Pulmonary tuberculosis

Nahid P, Dorman SE, Alipanah N, et al. Official American Thoracic Society/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/Infectious Diseases Society of America clinical practice guidelines: treatment of drug-susceptible tuberculosis. Clin Infect Dis. 2016 Oct 1;63(7):e147-95.Full text  Abstract

Lewinsohn DM, Leonard MK, LoBue PA, et al. Official American Thoracic Society/Infectious Diseases Society of America/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention clinical practice guidelines: diagnosis of tuberculosis in adults and children. Clin Infect Dis. 2017 Jan 15;64(2):e1-33.Full text  Abstract

World Health Organization. WHO consolidated guidelines on tuberculosis: module 5: management of tuberculosis in children and adolescents. Mar 2022 [internet publication].Full text

National Institutes of Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HIV Medicine Association, and Infectious Diseases Society of America. Panel on Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Opportunistic Infections in Adults and Adolescents with HIV. Guidelines for the prevention and treatment of opportunistic infections in adults and adolescents with HIV: mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and disease. 2024 [internet publication].Full text

Nahid P, Mase SR, Migliori GB, et al. Treatment of drug-resistant tuberculosis. An official ATS/CDC/ERS/IDSA clinical practice guideline. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2019 Nov 15;200(10):e93-142.Full text  Abstract

World Health Organization. WHO consolidated guidelines on tuberculosis: module 4: treatment: drug-susceptible tuberculosis treatment. May 2022 [internet publication].Full text

Uthman OA, Okwundu C, Gbenga K, et al. Optimal timing of antiretroviral therapy initiation for HIV-infected adults with newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med. 2015 Jul 7;163(1):32-9. Abstract

World Health Organization. WHO consolidated guidelines on tuberculosis: module 4: treatment: drug-resistant tuberculosis treatment, 2022 update. Dec 2022 [internet publication].Full text

Tuberculosis Trials Consortium. Rifapentine and isoniazid once a week versus rifampicin and isoniazid twice a week for treatment of drug-susceptible pulmonary tuberculosis in HIV-negative patients: a randomised clinical trial. Lancet. 2002 Aug 17;360(9332):528-34. Abstract

American Thoracic Society/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/Infectious Diseases Society of America. Controlling tuberculosis in the United States. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2005 Nov 1;172(9):1169-227.Full text  Abstract

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28. Katelaris AL, Jackson C, Southern J, et al. Effectiveness of BCG vaccination against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in adults: a cross-sectional analysis of a UK-based cohort. J Infect Dis. 2020 Jan 1;221(1):146-55.Full text  Abstract

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30. World Health Organization. WHO consolidated guidelines on tuberculosis: module 5: management of tuberculosis in children and adolescents. Mar 2022 [internet publication].Full text

31. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. CDC Yellow Book 2024: health information for international travel. Section 5: travel-associated infections & diseases - tuberculosis. May 2023 [internet publication].Full text

32. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. CDC Yellow Book 2024: health information for international travel. Section 5: travel-associated infections & diseases - perspectives: testing travelers for mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. May 2023 [internet publication].Full text

33. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Updated guidelines for the use of nucleic acid amplification tests in the diagnosis of tuberculosis. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2009 Jan 16;58(1):7-10.Full text  Abstract

34. World Health Organization. WHO consolidated guidelines on tuberculosis: module 3: diagnosis: rapid diagnostics for tuberculosis detection, 3rd ed. Mar 2024 [internet publication].Full text

35. Zifodya JS, Kreniske JS, Schiller I, et al. Xpert Ultra versus Xpert MTB/RIF for pulmonary tuberculosis and rifampicin resistance in adults with presumptive pulmonary tuberculosis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021 Feb 22;(2):CD009593.Full text  Abstract

36. Shapiro AE, Ross JM, Yao M, et al. Xpert MTB/RIF and Xpert Ultra assays for screening for pulmonary tuberculosis and rifampicin resistance in adults, irrespective of signs or symptoms. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021 Mar 23;(3):CD013694.Full text  Abstract

37. Pillay S, Steingart KR, Davies GR, et al. Xpert MTB/XDR for detection of pulmonary tuberculosis and resistance to isoniazid, fluoroquinolones, ethionamide, and amikacin. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2022 May 18;(5):CD014841.Full text  Abstract

38. Haraka F, Kakolwa M, Schumacher SG, et al. Impact of the diagnostic test Xpert MTB/RIF on patient outcomes for tuberculosis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021 May 6;(5):CD012972.Full text  Abstract

39. Kay AW, Ness T, Verkuijl SE, et al. Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra assay for tuberculosis disease and rifampicin resistance in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2022 Sep 6;(9):CD013359.Full text  Abstract

40. Laursen LL, Dahl VN, Wejse C. Stool testing for pulmonary TB diagnosis in adults. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2022 Jun 1;26(6):516-23. Abstract

41. Bjerrum S, Schiller I, Dendukuri N, et al. Lateral flow urine lipoarabinomannan assay for detecting active tuberculosis in people living with HIV. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019 Oct 21;(10):CD011420.Full text  Abstract

42. Nathavitharana RR, Lederer P, Chaplin M, et al. Impact of diagnostic strategies for tuberculosis using lateral flow urine lipoarabinomannan assay in people living with HIV. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021 Aug 20;(8):CD014641.Full text  Abstract

43. Behr MA, Warren SA, Salamon H, et al. Transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from patients smear-negative for acid-fast bacilli. Lancet. 1999 Feb 6;353(9151):444-9. Abstract

44. Metcalfe JZ, Everett CK, Steingart KR, et al. Interferon-γ release assays for active pulmonary tuberculosis diagnosis in adults in low- and middle-income countries: systematic review and meta-analysis. J Infect Dis. 2011 Nov 15;204 (suppl 4):S1120-9.Full text  Abstract

45. Nolt D, Starke JR. Tuberculosis infection in children and adolescents: testing and treatment. Pediatrics. 2021 Dec 1;148(6):e2021054663.Full text  Abstract

46. Pai M, Zwerling A, Menzies D. Systematic review: T-cell-based assays for the diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection: an update. Ann Intern Med. 2008 Aug 5;149(3):177-84. Abstract

47. Mazurek GH, Jereb J, Vernon A, et al; IGRA Expert Committee; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Updated guidelines for using Interferon Gamma Release Assays to detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection - United States, 2010. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2010 Jun 25;59(RR-5):1-25.Full text  Abstract

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49. World Health Organization. WHO consolidated guidelines on tuberculosis: module 3: diagnosis: tests for TB infection. Sep 2022 [internet publication].Full text

50. Miller LG, Asch SM, Yu EI, et al. A population-based survey of tuberculosis symptoms: how atypical are atypical presentations. Clin Infect Dis. 2000 Feb;30(2):293-9. Abstract

51. Geng E, Kreiswirth B, Burzynski J, et al. Clinical and radiographic correlates of primary and reactivation tuberculosis, a molecular epidemiology study. JAMA. 2005 Jun 8;293(22):2740-5. Abstract

52. Jones BE, Ryu R, Yang Z, et al. Chest radiographic findings in patients with tuberculosis with recent or remote infection. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1997 Oct;156(4 Pt 1):1270-3.Full text  Abstract

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54. Garay SM. Pulmonary tuberculosis. In: Rom WM, Garay SM, eds. Tuberculosis. 2nd ed. New York: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins; 2003:345-94.

55. Pai M, Menzies D. Interferon-release assays: what is their role in the diagnosis of active tuberculosis. Clin Infect Dis. 2007 Jan 1;44(1):74-7. Abstract

56. Dewan PK, Grinsdale J, Kawamura LM. Low sensitivity of a whole-blood interferon-gamma release assay for detection of active tuberculosis. Clin Infect Dis. 2007 Jan 1;44(1):69-73. Abstract

57. Biscione F, Cecchini D, Ambrosioni J, et al. Nocardiosis in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection [in Spanish]. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin. 2005 Aug-Sep;23(7):419-23. Abstract

58. Yildiz O, Doganay M. Actinomycoses and Nocardia pulmonary infections. Curr Opin Pulm Med. 2006 May;12(3):228-34. Abstract

59. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Tuberculosis (TB) (Mycobacterium tuberculosis) 2009 case definition. 2009 [internet publication].Full text

60. World Health Organization. Definitions and reporting framework for tuberculosis - 2013 revision (updated December 2014 and January 2020). Jan 2020 [internet publication].Full text

61. U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Latent tuberculosis infection in adults: screening. May 2023 [internet publication].Full text

62. Sosa LE, Njie GJ, Lobato MN, et al. Tuberculosis screening, testing, and treatment of US health care personnel: recommendations from the National Tuberculosis Controllers Association and CDC, 2019. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2019 May 17;68(19):439-43.Full text  Abstract

63. Vonasek B, Ness T, Takwoingi Y, et al. Screening tests for active pulmonary tuberculosis in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021 Jun 28;(6):CD013693.Full text  Abstract

64. Van't Hoog A, Viney K, Biermann O, et al. Symptom- and chest-radiography screening for active pulmonary tuberculosis in HIV-negative adults and adults with unknown HIV status. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2022 Mar 23;(3):CD010890.Full text  Abstract

65. World Health Organization. WHO consolidated guidelines on tuberculosis: module 2: screening: systematic screening for tuberculosis disease. Mar 2021[internet publication].Full text

66. World Health Organization. WHO consolidated guidelines on tuberculosis: module 1: prevention: tuberculosis preventive treatment. Feb 2020 [internet publication].Full text

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68. National Institutes of Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HIV Medicine Association, and Infectious Diseases Society of America. Panel on Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Opportunistic Infections in Children with and Exposed to HIV. Guidelines for the prevention and treatment of opportunistic infections in children with and exposed to HIV: mycobacterium tuberculosis.​ 2023 [internet publication].Full text

69. Nahid P, Mase SR, Migliori GB, et al. Treatment of drug-resistant tuberculosis. An official ATS/CDC/ERS/IDSA clinical practice guideline. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2019 Nov 15;200(10):e93-142.Full text  Abstract

70. World Health Organization. WHO consolidated guidelines on tuberculosis: module 4: treatment: drug-susceptible tuberculosis treatment. May 2022 [internet publication].Full text

71. Dorman SE, Nahid P, Kurbatova EV, et al. Four-month rifapentine regimens with or without moxifloxacin for tuberculosis. N Engl J Med. 2021 May 6;384(18):1705-18.Full text  Abstract

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76. World Health Organization. WHO consolidated guidelines on tuberculosis: module 4: treatment: tuberculosis care and support. Jul 2022 [internet publication].Full text

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81. World Health Organization. WHO consolidated guidelines on tuberculosis: module 4: treatment: drug-resistant tuberculosis treatment, 2022 update. Dec 2022 [internet publication].Full text

82. World Health Organization. WHO announces updated definitions of extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis. Jan 2021 [internet publication].Full text

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