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Convulsões generalizadas em crianças

Última revisão: 14 Jul 2024
Última atualização: 18 Jan 2024

Resumo

Definição

História e exame físico

Principais fatores diagnósticos

  • presença de fatores de risco
  • episódios de olhar perdido ou desatenção
  • Crises convulsivas tônico-clônicas
  • espasmos musculares breves e arrítmicos
  • revirar os olhos
  • doença intercorrente
  • quedas inexplicadas
Detalhes completos

Outros fatores diagnósticos

  • incontinência
  • morder a língua
  • fenômenos pós-ictais
  • precipitadas por fadiga ou ausência de sono
  • precipitadas pela luz ou por ruídos
  • atraso do desenvolvimento
  • estigmas neurocutâneos
Detalhes completos

Fatores de risco

  • predisposição genética ou história familiar
  • insultos pré-natais ou perinatais
  • distúrbios metabólicos/neurodegenerativos
  • lesão cerebral traumática
  • anormalidades estruturais do sistema nervoso central (SNC)
  • síndromes neurocutâneas
  • história de convulsões febris
  • transtorno do espectro autista
  • infecção do SNC
Detalhes completos

Investigações diagnósticas

Primeiras investigações a serem solicitadas

  • eletroencefalograma (EEG)
  • nível glicêmico
  • perfil metabólico básico
  • Hemograma completo
  • eletrocardiograma (ECG)
Detalhes completos

Investigações a serem consideradas

  • ressonância nuclear magnética (RNM) cranioencefálica
  • TC cranioencefálica
  • teste genético
Detalhes completos

Algoritmo de tratamento

Aguda

convulsões agudas repetitivas (crianças >1 mês de idade)

Contínua

síndromes epilépticas com início na infância (1 mês a 2 anos)

síndromes epilépticas com início na infância (2-12 anos)

síndromes epilépticas com início em idade variável

síndrome epiléptica não identificada

Colaboradores

Autores

Katherine C. Nickels, MD

Associate Professor, Neurology

EEG Lab Director

Child and Adolescent Neurology Residency Recruitment Chair

Mayo Clinic

Rochester

MN

Declarações

KCN has provided consultation for Takeda, Biocodex, Zogenix, and SEER for which she receives no personal compensation, but compensation was provided to her institution. She provided a chapter to Family Practice Essentials for which she received no personal compensation, but compensation was provided to her institution. She has received compensation for participation in the J. Kiffin Penry Epilepsy mini fellowship programme. She is a member of the Professional Advisory Board for the Epilepsy Foundation of Minnesota. She served on the steering committee and was the steering committee leader for the Pediatric Epilepsy Research Consortium. She has been a speaker at the Child Neurology Society annual conference and Pellock Seminar, International Child Neurology Association, American Academy of Pediatrics annual conference, and American Epilepsy Society annual conference, for which she has not received compensation. She is an author of references cited in this topic.

Agradecimentos

Dr Katherine C. Nickels would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Leena Mewasingh, Dr Alla Nechay, and Dr Ewa Posner, previous contributors to this topic.

Declarações

LM attended educational events hosted by Eisai and Novartis. AN and EP declare that they have no competing interests.

Revisores

Adam L. Hartman, MD

Assistant Professor of Neurology and Pediatrics

Johns Hopkins Hospital

Baltimore

MD

Declarações

AH has received research support from the National Institutes of Health that is greater than 6 figures. ALH's research is funded in part by the National Institutes of Health. He is the co-author of one review that is referenced in this topic.

Roger Weis, MD

Pediatric Neurologist

Kinderneurologisches Zentrum Mainz

Mainz

Germany

Declarações

RW declares that he has no competing interests.

John Stephenson, MA, BM, DM, FRCP, HonFRCPCH

Consultant

Paediatric Neurology Emeritus

Fraser of Allander Neurosciences Unit

Royal Hospital for Sick Children

Honorary Professor in Paediatric Neurology and Senior Research Fellow

Department of Child Health

Division of Developmental Medicine

University of Glasgow

Glasgow

UK

Declarações

JS declares that he has no competing interests.

Anna Basu, BM, BCh, PhD, MA, MRCPCH

Honorary Clinical Lecturer

Paediatric Neurology

Newcastle General Hospital

Newcastle-upon-Tyne

UK

Declarações

AB has previously worked as part of a clinical team with Dr Ewa Posner, a previous contributor to this topic. AB declares that she has no competing interests.

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