小结
定义
病史和体格检查
关键诊断因素
- 外生殖器性别不明且性腺均不可触及
- 外生殖器性别不明且有一个性腺可触及
- 外生殖器性别不明且双侧性腺均可触及
- 表型为男性的患者阴茎长度小于 2.5 cm
- 表型为女性者的阴蒂长度大于1 cm
- 尿道下裂和未降睾丸或阴囊分离
- 尿道开口位于阴茎基部。
其他诊断因素
- 低血压和呕吐
- 异常面容特征
危险因素
- 家族史
诊断性检查
首要检查
- 染色体分析(核型)
- 血清电解质及血糖
- 盆腔超声检查
需考虑的检查
- 血清 17 羟孕酮
- 血浆肾素活性
- 血清 11 去氧皮质醇和 11 去氧皮质酮
- 血清睾酮
- 血清二氢睾酮
- 血清 LH 和卵泡刺激素 (FSH)
- 促肾上腺皮质激素 (ACTH) 刺激试验
- 人绒毛膜促性腺激素 (hCG) 刺激试验
- 抗苗勒管激素(AMH)
- 尿液类固醇
治疗流程
所有表现出外生殖器性别不明的新生儿
46,XX:继发于 21 羟化酶缺乏症的先天性肾上腺皮质增生症(就诊时)
46, XY
45, X/46, XY 混合型性腺发育不全
46,XX:继发于 21 羟化酶缺乏症的先天性肾上腺皮质增生症(性别决定后)
46, XY
45, X/46, XY 混合型性腺发育不全
撰稿人
作者
Justin H Davies, MD, FRCPCH, MRCP
Consultant Paediatric Endocrinologist
Hon. Associate Professor
University of Southampton
Southampton
UK
利益声明
JD is associate editor for the Journal of Paediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism; has travel bursaries from SANDOZ, Kwyo Kyrin, and Novo Nordisk; and has developed educational materials for Kwyo Kyrin. JD completed tenure as chair of the British Society for Paediatric Endocrinology in Nov 2020.
鸣谢
Dr Justin Davies would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Gemma Watts and Dr Ingrid A. Holm, previous contributors to this topic. IAH and GW declare that they have no competing interests.
同行评议者
Paul Saenger, MD, MACE
Professor of Pediatrics
Department of Pediatrics (Endocrinology)
Montefiore Medical Center
Albert Einstein College of Medicine
New York
NY
利益声明
PS declares that he has no competing interests.
Mary M. Lee, MD
Professor of Pediatrics and Cell Biology
Vice-Chair of Academic Affairs in Pediatrics
Pediatric Endocrine Division
UMass Medical School
Worcester
MA
利益声明
MML declares that she has no competing interests.
Patricia Y. Fechner, MD
Associate Professor Pediatrics
Pediatric Endocrinology
University of WA
Medical Director of DSD Program
Seattle Children’s Hospital
Seattle
WA
利益声明
PYF declares that she has no competing interests.
鉴别诊断
- 另一种原因引起的小阴茎
- 单侧睾丸未降(隐睾)
更多 鉴别诊断指南
- 小儿泌尿科学指南
- 英国疑似性发育差异或障碍患者初始评估指导(2021 年修订版)
更多 指南- 登录或订阅即可浏览 BMJ Best Practice 临床实践完整内容
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