Resumo
Definição
História e exame físico
Principais fatores diagnósticos
- presença de fatores de risco
- episódios de olhar perdido ou desatenção
- Crises convulsivas tônico-clônicas
- espasmos musculares breves e arrítmicos
- revirar os olhos
- doença intercorrente
- quedas inexplicadas
Outros fatores diagnósticos
- incontinência
- morder a língua
- fenômenos pós-ictais
- precipitadas por fadiga ou ausência de sono
- precipitadas pela luz ou por ruídos
- atraso do desenvolvimento
- estigmas neurocutâneos
Fatores de risco
- predisposição genética ou história familiar
- insultos pré-natais ou perinatais
- distúrbios metabólicos/neurodegenerativos
- lesão cerebral traumática
- anormalidades estruturais do sistema nervoso central (SNC)
- síndromes neurocutâneas
- história de convulsões febris
- transtorno do espectro autista
- infecção do SNC
Investigações diagnósticas
Primeiras investigações a serem solicitadas
- eletroencefalograma (EEG)
- nível glicêmico
- perfil metabólico básico
- Hemograma completo
- eletrocardiograma (ECG)
Investigações a serem consideradas
- ressonância nuclear magnética (RNM) cranioencefálica
- TC cranioencefálica
- teste genético
Algoritmo de tratamento
convulsões agudas repetitivas (crianças >1 mês de idade)
síndromes epilépticas com início na infância (1 mês a 2 anos)
síndromes epilépticas com início na infância (2-12 anos)
síndromes epilépticas com início em idade variável
síndrome epiléptica não identificada
Colaboradores
Autores
Katherine C. Nickels, MD
Associate Professor, Neurology
EEG Lab Director
Child and Adolescent Neurology Residency Recruitment Chair
Mayo Clinic
Rochester
MN
Declarações
KCN has received travel compensation for attending advisory board meetings for Biocodex, Zogenix/UCB, and Takeda pharmaceuticals and will be receiving compensation for participating in advisory board meeting for Longboard. She receives compensation for participating in the J. Kiffin Penry Epilepsy Education Programs. She received hotel compensation for participating in CME education symposium through Miller Medical Communications, LLC, sponsored by UCB. She has received and will receive hotel compensation for participating in the Jack Pellock Resident on Pediatric Epilepsy Seminar through the Child Neurology Society. She is on the professional advisory board for the Epilepsy Foundation of Minnesota and receives no compensation. She serves as an assistant editor for Epilepsy Currents, for which she has not received compensation. She has participated in research and innovation for SEER medical and receives no compensation or royalties. She is an author of references cited in this topic.
Agradecimentos
Dr Katherine C. Nickels would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Leena Mewasingh, Dr Alla Nechay, and Dr Ewa Posner, previous contributors to this topic.
Declarações
LM attended educational events hosted by Eisai and Novartis. AN and EP declare that they have no competing interests.
Revisores
Adam L. Hartman, MD
Assistant Professor of Neurology and Pediatrics
Johns Hopkins Hospital
Baltimore
MD
Declarações
AH has received research support from the National Institutes of Health that is greater than 6 figures. ALH's research is funded in part by the National Institutes of Health. He is the co-author of one review that is referenced in this topic.
Roger Weis, MD
Pediatric Neurologist
Kinderneurologisches Zentrum Mainz
Mainz
Germany
Declarações
RW declares that he has no competing interests.
John Stephenson, MA, BM, DM, FRCP, HonFRCPCH
Consultant
Paediatric Neurology Emeritus
Fraser of Allander Neurosciences Unit
Royal Hospital for Sick Children
Honorary Professor in Paediatric Neurology and Senior Research Fellow
Department of Child Health
Division of Developmental Medicine
University of Glasgow
Glasgow
UK
Declarações
JS declares that he has no competing interests.
Anna Basu, BM, BCh, PhD, MA, MRCPCH
Honorary Clinical Lecturer
Paediatric Neurology
Newcastle General Hospital
Newcastle-upon-Tyne
UK
Declarações
AB has previously worked as part of a clinical team with Dr Ewa Posner, a previous contributor to this topic. AB declares that she has no competing interests.
Diagnósticos diferenciais
- Convulsões funcionais (crises não epilépticas)
- Episódios de apneia voluntária (apneia expiratória cianótica prolongada)
- Síndrome do QT longo
Mais Diagnósticos diferenciaisDiretrizes
- Epilepsies in children, young people and adults
- International consensus on diagnosis and management of Dravet syndrome
Mais DiretrizesFolhetos informativos para os pacientes
Epilepsy: questions to ask your doctor
Febrile seizures
Mais Folhetos informativos para os pacientesConectar-se ou assinar para acessar todo o BMJ Best Practice
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