甲型禽流感 (H5N1) 病毒感染
小结
定义
病史和体格检查
关键诊断因素
- 存在的危险因素
- 咳嗽
- 流感样疾病
- 呼吸困难
- 发热
- 啰音、干啰音
- 喘鸣
- 呼吸音减弱
- 呼吸急促
其他诊断因素
- 腹痛、呕吐、腹泻
- 意识状态改变
- 惊厥
危险因素
- 密切接触受感染鸟类
- 近期前往存在 HPAI-H5N1 病毒感染的国家旅行
- H5N1 环境暴露
- 与感染者密切接触
- 接触 H5N1 病毒的实验室工作人员
诊断性检查
首要检查
- FBC 和分类计数
- 肝功能检查 (LFT)
- 胸部 X 线检查
- 脉搏血氧测定
- 痰液革兰氏染色
- 痰菌培养和血培养
- 逆转录聚合酶链反应 (RT-PCR)
需考虑的检查
- 病毒培养
治疗流程
确诊或拟诊病例的密切接触者
疑似、拟诊或确诊感染
撰稿人
作者
Timothy M. Uyeki, MD, MPH, MPP
Chief Medical Officer
Influenza Division
National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Atlanta
GA
利益声明
TMU declares that he has no competing interests.
鸣谢
Dr Timothy M. Uyeki would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Justin R. Ortiz, a previous contributor to this topic.
利益声明
JRO declares that he has no competing interests.
同行评议者
Waleed Javaid, MD, FACP, FIDSA
Associate Professor
Medical Director of Infection Control
Infectious Disease
Department of Medicine
SUNY Upstate Medical University
Syracuse
NY
利益声明
WJ declares that he has no competing interests.
An De Sutter, MD, PhD
Associate Professor
Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care
Ghent University
Belgium
利益声明
ADS declares that she has no competing interests.
Nayer Khazeni, MD, MS
Assistant Professor
Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine
Associate
Center for Health Policy/Center for Primary Care & Outcomes Research
Stanford University School of Medicine
Stanford
CA
利益声明
NK declares that she has no competing interests.
鉴别诊断
- 2019 冠状病毒病（COVID-19）
- 社区获得性肺炎
- 非典型肺炎
更多 鉴别诊断指南
- 关于在医疗保健机构中照护重症相关性新型甲型流感病毒的确诊病例、拟诊病例以及接受相关检查的病例时控制感染的暂行指南
- 针对严重人类疾病相关或可能导致严重人类疾病的甲型禽流感病毒感染禽鸟接触者的流感抗病毒化学预防临时指南
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