შეჯამება
განსაზღვრება
ანამნეზი და გასინჯვა
ძირითადი დიაგნოსტიკური ფაქტორები
- weight loss
- failure to thrive
- vomiting
- hypotension
- atypical genitalia
- hyperpigmentation
სხვა დიაგნოსტიკური ფაქტორები
- short stature
- precocious puberty
- irregular menses
- infertility
- male-pattern baldness (females)
- polycystic ovaries
- hirsutism
- acne
რისკფაქტორები
- genetic predisposition
诊断性检查
首要检查
- serum 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP)
- adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulation test
- serum cortisol
- serum chemistry
- genetic analysis
- karyotype or fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for X and Y chromosome detection
需考虑的检查
- measurement of additional steroids
- plasma renin activity/plasma renin measurement
- pelvic and adrenal ultrasound
治疗流程
during surgery, febrile illness, or other stress
classical CAH form
nonclassical form
撰稿人
作者
Maria Vogiatzi, MD
Professor of Pediatrics
Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes
Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia
Philadelphia
PA
利益声明
MV is a consultant for Spruce Bioscience, Crinetics and Eton Pharmaceuticals and receives research support from Neurocrine Bioscience, Spruce Bioscience, Adrenas Therapeutics and Crinetics Pharmaceuticals lnc.
Marissa J Kilberg, MD, MSEd
Assistant Professor of Pediatrics
Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes
Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia
Philadelphia
PA
利益声明
MK has received consulting fees from Verily, Inc. related to type 1 diabetes. MK receives salary and travel support from the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation as part of the EnVisionIII cohort. MK participates in industry sponsored research but is not the direct recipient of these grants and receives no salary support or travel support from this.
鸣谢
The contributors would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Mabel Yau, Dr Ahmed Kattab, Dr Saroj Nimkarn, Dr Karen Lin-Su, Dr Oksana Lekarev, Dr Maria New, Dr Jessica Kaltman and Dr Adnan Qamar, previous contributors to this topic. MY, AK, SN, JK and AQ declare that they have no competing interests. KLS is medical director of the CARES Foundation and an author of several references cited in this topic. OL is on the Medical Advisory Board of the CARES Foundation. MN is an author of several references cited in this topic.
同行评议者
Richard Auchus, MD, PhD
Professor of Internal Medicine
Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes
University of Michigan
Ann Arbor
MI
利益声明
RA contributed to the Endocrine Society CPG on CAH and has been on the board of directors for the past 3 years. He has conducted CAH-related contracted clinical trials and has consulted for Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Millendo Therapeutics, Spruce Biosciences, Neurocrine Biosciences, and Diurnal Ltd.
Peer reviewer acknowledgements
BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.
Disclosures
Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.
参考文献
关键文献
White PC, Speiser PW. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency. Endocr Rev. 2000 Jun;21(3):245-91.全文 摘要
Merke DP, Auchus RJ. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency. N Engl J Med. 2020 Sep 24;383(13):1248-61. 摘要
Claahsen-van der Grinten HL, Speiser PW, Ahmed SF, et al. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia-current insights in pathophysiology, diagnostics, and management. Endocr Rev. 2022 Jan 12;43(1):91-159.全文 摘要
Speiser PW, Arlt W, Auchus RJ, et al. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to steroid 21-hydroxylase deficiency: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2018 Nov 1;103(11):4043-88.全文 摘要
参考文献
A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.
鉴别诊断
- X-linked adrenal hypoplasia congenita (AHC)
- Genetic causes of primary adrenal insufficiency
- Addison disease
更多 鉴别诊断指南
- Best practice guidelines for molecular genetic testing and reporting of 21-hydroxylase deficiency
- Screening and management of the hyperandrogenic adolescent
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