小结
定义
病史和体格检查
关键诊断因素
- 存在的危险因素
- 男性尿道分泌物
- 附睾压痛及/或肿胀
- 宫颈内膜处出现黏液脓性或脓性渗出物
其他诊断因素
- 女性盆腔疼痛
- 男性尿道刺激症状
- 男性排尿困难
- 睾丸压痛和/或肿胀
- 前列腺压痛和/或肿胀
- 肛门瘙痒
- 直肠黏液脓性分泌物
- 直肠痛
- 里急后重
- 直肠出血
- 阴道分泌物
- 宫颈脆弱
- 子宫和附件压痛,或宫颈摇摆痛
- 子宫肿块
- 颈前淋巴结肿大
- 结膜炎
- 发热
- 四肢皮肤病变(丘疹、大疱、瘀斑或坏死病变)
- 多发性关节炎
- 紫癜样皮疹
- 布鲁金斯基氏征和克尼格氏征阳性
- 惊厥
- 脑部症状
- 杂音
- 新生儿眼炎
- 鼻炎
- 尿道炎(婴儿)
- 阴道炎
危险因素
- 年龄 20-24 岁
- 男男性行为者 (MSM)
- 黑人血统
- 当前或既往 STI 史
- 近期多名性伴侣
- 避孕套使用行为模式不一致
- 性伴侣危险因素
- 性虐待或身体虐待史
- 物质使用
- 有被监禁史
- 高发病率社区
诊断性检查
首要检查
- 核酸扩增试验 (NAAT)
- 培养
- 男性尿液分析
- 尿沉渣革兰染色
- 尿道分泌物革兰染色
- HIV 检查
- 梅毒检测
需考虑的检查
- 经阴道超声
- 盆腔 CT/MRI
治疗流程
非妊娠患者,体重 > 45 kg:泌尿生殖道/直肠或咽部感染(排除复杂性泌尿生殖系统感染)
非妊娠患者,体重 > 45 kg:复杂性生殖泌尿道感染
非妊娠患者且体重>45 kg:播散性淋球菌感染
妊娠:单纯性泌尿生殖道/直肠或咽部感染(排除复杂性泌尿生殖系统感染)
妊娠:并发性感染
新生儿
儿童患者,体重 ≤ 45 kg
复发性/耐药性感染:泌尿生殖道/肛门直肠感染或咽炎
撰稿人
作者
Sheldon Morris, MD, MPH
Assistant Professor
Division of Infectious Diseases
Department of Medicine
UCSD Antiviral Research Center
Division of Family Medicine
Department of Family and Preventive Medicine
UCSD La Jolla Family and Sports Medicine
San Diego
CA
利益声明
SM has received research funding via his institution from Merck, Gilead Sciences, National Institutes of Health, California HIV/AIDS Research Program, and California Institute for Regenerative Medicine. He has completed a National Institutes of Health contract for research study on the Visby Medical Sexual Health Test. He holds stock in Bristol Myers Squibb and Pfizer. He is a co-founder of Aspera Biomedicines and a consultant for Primmune Therapeutics. SM is an author of a number of references cited in this topic.
同行评议者
Vani Dandolu, MD, MPH
Associate Professor
Ob/Gyn and Urology
Director
Division of Urogynecology
Associate Residency Program Director
Temple University Hospital
Philadelphia
PA
利益声明
VD declares that he has no competing interests.
Eva Jungmann, FRCP MSc
Consultant in Genitourinary and HIV Medicine
Archway Centre & Mortimer Market Centre
London
UK
利益声明
EJ declares that she has no competing interests.
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