小结
鉴别诊断
撰稿人
作者
Douglas G. Adler, MD, FACG, AGAF, FASGE
Professor of Medicine
Division of Gastroenterology
Department of Internal Medicine
Huntsman Cancer Institute
University of Utah
Salt Lake City
UT
利益声明
DGA has consulted for Boston Scientific Corporation and Merit, who make endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) products. He is also an author of references cited in this topic.
鸣谢
Dr Douglas G. Adler would like to gratefully acknowledge the assistance of Dr Patrick D. Martin.
利益声明
PDM declares that he has no competing interests.
同行评议者
Ned Snyder, MD, FACP
Professor of Medicine
Chief of Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology
University of Texas Medical Branch
Galveston
TX
利益声明
NS declares that he has no competing interests.
David J. Hackam, MD, PhD
Associate Professor of Pediatric Surgery
University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
Pittsburgh
PA
利益声明
DJH declares that he has no competing interests.
Giuseppe Malizia, MD
Consultant Gastroenterologist
Divisione di Gastroenterologia
Ospedale V. Cervello
Palermo
Italy
利益声明
GM declares that he has no competing interests.
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