Resumen
Definition
History and exam
Key diagnostic factors
- presencia de factores de riesgo
- tos aguda o crónica
- fiebre
- disnea
- sibilancia
- crepitaciones
Other diagnostic factors
- Laringoespasmo
Risk factors
- disminución del nivel de consciencia (puntuación <9 en la Escala de Coma de Glasgow)
- mayor gravedad de la enfermedad
- anestesia general
- edad >70 años
- sexo masculino
- traumatismo de cráneo
- enfermedad cerebrovascular
- tubo endotraqueal o cánula de traqueotomía
- disfagia
- complicaciones en las vías respiratorias
- papilla de bario
- enfermedad por reflujo gastroesofágico
- sondas de alimentación
- posición en decúbito supino
- vaciamiento gástrico retrasado
- obesidad
- fármacos que reducen el tono del esfínter esofágico
Diagnostic tests
1st tests to order
- radiografía de tórax
Tests to consider
- tomografía computarizada (TC) de tórax
- broncoscopia con lavado broncoalveolar
- hemograma completo (HC)
- gasometría arterial
- hemocultivo
- Toracocentesis
Treatment algorithm
neumonitis por aspiración de contenido gástrico
neumonitis por aspiración de bario
Contributors
Authors
Augustine Lee, MD
Professor of Medicine
Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine
Mayo Clinic Florida
Jacksonville
FL
Disclosures
AL declares that he has no competing interests.
Spencer Deleveaux, MBBS
Fellow
Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine
Mayo Clinic Florida
Jacksonville
FL
Disclosures
SD declares that he has no competing interests.
Acknowledgements
Dr Augustine Lee and Dr Spencer Deleveaux would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Madison Macht, Dr Kamran Mahmood, Dr Scott Shofer, Dr Septimiu Murgu, and Dr Henri Colt, previous contributors to this topic.
Disclosures
MM, KM, SS, SM, and HC declare they have no competing interests.
Peer reviewers
Andrew Parfitt, MBBS, FFAEM
Clinical Director
Acute Medicine
Associate Medical Director
Consultant Emergency Medicine
Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust
Clinical Lead and Consultant
Accident and Emergency Medicine
St Thomas' Hospital
London
UK
Disclosures
AP declares that he has no competing interests.
Momen M. Wahidi, MD, MBA
Director
Interventional Pulmonology
Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine
Assistant Professor of Medicine
Duke University Medical Center
Durham
NC
Disclosures
MMW declares that he has no competing interests.
References
Key articles
Marik PE. Aspiration pneumonitis and aspiration pneumonia. N Engl J Med. 2001 Mar 1;344(9):665-71. Abstract
Smith Hammond CA, Goldstein LB. Cough and aspiration of food and liquids due to oral-pharyngeal dysphagia: ACCP evidence-based clinical practice guidelines. Chest. 2006 Jan;129(1 suppl):154S-68S.Full text Abstract
American Society of Anesthesiologists. Practice guidelines for preoperative fasting and the use of pharmacologic agents to reduce the risk of pulmonary aspiration: application to healthy patients undergoing elective procedures - an updated report by the American Society of Anesthesiologists task force on preoperative fasting and the use of pharmacologic agents to reduce the risk of pulmonary aspiration. Anesthesiology. 2017 Mar;126(3):376-93.Full text Abstract
Smith I, Kranke P, Murat I, et al. Perioperative fasting in adults and children: guidelines from the European Society of Anaesthesiology. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2011 Aug;28(8):556-69.Full text Abstract
Reference articles
A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.
Differentials
- Síndrome de dificultad respiratoria aguda
- Exacerbación asmática
- Fibrosis quística con exacerbación
More DifferentialsGuidelines
- ACR appropriateness criteria: dysphagia
More GuidelinesLog in or subscribe to access all of BMJ Best Practice
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