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隐睾症

最后审阅: 9 Nov 2024
最后更新: 13 Jul 2022

小结

定义

病史和体格检查

关键诊断因素

  • 存在的危险因素
  • 睾丸错位或缺如
  • 可触及隐睾
  • 睾丸不可触及
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其他诊断因素

  • 睾丸不对称
  • 阴囊发育不全或不对称
  • 回缩性睾丸
  • 上升隐睾
  • 尿道下裂
  • 小阴茎
  • 青春期前/青春期患者的第二性征/青春期征象
  • 腹股沟区的手术瘢痕
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危险因素

  • 隐睾家族史
  • 早产
  • 低出生体重 (< 2.5 kg) 和/或小于胎龄
  • 环境暴露
  • 母亲饮酒
  • 妊娠期糖尿病
  • 既往的腹股沟手术
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诊断性检查

首要检查

  • 临床诊断
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需考虑的检查

  • 超声
  • 磁共振成像 (MRI)
  • 使用人绒毛膜促性腺激素 (hCG) 刺激试验进行激素水平评估
  • 使用苗勒管抑制物质 (Mullerian inhibiting substance, MIS)、抑制素 B 和卵泡刺激素 (follicle-stimulating hormone, FSH) 进行激素水平评估
  • 染色体核型分析
完整详情

治疗流程

急症处理

回缩性睾丸

隐睾:青春期前,无尿道下裂

隐睾:青春期前,伴有尿道下裂

隐睾:青春期后

撰稿人

作者

David J. Chalmers, MD
David J. Chalmers

Pediatric Urology

Maine Medical Center

Portland

ME

利益声明

DJC declares that he has no competing interests.

鸣谢

Dr David J. Chalmers would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Gabriel Belanger, Dr Duncan T. Wilcox, and Dr Nicol Corbin Bush, previous contributors to this topic.

利益声明

DTW and NCB declare that they have no competing interests.

同行评议者

Martin Koyle, MD

Professor Pediatric Urology

Hospital for Sick Children

Toronto

Canada

利益声明

MK declares that he has no competing interests.

Paul J. Turek, MD

Professor of Urology

Endowed Chair

Urologic Education

The University of California

San Francisco

CA

利益声明

PJT declares that he has no competing interests.

Vincent Gnanapragasam, MBBS, BMedSci, PhD, FRCSEng, FRCSEd(Urol)

Lecturer in Uro-oncology and Consultant Urological Surgeon

Department of Urology

Addenbrooke's Hospital

Cambridge

UK

利益声明

VG declares that he has no competing interests.

Jørgen Thorup, MD, PhD

Professor and Head

Department of Pediatric Surgery

Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen

Copenhagen

Denmark

利益声明

JT is an author of a reference cited in this topic.

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