Summary
Definition
History and exam
Key diagnostic factors
- presença de fatores de risco
- náuseas
- vômitos
- diarreia
- dor abdominal
Other diagnostic factors
- mal-estar
- anorexia
- febre
- depleção de volume
Risk factors
- exposição a alimentos ou fontes de água contaminados
- contato próximo com pessoas infectadas
- higiene precária
- idades extremas
- Infecção pelo vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV)
- transplante de órgãos
- doença crônica
Diagnostic tests
1st tests to order
- diagnóstico clínico
Tests to consider
- perfil metabólico básico
- função renal
- testes rápidos de antígeno nas fezes
- reação em cadeia da polimerase via transcriptase reversa (RT-PCR) das fezes ou reação em cadeia da polimerase multiplex
- coprocultura para identificação de vírus
- microscopia eletrônica de fezes
- exame de fezes para cultura, ovos e parasitas
Treatment algorithm
depleção de volume leve a moderada
depleção de volume grave
Contributors
Authors
Ali Hassoun, MD, FACP, FIDSA, AAHIVS
Infectious Disease Specialist
Alabama Infectious Diseases Center
Huntsville
AL
Disclosures
AH declares that he has no competing interests.
Acknowledgements
Dr Ali Hassoun would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Kyle E. Brown, Dr Easwaran Variyam, Dr Robert Schiller, Dr Srikrishna Nagri, and Dr Sury Anand, the previous contributors to this topic.
Disclosures
KEB, EV, RS, SN, and SA declare that they have no competing interests.
Peer reviewers
Alexandre R. Marra, MD
Department of Infectious Diseases
Universidade Federal de São Paulo
São Paulo
Brazil
Disclosures
ARM declares that he has no competing interests.
Peer reviewer acknowledgements
BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.
Disclosures
Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.
References
Key articles
Shane AL, Mody RK, Crump JA, et al. 2017 Infectious Diseases Society of America clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of infectious diarrhea. Clin Infect Dis. 2017 Nov 29;65(12):e45-80.Full text Abstract
Farthing M, Salam MA, Lindberg G, et al. Acute diarrhea in adults and children: a global perspective. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2013 Jan;47(1):12-20. Abstract
Reference articles
A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.
Differentials
- Gastroenterite bacteriana
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- Infecções por helmintos
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