Neumonía por aspiración

Ao visualizar este tópico em um idioma diferente, você poderá notar algumas diferenças na forma como o conteúdo é estruturado, mas ele ainda refletirá as orientações baseadas em evidências mais recentes.

Evidencia revisada por última vez: 16 Ago 2026
Tema actualizado por última vez: 24 Ago 2023

Resumen

Definición

Anamnesis y examen

Principales factores de diagnóstico

  • presencia de factores de riesgo
  • tos
  • dificultad para respirar
Todos los datos

Otros factores de diagnóstico

  • antecedentes de vómitos
  • taquipnea
  • aliento fétido
  • crepitaciones
  • esputo purulento o espumoso
  • fiebre
  • dolor torácico pleurítico
  • delirio
  • Disminución del apetito
  • movilidad reducida
  • debilitamiento general
Todos los datos

Factores de riesgo

  • disfunción en la deglución
  • deterioro del nivel de conciencia
  • enfermedad gastrointestinal
  • procedimientos anestésicos generales u orofaríngeos
  • edad avanzada
  • tos débil
  • presencia de una sonda de alimentación
  • cánceres de cabeza y cuello
  • politraumatismo
  • posición en decúbito durante la alimentación enteral
  • higiene bucal deficiente
  • Dificultad de aprendizaje
Todos los datos

Pruebas diagnósticas

Primeras pruebas diagnósticas para solicitar

  • radiografía de tórax
  • hemograma completo
  • urea y electrolitos
  • pruebas de función hepática (PFH)
  • proteína C reactiva (PCR)
  • tinción de Gram del esputo
  • cultivo de esputo
Todos los datos

Pruebas diagnósticas que deben considerarse

  • gasometría arterial
  • broncoscopia
Todos los datos

Algoritmo de tratamiento

Agudo

todos los pacientes

Colaboradores

Consejeros especializados

Jonathan Bennett, MD

Honorary Professor of Respiratory Sciences

University of Leicester

Respiratory Consultant

Glenfield Hospital

Leicester

UK

简介

JB is Chair of the British Thoracic Society (BTS). He is also deputy medical director RCP Invited service Reviews, and speaker at National Society (eg., BTS), Primary Care respiratory Society, Society Cardiothoracic Surgeons meetings.

利益声明

JB declares that he has no competing interests.

Claire Vella, MD, MRCP

Clinical Fellow Lung Cancer and Interventional Pulmonology

Glenfield Hospital

Leicester

UK

利益声明

CV declares that she has no competing interests.

鸣谢

BMJ Best Practice would like to gratefully acknowledge the previous expert contributor, whose work has been retained in parts of the content:

Michael J. Lanspa, MD

Adjunct Associate Professor

Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine

Intermountain Medical Center

University of Utah

Salt Lake City

UT

利益声明

MJL declares that he has no competing interests.

同行评议者

David G. Smithard, BSc, MB, MD, FRCP, FRCSLT (Hon)

Visiting Professor

University of Greenwich

Consultant in Elderly Medicine

Queen Elizabeth Hospital

Lewisham and Greenwich NHS Trust

Greenwich

UK

利益声明

DGS declares that he has no competing interests.

Peer reviewer acknowledgements

BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.

Disclosures

Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.

参考文献

Our in-house evidence and editorial teams collaborate with international expert contributors and peer reviewers to ensure that we provide access to the most clinically relevant information possible.

关键文献

Simpson AJ, Allen JL, Chatwin M, et al. BTS clinical statement on aspiration pneumonia. Thorax. 2023 Feb;78(suppl 1):s3-21.全文  摘要

National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Stroke and transient ischaemic attack in over 16s: diagnosis and initial management. April 2022 [internet publication].全文

National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Pneumonia (community-acquired): antimicrobial prescribing. September 2019 [internet publication].全文

National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Pneumonia (hospital-acquired): antimicrobial prescribing. September 2019 [internet publication].全文

参考文献

A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.
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