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Gastroenterite viral

Última revisão: 11 Dec 2025
Última atualização: 09 Aug 2024

Resumo

Definição

História e exame físico

Principais fatores diagnósticos

  • presença de fatores de risco
  • náuseas
  • vômitos
  • diarreia
  • dor abdominal
Detalhes completos

Outros fatores diagnósticos

  • mal-estar
  • anorexia
  • febre
  • depleção de volume
Detalhes completos

Fatores de risco

  • exposição a alimentos ou fontes de água contaminados
  • contato próximo com pessoas infectadas
  • higiene precária
  • idades extremas
  • Infecção pelo vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV)
  • transplante de órgãos
  • doença crônica
Detalhes completos

Investigações diagnósticas

Primeiras investigações a serem solicitadas

  • diagnóstico clínico
Detalhes completos

Investigações a serem consideradas

  • perfil metabólico básico
  • função renal
  • testes rápidos de antígeno nas fezes
  • reação em cadeia da polimerase via transcriptase reversa (RT-PCR) das fezes ou reação em cadeia da polimerase multiplex
  • coprocultura para identificação de vírus
  • microscopia eletrônica de fezes
  • exame de fezes para cultura, ovos e parasitas
Detalhes completos

Algoritmo de tratamento

AGUDA

depleção de volume leve a moderada

depleção de volume grave

Colaboradores

Autores

Ali Hassoun, MD, FACP, FIDSA, AAHIVS

Infectious Disease Specialist

Alabama Infectious Diseases Center

Huntsville

AL

Declarações

AH declares that he has no competing interests.

Acknowledgements

Dr Ali Hassoun would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Kyle E. Brown, Dr Easwaran Variyam, Dr Robert Schiller, Dr Srikrishna Nagri, and Dr Sury Anand, the previous contributors to this topic.

Disclosures

KEB, EV, RS, SN, and SA declare that they have no competing interests.

Peer reviewers

Alexandre R. Marra, MD

Department of Infectious Diseases

Universidade Federal de São Paulo

São Paulo

Brazil

Disclosures

ARM declares that he has no competing interests.

Peer reviewer acknowledgements

BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.

Disclosures

Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.

References

Our in-house evidence and editorial teams collaborate with international expert contributors and peer reviewers to ensure that we provide access to the most clinically relevant information possible.

Key articles

Shane AL, Mody RK, Crump JA, et al. 2017 Infectious Diseases Society of America clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of infectious diarrhea. Clin Infect Dis. 2017 Nov 29;65(12):e45-80.Full text  Abstract

Farthing M, Salam MA, Lindberg G, et al. Acute diarrhea in adults and children: a global perspective. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2013 Jan;47(1):12-20. Abstract

Reference articles

A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.
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