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Ataque isquêmico transitório

Last reviewed: 24 Sep 2025
Last updated: 29 Jul 2025

Summary

Definition

History and exam

Key diagnostic factors

  • relato de deficit neurológico focal por parte do paciente/cuidador
  • início súbito e breve duração dos sintomas
Full details

Other diagnostic factors

  • história de aterosclerose extracraniana
  • história de doença cardíaca
  • sintomas unilaterais
  • disfasia
  • ataxia, vertigem ou perda do equilíbrio
  • perda de visão ou deficit de campo visual
  • diplopia binocular
  • aumento de pressão arterial (PA) na apresentação
  • ausência de sintomas positivos (agitação, escotoma, espasmo)
  • história familiar ou pessoal de acidente vascular cerebral (AVC) prematuro, aborto espontâneo ou tromboembolismo venoso
  • sopro carotídeo
Full details

Risk factors

  • fibrilação atrial
  • valvopatia
  • estenose da carótida
  • estenose intracraniana
  • insuficiência cardíaca congestiva
  • hipertensão
  • hiperlipidemia
  • diabetes mellitus
  • tabagismo
  • transtornos decorrentes do uso de bebidas alcoólicas
  • idade avançada
  • forame oval patente (FOP)
  • sedentarismo
  • obesidade
  • hipercoagulabilidade
Full details

Diagnostic investigations

1st investigations to order

  • glicose sanguínea
  • perfil bioquímico
  • Hemograma completo
  • tempo de protrombina, razão normalizada internacional (INR) e tempo de tromboplastina parcial (TTP) ativada
  • eletrocardiograma (ECG)
  • ressonância nuclear magnética (RNM) cranioencefálica com difusão
  • perfil lipídico em jejum
Full details

Investigations to consider

  • tomografia computadorizada (TC) de crânio
  • velocidade de hemossedimentação (VHS)
  • monitoramento por Holter/telemetria
  • ecocardiografia ± estudo de bolhas
  • ultrassonografia Doppler das carótidas
  • Angiotomografia
  • angiografia por ressonância magnética (ARM)
  • Doppler transcraniano
  • estudos de hipercoagulabilidade
Full details

Treatment algorithm

ACUTE

ataque isquêmico transitório (AIT) de pequenos vasos

ataque isquêmico transitório (AIT) cardioembólico

estenose de uma artéria intracraniana principal

estenose carotídea extracraniana (com estenose carotídea ≥50%)

valva mecânica ou doença reumática cardíaca em uso de terapia anticoagulante

Contributors

Authors

Jennifer Simpson, MD
Jennifer Simpson

Clinical Professor

Department of Neurology

University of Colorado School of Medicine

Aurora

CO

Disclosures

JS declares that she has no competing interests.

Karen Orjuela, MSCR, FAAN

Assistant Professor

Department of Neurology

University of Colorado School of Medicine

Aurora

CO

Disclosures

KO has received research funding from the Bristol Myers Squibb Foundation and Abbott.

Acknowledgements

Dr Jennifer Simpson and Dr Karen Orjuela wish to gratefully acknowledge Dr Lucia Chen and Dr Ethan Cumbler, previous contributors to this topic.

Disclosures

LC and EC declare that they have no competing interests.

Peer reviewers

Michael S. Phipps, MD, MHS

Associate Professor of Neurology and Epidemiology and Public Health

University of Maryland School of Medicine

MD

Disclosures

MSP declares that he has no competing interests.

Ronan Factora, MD

Staff Physician

Section of Geriatric Medicine

Cleveland Clinic

Cleveland

OH

Disclosures

RF declares that he has no competing interests.

Tony Rudd, MD

Stroke Physician

Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust

Stroke Programme Director

Royal College of Physicians

London

UK

Disclosures

TR declares that he has no competing interests.

Peer reviewer acknowledgements

BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.

Disclosures

Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.

References

Our in-house evidence and editorial teams collaborate with international expert contributors and peer reviewers to ensure that we provide access to the most clinically relevant information possible.

Key articles

Kleindorfer DO, Towfighi A, Chaturvedi S, et al. 2021 Guideline for the prevention of stroke in patients with stroke and transient ischemic attack: a guideline from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2021 Jul;52(7):e364-467.Full text  Abstract

Turan TN, Zaidat OO, Gronseth GS, et al. Stroke prevention in symptomatic large artery intracranial atherosclerosis practice advisory: report of the AAN Guideline Subcommittee. Neurology. 2022 Mar 22;98(12):486-98.Full text  Abstract

Powers WJ, Rabinstein AA, Ackerson T, et al. Guidelines for the early management of patients with acute ischemic stroke: 2019 update to the 2018 guidelines for the early management of acute ischemic stroke: a guideline for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2019 Dec;50(12):e344-418.Full text  Abstract

Reference articles

A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.
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