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Avian influenza A (H5N1) virus infection

Última revisión: 17 Aug 2025
Última actualización: 11 Feb 2025

Resumen

Definición

Anamnesis y examen

Principales factores de diagnóstico

  • cough
  • influenza-like illness
  • conjunctivitis
  • dyspnea
  • fever
  • rales, rhonchi
  • wheeze
  • decreased breath sounds
  • tachypnea
Todos los datos

Otros factores de diagnóstico

  • abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea
  • altered mental status
  • seizures
Todos los datos

Factores de riesgo

  • close contact with infected birds or poultry
  • close contact with infected animals or mammals
  • recent travel to a country with H5N1 virus outbreaks
  • environmental exposure to H5N1 virus
  • close contact with infected humans
  • laboratory work with H5N1 virus
Todos los datos

Pruebas diagnósticas

Primeras pruebas diagnósticas para solicitar

  • CBC with differential
  • LFTs
  • chest x-ray
  • pulse oximetry
  • sputum Gram stain
  • sputum and blood bacterial culture
  • real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rtRT-PCR)
Todos los datos

Pruebas diagnósticas que deben considerarse

  • viral culture
Todos los datos

Algoritmo de tratamiento

Inicial

close contact of confirmed or probable case

Agudo

suspected or probable or confirmed infection

Colaboradores

Autores

Timothy M. Uyeki, MD, MPH, MPP

Chief Medical Officer

Influenza Division

National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

Atlanta

GA

Divulgaciones

TMU declares that he is an unpaid member and clinical Chair of the World Health Organization Guidelines Developmental Group: Clinical Management of Influenza Guidelines 2023-2024.

Agradecimientos

Dr Timothy M. Uyeki would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Justin R. Ortiz, a previous contributor to this topic.

Divulgaciones

JRO declares that he has no competing interests.

Revisores por pares

Richard Martinello, MD

Professor

Departments of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics

Yale School of Medicine

New Haven

CT

Раскрытие информации

RM declares that he has no competing interests.

An De Sutter, MD, PhD

Associate Professor

Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care

Ghent University

Belgium

Раскрытие информации

ADS declares that she has no competing interests.

Peer reviewer acknowledgements

BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.

Disclosures

Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.

Список литературы

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Основные статьи

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Interim guidance on the use of antiviral medications for treatment of human infections with novel influenza A viruses associated with severe human disease. Sep 2024 [internet publication].Полный текст

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) virus: interim recommendations for prevention, monitoring, and public health investigations. Dec 2024 [internet publication].Полный текст

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Interim guidance on specimen collection and testing for patients with suspected infection with novel influenza A viruses associated with severe disease or with the potential to cause severe disease in humans. Sep 2024 [internet publication].Полный текст

World Health Organization. Clinical practice guidelines for influenza. Sep 2024 [internet publication].Полный текст

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Interim guidance for follow-up of close contacts of persons infected with novel influenza A viruses associated with severe human disease or with potential to cause severe human disease, and use of antiviral medications for post-exposure prophylaxis. Aug 2024 [internet publication].Полный текст

Статьи, указанные как источники

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