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新生儿外生殖器性别不明

最后审阅: 21 Oct 2024
最后更新: 04 Apr 2023

小结

定义

病史和体格检查

关键诊断因素

  • 外生殖器性别不明且性腺均不可触及
  • 外生殖器性别不明且有一个性腺可触及
  • 外生殖器性别不明且双侧性腺均可触及
  • 表型为男性的患者阴茎长度小于 2.5 cm
  • 表型为女性者的阴蒂长度大于1 cm
  • 尿道下裂和未降睾丸或阴囊分离
  • 尿道开口位于阴茎基部。
完整详情

其他诊断因素

  • 低血压和呕吐
  • 异常面容特征
完整详情

危险因素

  • 家族史
完整详情

诊断性检查

首要检查

  • 染色体分析(核型)
  • 血清电解质及血糖
  • 盆腔超声检查
完整详情

需考虑的检查

  • 血清 17 羟孕酮
  • 血浆肾素活性
  • 血清 11 去氧皮质醇和 11 去氧皮质酮
  • 血清睾酮
  • 血清二氢睾酮
  • 血清 LH 和卵泡刺激素 (FSH)
  • 促肾上腺皮质激素 (ACTH) 刺激试验
  • 人绒毛膜促性腺激素 (hCG) 刺激试验
  • 抗苗勒管激素(AMH)
  • 尿液类固醇
完整详情

治疗流程

初步治疗

所有表现出外生殖器性别不明的新生儿

急症处理

46,XX:继发于 21 羟化酶缺乏症的先天性肾上腺皮质增生症(就诊时)

46, XY

45, X/46, XY 混合型性腺发育不全

持续性治疗

46,XX:继发于 21 羟化酶缺乏症的先天性肾上腺皮质增生症(性别决定后)

46, XY

45, X/46, XY 混合型性腺发育不全

撰稿人

作者

Justin H Davies, MD, FRCPCH, MRCP

Consultant Paediatric Endocrinologist

Hon. Associate Professor

University of Southampton

Southampton

UK

利益声明

JD is associate editor for the Journal of Paediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism; has travel bursaries from SANDOZ, Kwyo Kyrin, and Novo Nordisk; and has developed educational materials for Kwyo Kyrin. JD completed tenure as chair of the British Society for Paediatric Endocrinology in Nov 2020.

鸣谢

Dr Justin Davies would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Gemma Watts and Dr Ingrid A. Holm, previous contributors to this topic. IAH and GW declare that they have no competing interests.

同行评议者

Paul Saenger, MD, MACE

Professor of Pediatrics

Department of Pediatrics (Endocrinology)

Montefiore Medical Center

Albert Einstein College of Medicine

New York

NY

利益声明

PS declares that he has no competing interests.

Mary M. Lee, MD

Professor of Pediatrics and Cell Biology

Vice-Chair of Academic Affairs in Pediatrics

Pediatric Endocrine Division

UMass Medical School

Worcester

MA

利益声明

MML declares that she has no competing interests.

Patricia Y. Fechner, MD

Associate Professor Pediatrics

Pediatric Endocrinology

University of WA

Medical Director of DSD Program

Seattle Children’s Hospital

Seattle

WA

利益声明

PYF declares that she has no competing interests.

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