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Aspiración aguda

ბოლო მიმოხილვა: 23 Sep 2025
ბოლო განახლება: 25 Mar 2025

小结

定义

病史和体格检查

关键诊断因素

  • presencia de factores de riesgo
  • tos aguda o crónica
  • fiebre
  • disnea
  • sibilancia
  • crepitaciones
完整详情

其他诊断因素

  • Laringoespasmo
完整详情

危险因素

  • disminución del nivel de consciencia (puntuación <9 en la Escala de Coma de Glasgow)
  • mayor gravedad de la enfermedad
  • anestesia general
  • edad >70 años
  • sexo masculino
  • traumatismo de cráneo
  • enfermedad cerebrovascular
  • tubo endotraqueal o cánula de traqueotomía
  • disfagia
  • complicaciones en las vías respiratorias
  • papilla de bario
  • enfermedad por reflujo gastroesofágico
  • sondas de alimentación
  • posición en decúbito supino
  • vaciamiento gástrico retrasado
  • obesidad
  • fármacos que reducen el tono del esfínter esofágico
完整详情

诊断性检查

首要检查

  • radiografía de tórax
完整详情

需考虑的检查

  • tomografía computarizada (TC) de tórax
  • broncoscopia con lavado broncoalveolar
  • hemograma completo (HC)
  • gasometría arterial
  • hemocultivo
  • Toracocentesis
完整详情

治疗流程

急症处理

neumonitis por aspiración de contenido gástrico

neumonitis por aspiración de bario

撰稿人

作者

Augustine Lee, MD

Professor of Medicine

Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine

Mayo Clinic Florida

Jacksonville

FL

利益声明

AL declares that he has no competing interests.

Spencer Deleveaux, MBBS

Fellow

Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine

Mayo Clinic Florida

Jacksonville

FL

利益声明

SD declares that he has no competing interests.

鸣谢

Dr Augustine Lee and Dr Spencer Deleveaux would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Madison Macht, Dr Kamran Mahmood, Dr Scott Shofer, Dr Septimiu Murgu, and Dr Henri Colt, previous contributors to this topic.

利益声明

MM, KM, SS, SM, and HC declare they have no competing interests.

同行评议者

Andrew Parfitt, MBBS, FFAEM

Clinical Director

Acute Medicine

Associate Medical Director

Consultant Emergency Medicine

Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust

Clinical Lead and Consultant

Accident and Emergency Medicine

St Thomas' Hospital

London

UK

利益声明

AP declares that he has no competing interests.

Momen M. Wahidi, MD, MBA

Director

Interventional Pulmonology

Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine

Assistant Professor of Medicine

Duke University Medical Center

Durham

NC

利益声明

MMW declares that he has no competing interests.

Peer reviewer acknowledgements

BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.

Disclosures

Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.

参考文献

Our in-house evidence and editorial teams collaborate with international expert contributors and peer reviewers to ensure that we provide access to the most clinically relevant information possible.

关键文献

Marik PE. Aspiration pneumonitis and aspiration pneumonia. N Engl J Med. 2001 Mar 1;344(9):665-71. 摘要

Smith Hammond CA, Goldstein LB. Cough and aspiration of food and liquids due to oral-pharyngeal dysphagia: ACCP evidence-based clinical practice guidelines. Chest. 2006 Jan;129(1 suppl):154S-68S.全文  摘要

American Society of Anesthesiologists. Practice guidelines for preoperative fasting and the use of pharmacologic agents to reduce the risk of pulmonary aspiration: application to healthy patients undergoing elective procedures - an updated report by the American Society of Anesthesiologists task force on preoperative fasting and the use of pharmacologic agents to reduce the risk of pulmonary aspiration. Anesthesiology. 2017 Mar;126(3):376-93.全文  摘要

Smith I, Kranke P, Murat I, et al. Perioperative fasting in adults and children: guidelines from the European Society of Anaesthesiology. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2011 Aug;28(8):556-69.全文  摘要

参考文献

A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.

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