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Última revisão: 24 Sep 2025
Última atualização: 21 Mar 2025

Resumo

Definition

History and exam

Key diagnostic factors

  • estado não imunizado
  • residência ou viagem a área endêmica
  • diminuição do tônus e da função motora do membro afetado
  • diminuição dos reflexos tendinosos do membro afetado
  • atrofia muscular do membro afetado

Other diagnostic factors

  • idade <36 meses
  • pródromo gastrointestinal
  • febre
  • mal-estar
  • atrofia dos músculos respiratórios e dificuldade respiratória

Risk factors

  • falta de vacinação
  • saneamento precário
  • pobreza
  • área com infecção endêmica
  • imunossupressão

Diagnostic investigations

Investigations to consider

  • culturas virais de fezes, líquido cefalorraquidiano (LCR) ou faringe
  • Reação em cadeia da polimerase e sequenciamento
  • análise do líquido cefalorraquidiano (LCR)
  • anticorpos séricos para poliovírus
  • ressonância nuclear magnética (RNM) da medula espinhal
  • eletromiografia (EMG) do membro afetado

Treatment algorithm

Contributors

Authors

Omar A. Khan, MD, MHS, FAAFP
Omar A. Khan

President and CEO

Delaware Health Sciences Alliance

Physician Leader, Partnerships & Academic Programs

Christiana Care Health System

Associate Professor

Department of Family & Community Medicine

Sidney Kimmel Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University

Newark

DE

Disclosures

OAK is an author of a number of references cited in this topic.

David L. Heymann, MD, DTM&H

Professor of Infectious Disease Epidemiology

London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine

University of London

Head

Centre on Global Health Security - Chatham House

London

UK

Disclosures

DLH is an author of a number of references cited in this topic.

Peer reviewers

Javed M. Gilani, MD, FRCP, FACP

Assistant Clinical Professor

Jefferson Medical College

Philadelphia

PA

Disclosures

JMG declares that he has no competing interests.

Gregory Pappas, MD, PhD

The Nordin M. Thobani Professor and Chairman

Department of Community Health Sciences

Aga Khan University

Karachi

Pakistan

Disclosures

GP declares that he has no competing interests.

Peer reviewer acknowledgements

BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.

Disclosures

Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.

References

Our in-house evidence and editorial teams collaborate with international expert contributors and peer reviewers to ensure that we provide access to the most clinically relevant information possible.

Key articles

Heymann DL, Aylward RB. Eradicating polio. N Engl J Med. 2004 Sep 23;351(13):1275-7. Abstract

Global Polio Eradication Initiative. GPEI Strategy 2022-2026. 2021 [internet publication].Full text

Farbu E, Gilhus NE, Barnes MP, et al. Post-polio syndrome: EFNS guidelines on post-polio syndrome. In: Gilhus NE, Barnes MP, Brainin M, eds. European Handbook of Neurological Management, Volume 1. 2nd ed. West Sussex, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd.; 2011:311-9.

Reference articles

A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available here.

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