Resumo
Definição
História e exame físico
Principais fatores diagnósticos
- presença de fatores de risco
- episódios de olhar perdido ou desatenção
- Crises convulsivas tônico-clônicas
- espasmos musculares breves e arrítmicos
- revirar os olhos
- doença intercorrente
- quedas inexplicadas
Outros fatores diagnósticos
- incontinência
- morder a língua
- fenômenos pós-ictais
- precipitadas por fadiga ou ausência de sono
- precipitadas pela luz ou por ruídos
- atraso do desenvolvimento
- estigmas neurocutâneos
Fatores de risco
- predisposição genética ou história familiar
- insultos pré-natais ou perinatais
- distúrbios metabólicos/neurodegenerativos
- lesão cerebral traumática
- anormalidades estruturais do sistema nervoso central (SNC)
- síndromes neurocutâneas
- história de convulsões febris
- transtorno do espectro autista
- infecção do SNC
Investigações diagnósticas
Primeiras investigações a serem solicitadas
- eletroencefalograma (EEG)
- nível glicêmico
- perfil metabólico básico
- Hemograma completo
- eletrocardiograma (ECG)
Investigações a serem consideradas
- ressonância nuclear magnética (RNM) cranioencefálica
- TC cranioencefálica
- teste genético
Algoritmo de tratamento
convulsões agudas repetitivas (crianças >1 mês de idade)
síndromes epilépticas com início na infância (1 mês a 2 anos)
síndromes epilépticas com início na infância (2-12 anos)
síndromes epilépticas com início em idade variável
síndrome epiléptica não identificada
Colaboradores
Autores
Katherine C. Nickels, MD
Associate Professor, Neurology
EEG Lab Director
Child and Adolescent Neurology Residency Recruitment Chair
Mayo Clinic
Rochester
MN
Declarações
KCN has provided consultation for Takeda, Biocodex, Zogenix, and SEER for which she receives no personal compensation, but compensation was provided to her institution. She provided a chapter to Family Practice Essentials for which she received no personal compensation, but compensation was provided to her institution. She has received compensation for participation in the J. Kiffin Penry Epilepsy mini fellowship programme. She is a member of the Professional Advisory Board for the Epilepsy Foundation of Minnesota. She served on the steering committee and was the steering committee leader for the Pediatric Epilepsy Research Consortium. She has been a speaker at the Child Neurology Society annual conference and Pellock Seminar, International Child Neurology Association, American Academy of Pediatrics annual conference, and American Epilepsy Society annual conference, for which she has not received compensation. She is an author of references cited in this topic.
Agradecimentos
Dr Katherine C. Nickels would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Leena Mewasingh, Dr Alla Nechay, and Dr Ewa Posner, previous contributors to this topic.
Declarações
LM attended educational events hosted by Eisai and Novartis. AN and EP declare that they have no competing interests.
Revisores
Adam L. Hartman, MD
Assistant Professor of Neurology and Pediatrics
Johns Hopkins Hospital
Baltimore
MD
Declarações
AH has received research support from the National Institutes of Health that is greater than 6 figures. ALH's research is funded in part by the National Institutes of Health. He is the co-author of one review that is referenced in this topic.
Roger Weis, MD
Pediatric Neurologist
Kinderneurologisches Zentrum Mainz
Mainz
Germany
Declarações
RW declares that he has no competing interests.
John Stephenson, MA, BM, DM, FRCP, HonFRCPCH
Consultant
Paediatric Neurology Emeritus
Fraser of Allander Neurosciences Unit
Royal Hospital for Sick Children
Honorary Professor in Paediatric Neurology and Senior Research Fellow
Department of Child Health
Division of Developmental Medicine
University of Glasgow
Glasgow
UK
Declarações
JS declares that he has no competing interests.
Anna Basu, BM, BCh, PhD, MA, MRCPCH
Honorary Clinical Lecturer
Paediatric Neurology
Newcastle General Hospital
Newcastle-upon-Tyne
UK
Declarações
AB has previously worked as part of a clinical team with Dr Ewa Posner, a previous contributor to this topic. AB declares that she has no competing interests.
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