小结
定义
病史和体格检查
关键诊断因素
- presencia de factores de riesgo
- tos aguda o crónica
- fiebre
- disnea
- sibilancia
- crepitaciones
其他诊断因素
- Laringoespasmo
危险因素
- disminución del nivel de consciencia (puntuación <9 en la Escala de Coma de Glasgow)
- mayor gravedad de la enfermedad
- anestesia general
- edad >70 años
- sexo masculino
- traumatismo de cráneo
- enfermedad cerebrovascular
- tubo endotraqueal o cánula de traqueotomía
- disfagia
- complicaciones en las vías respiratorias
- papilla de bario
- enfermedad por reflujo gastroesofágico
- sondas de alimentación
- posición en decúbito supino
- vaciamiento gástrico retrasado
- obesidad
- fármacos que reducen el tono del esfínter esofágico
诊断性检查
首要检查
- radiografía de tórax
需考虑的检查
- tomografía computarizada (TC) de tórax
- broncoscopia con lavado broncoalveolar
- hemograma completo (HC)
- gasometría arterial
- hemocultivo
- Toracocentesis
治疗流程
neumonitis por aspiración de contenido gástrico
neumonitis por aspiración de bario
撰稿人
作者
Augustine Lee, MD
Professor of Medicine
Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine
Mayo Clinic Florida
Jacksonville
FL
利益声明
AL declares that he has no competing interests.
Spencer Deleveaux, MBBS
Fellow
Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine
Mayo Clinic Florida
Jacksonville
FL
利益声明
SD declares that he has no competing interests.
鸣谢
Dr Augustine Lee and Dr Spencer Deleveaux would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Madison Macht, Dr Kamran Mahmood, Dr Scott Shofer, Dr Septimiu Murgu, and Dr Henri Colt, previous contributors to this topic.
利益声明
MM, KM, SS, SM, and HC declare they have no competing interests.
同行评议者
Andrew Parfitt, MBBS, FFAEM
Clinical Director
Acute Medicine
Associate Medical Director
Consultant Emergency Medicine
Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust
Clinical Lead and Consultant
Accident and Emergency Medicine
St Thomas' Hospital
London
UK
利益声明
AP declares that he has no competing interests.
Momen M. Wahidi, MD, MBA
Director
Interventional Pulmonology
Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine
Assistant Professor of Medicine
Duke University Medical Center
Durham
NC
利益声明
MMW declares that he has no competing interests.
Peer reviewer acknowledgements
BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.
Disclosures
Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.
参考文献
关键文献
Marik PE. Aspiration pneumonitis and aspiration pneumonia. N Engl J Med. 2001 Mar 1;344(9):665-71. 摘要
Smith Hammond CA, Goldstein LB. Cough and aspiration of food and liquids due to oral-pharyngeal dysphagia: ACCP evidence-based clinical practice guidelines. Chest. 2006 Jan;129(1 suppl):154S-68S.全文 摘要
American Society of Anesthesiologists. Practice guidelines for preoperative fasting and the use of pharmacologic agents to reduce the risk of pulmonary aspiration: application to healthy patients undergoing elective procedures - an updated report by the American Society of Anesthesiologists task force on preoperative fasting and the use of pharmacologic agents to reduce the risk of pulmonary aspiration. Anesthesiology. 2017 Mar;126(3):376-93.全文 摘要
Smith I, Kranke P, Murat I, et al. Perioperative fasting in adults and children: guidelines from the European Society of Anaesthesiology. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2011 Aug;28(8):556-69.全文 摘要
参考文献
A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.
鉴别诊断
- Síndrome de dificultad respiratoria aguda
- Exacerbación asmática
- Fibrosis quística con exacerbación
更多 鉴别诊断指南
- ACR appropriateness criteria: dysphagia
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