小结
定义
病史和体格检查
关键诊断因素
- 存在的危险因素
- 睾丸错位或缺如
- 可触及隐睾
- 睾丸不可触及
其他诊断因素
- 睾丸不对称
- 阴囊发育不全或不对称
- 回缩性睾丸
- 上升隐睾
- 尿道下裂
- 小阴茎
- 青春期前/青春期患者的第二性征/青春期征象
- 腹股沟区的手术瘢痕
危险因素
- 隐睾家族史
- 早产
- 低出生体重 (< 2.5 kg) 和/或小于胎龄
- 环境暴露
- 母亲饮酒
- 妊娠期糖尿病
- 既往的腹股沟手术
诊断性检查
首要检查
- 临床诊断
需考虑的检查
- 超声
- 磁共振成像 (MRI)
- 使用人绒毛膜促性腺激素 (hCG) 刺激试验进行激素水平评估
- 使用苗勒管抑制物质 (Mullerian inhibiting substance, MIS)、抑制素 B 和卵泡刺激素 (follicle-stimulating hormone, FSH) 进行激素水平评估
- 染色体核型分析
治疗流程
回缩性睾丸
隐睾:青春期前,无尿道下裂
隐睾:青春期前,伴有尿道下裂
隐睾:青春期后
撰稿人
作者
David J. Chalmers, MD
Pediatric Urology
Maine Medical Center
Portland
ME
利益声明
DJC declares that he has no competing interests.
鸣谢
Dr David J. Chalmers would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Gabriel Belanger, Dr Duncan T. Wilcox, and Dr Nicol Corbin Bush, previous contributors to this topic.
利益声明
DTW and NCB declare that they have no competing interests.
同行评议者
Martin Koyle, MD
Professor Pediatric Urology
Hospital for Sick Children
Toronto
Canada
利益声明
MK declares that he has no competing interests.
Paul J. Turek, MD
Professor of Urology
Endowed Chair
Urologic Education
The University of California
San Francisco
CA
利益声明
PJT declares that he has no competing interests.
Vincent Gnanapragasam, MBBS, BMedSci, PhD, FRCSEng, FRCSEd(Urol)
Lecturer in Uro-oncology and Consultant Urological Surgeon
Department of Urology
Addenbrooke's Hospital
Cambridge
UK
利益声明
VG declares that he has no competing interests.
Jørgen Thorup, MD, PhD
Professor and Head
Department of Pediatric Surgery
Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen
Copenhagen
Denmark
利益声明
JT is an author of a reference cited in this topic.
鉴别诊断
- 性发育差异(DSD)
- 患有先天性肾上腺增生症的女性
更多 鉴别诊断指南
- 小儿泌尿科学指南
- 隐睾症的诊断、治疗和随访
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