full text  Abstract

15. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Child and adolescent immunization schedule: recommendations for ages 18 years or younger, United States, 2025. Nov 2024 [internet publication].Full text

16. Krow-Lucal E, Marin M, Shepersky L, et al. Measles, mumps, rubella vaccine (PRIORIX): recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices - United States, 2022. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2022 Nov 18;71(46):1465-70.Full text  Abstract

17. UK Health Security Agency. Measles: the green book, chapter 21. Dec 2019 [internet publication].Full text

18. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Adult immunization schedule: recommendations for ages 19 years or older, United States, 2025. Nov 2024 [internet publication].Full text

19. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. CDC Yellow Book 2024: health information for international travel. Section 5: travel-associated infections and diseases​ - Rubeola / Measles. May 2023 [internet publication].Full text

20. Hyle EP, Rao SR, Jentes ES, et al. Missed opportunities for measles, mumps, rubella vaccination among departing U.S. adult travelers receiving pretravel health consultations. Ann Intern Med. 2017 Jul 18;167(2):77-84. Abstract

21. Committee on Infectious Diseases, American Academy of Pediatrics. Measles. In: Kimberlin DW, Banerjee R, Barnett ED, et al, eds. Red Book: 2024-2027 Report of the Committee on Infectious Diseases. 33rd ed. Itasca, IL: American Academy of Pediatrics; 2024.Full text

22. Hambidge SJ, Newcomer SR, Narwaney KJ, et al. Timely versus delayed early childhood vaccination and seizures. Pediatrics. 2014 Jun;133(6):e1492-9.Full text  Abstract

23. Klein NP, Lewis E, Fireman B, et al. Safety of measles-containing vaccines in 1-year-old children. Pediatrics. 2015 Feb;135(2):e321-9.Full text  Abstract

24. Scott P, Moss WJ, Gilani Z, et al. Measles vaccination in HIV-infected children: systematic review and meta-analysis of safety and immunogenicity. J Infect Dis. 2011 Jul;204 Suppl 1:S164-78.Full text  Abstract

25. US Department of Health and Human Services. Panel on opportunistic infections in children with and exposed to HIV. Guidelines for the prevention and treatment of opportunistic infections in children with and exposed to HIV. ​Oct 2019 [internet publication].Full text

26. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Practice advisory: management of obstetric-gynecologic patients during a measles outbreak. Mar 2024 [internet publication].Full text

27. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. General best practice guidelines for immunization. Aug 2023 [internet publication].Full text

28. Hviid A, Hansen JV, Frisch M, et al. Measles, mumps, rubella vaccination and autism: A nationwide cohort study. Ann Intern Med. 2019 Apr 16;170(8):513-20.Full text  Abstract

29. Maglione MA, Das L, Raaen L, et al. Safety of vaccines used for routine immunization of U.S. children: a systematic review. Pediatrics. 2014 Aug;134(2):325-37.Full text  Abstract

30. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.​ Measles / Rubeola: 2013 case definition. 2013 [internet publication].Full text

31. Miller JM, Binnicker MJ, Campbell S, et al. Guide to utilization of the microbiology laboratory for diagnosis of infectious diseases: 2024 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) and the American Society for Microbiology (ASM). Clin Infect Dis. 2024 Mar 5:ciae104.Full text  Abstract

32. Helfand RF, Heath JL, Anderson LF, et al. Diagnosis of measles with an IgM capture EIA: the optimal timing of specimen collection after rash onset. J Infect Dis. 1997 Jan;175(1):195-9. Abstract

33. Ratnam S, Tipples G, Head C, et al. Performance of indirect immunoglobulin M (IgM) serology tests and IgM capture assays for laboratory diagnosis of measles. J Clin Microbiol. 2000 Jan;38(1):99-104.Full text  Abstract

34. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Specimen collection, storage, and shipment. Feb 2022 [internet publication].Full text

35. Prymula R, Siegrist CA, Chlibek R, et al. Effect of prophylactic paracetamol administration at time of vaccination on febrile reactions and antibody responses in children: two open-label, randomised controlled trials. Lancet. Lancet. 2009 Oct 17;374(9698):1339-50. Abstract

36. Chen RT, Clark TA, Halperin SA. The yin and yang of paracetamol and paediatric immunisations. Lancet. 2009 Oct 17;374(9698):1305-6. Abstract

37. Imdad A, Mayo-Wilson E, Haykal MR, et al. Vitamin A supplementation for preventing morbidity and mortality in children from six months to five years of age. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2022 Mar 16;3(3):CD008524.Full text  Abstract

38. Hussey GD, Klein M. A randomized, controlled trial of vitamin A in children with severe measles. N Engl J Med. 1990 Jul 19;323(3):160-4. Abstract

39. Yang HM, Mao M, Wan C. Vitamin A for treating measles in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2005;(4):CD001479.Full text  Abstract

40. Ross LA, Kim KS, Mason WH, et al. Successful treatment of disseminated measles in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: consideration of antiviral and passive immunotherapy. Am J Med. 1990 Mar;88(3):313-4. Abstract

41. Public Health Agency of Canada. Canadian immunization guide part 4 - active vaccines: measles vaccine. Sep 2020 [internet publication],Full text

42. World Health Organization.​ Guide for clinical case management and infection prevention and control during a measles outbreak. 2020 [internet publication].Full text

43. Gadroen K, Dodd CN, Masclee GMC, et al. Impact and longevity of measles-associated immune suppression: a matched cohort study using data from the THIN general practice database in the UK. BMJ Open. 2018 Nov 8;8(11):e021465.Full text  Abstract

44. Mina MJ, Kula T, Leng Y, et al. Measles virus infection diminishes preexisting antibodies that offer protection from other pathogens. Science. 2019 Nov 1;366(6465):599-606.Full text  Abstract

45. Campbell H, Andrews N, Brown KE, et al. Review of the effect of measles vaccination on the epidemiology of SSPE. Int J Epidemiol. 2007 Dec;36(6):1334-48.Full text  Abstract

46. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Manual for the surveillance of vaccine-preventable diseases​: chapter 7: measles. May 2019 [internet publication].Full text