黑棘皮症

是一种可以反映潜在身体状况的良性的皮肤疾病。

大多数情况下与肥胖及高胰岛素血症相关。

一些病例与潜在的恶性肿瘤相关，当没有其他相关证据出现时，通过完整的病史查体和相关的诊断性试验可以研究恶性肿瘤的情况。

除非皮损面积过大或是影响面容美观及潜在疾病的治疗不能使皮损恢复，一般情况下对于皮损本身的治疗都是不必要的。

黑棘皮症（AN）是一种临床表现为对称性、肥厚性、乳头瘤状生长、触之柔软且有过度色素沉着的皮肤疾病，通常出现在皮肤皱褶或摩擦部位。[1]Matsuoka LY, Wortsman J, Goldman J. Acanthosis nigricans. Clin Dermatol. 1993 Jan-Mar;11(1):21-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8339195?tool=bestpractice.com 该病与多种疾病相关，受遗传因素影响的 AN 可能在出生时或儿童早期即发病。[2]Schwartz RA. Acanthosis nigricans. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1994 Jul;31(1):1-19. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8021347?tool=bestpractice.com [3]Curth HO. Classification of acanthosis nigricans. Int J Dermatol. 1976 Oct;15(8):592-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/971978?tool=bestpractice.com [4]Curth HO. Unilateral epidermal nevus resembling acanthosis nigricans. Br J Dermatol. 1976 Oct;95(4):433-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/974030?tool=bestpractice.com [5]Berk DR, Spector EB, Bayliss SJ. Familial acanthosis nigricans due to K650T FGFR3 mutation. Arch Dermatol. 2007 Sep;143(9):1153-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17875876?tool=bestpractice.com [6]Ersoy-Evans S, Sahin S, Mancini AJ, et al. The acanthosis nigricans form of epidermal nevus. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2006 Oct;55(4):696-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17010754?tool=bestpractice.com 但是最为常见的因素还是肥胖和高胰岛素血症状态。[2]Schwartz RA. Acanthosis nigricans. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1994 Jul;31(1):1-19. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8021347?tool=bestpractice.com [7]Brickman WJ, Binns HJ, Jovanovic BD, et al. Acanthosis nigricans: a common finding in overweight youth. Pediatr Dermatol. 2007 Nov-Dec;24(6):601-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18035980?tool=bestpractice.com [8]American Diabetes Association. Type 2 diabetes in children and adolescents. Diabetes Care. 2000 Mar;23(3):381-9. http://care.diabetesjournals.org/cgi/reprint/23/3/381 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10868870?tool=bestpractice.com 肥胖相关 AN 与体重指数持续增加、女性性别、西班牙裔或黑人种族相关。[7]Brickman WJ, Binns HJ, Jovanovic BD, et al. Acanthosis nigricans: a common finding in overweight youth. Pediatr Dermatol. 2007 Nov-Dec;24(6):601-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18035980?tool=bestpractice.com [8]American Diabetes Association. Type 2 diabetes in children and adolescents. Diabetes Care. 2000 Mar;23(3):381-9. http://care.diabetesjournals.org/cgi/reprint/23/3/381 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10868870?tool=bestpractice.com 肿瘤相关的黑棘皮病较为少见，大多与胃腺癌有关，可能也与其他癌症或淋巴瘤相关。[9]Moore RL, Devere TS. Epidermal manifestations of internal malignancy. Dermatol Clin. 2008 Jan;26(1):17-29. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18023768?tool=bestpractice.com [10]Curth HO. Cancer associated with acanthosis nigricans: a review of the literature and report of a case of acanthosis nigricans with cancer of the breast. Arch Surg. 1943 Dec;47(6):517-52.[Figure caption and citation for the preceding image starts]: 一名肥胖的白人女性患者，累及腋下的黑棘皮症由 Melvin Chiu, MD 提供 [Citation ends].[Figure caption and citation for the preceding image starts]: 黑棘皮症累及一位肥胖黑人女性的后背及上臂由 Miguel Gutierrez, MD 提供 [Citation ends].