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Convulsões generalizadas em crianças

Última revisão: 8 Apr 2025
Última atualização: 14 Mar 2025

Resumo

Definição

História e exame físico

Principais fatores diagnósticos

  • presença de fatores de risco
  • episódios de olhar perdido ou desatenção
  • Crises convulsivas tônico-clônicas
  • espasmos musculares breves e arrítmicos
  • revirar os olhos
  • doença intercorrente
  • quedas inexplicadas
Detalhes completos

Outros fatores diagnósticos

  • incontinência
  • morder a língua
  • fenômenos pós-ictais
  • precipitadas por fadiga ou ausência de sono
  • precipitadas pela luz ou por ruídos
  • atraso do desenvolvimento
  • estigmas neurocutâneos
Detalhes completos

Fatores de risco

  • predisposição genética ou história familiar
  • insultos pré-natais ou perinatais
  • distúrbios metabólicos/neurodegenerativos
  • lesão cerebral traumática
  • anormalidades estruturais do sistema nervoso central (SNC)
  • síndromes neurocutâneas
  • história de convulsões febris
  • transtorno do espectro autista
  • infecção do SNC
Detalhes completos

Investigações diagnósticas

Primeiras investigações a serem solicitadas

  • eletroencefalograma (EEG)
  • nível glicêmico
  • perfil metabólico básico
  • Hemograma completo
  • eletrocardiograma (ECG)
Detalhes completos

Investigações a serem consideradas

  • ressonância nuclear magnética (RNM) cranioencefálica
  • TC cranioencefálica
  • teste genético
Detalhes completos

Algoritmo de tratamento

AGUDA

convulsões agudas repetitivas (crianças >1 mês de idade)

CONTÍNUA

síndromes epilépticas com início na infância (1 mês a 2 anos)

síndromes epilépticas com início na infância (2-12 anos)

síndromes epilépticas com início em idade variável

síndrome epiléptica não identificada

Colaboradores

Autores

Katherine C. Nickels, MD

Associate Professor, Neurology

EEG Lab Director

Child and Adolescent Neurology Residency Recruitment Chair

Mayo Clinic

Rochester

MN

Declarações

KCN has received travel compensation for attending advisory board meetings for Biocodex, Zogenix/UCB, and Takeda pharmaceuticals and will be receiving compensation for participating in advisory board meeting for Longboard. She receives compensation for participating in the J. Kiffin Penry Epilepsy Education Programs. She received hotel compensation for participating in CME education symposium through Miller Medical Communications, LLC, sponsored by UCB. She has received and will receive hotel compensation for participating in the Jack Pellock Resident on Pediatric Epilepsy Seminar through the Child Neurology Society. She is on the professional advisory board for the Epilepsy Foundation of Minnesota and receives no compensation. She serves as an assistant editor for Epilepsy Currents, for which she has not received compensation. She has participated in research and innovation for SEER medical and receives no compensation or royalties. She is an author of references cited in this topic.

Agradecimentos

Dr Katherine C. Nickels would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Leena Mewasingh, Dr Alla Nechay, and Dr Ewa Posner, previous contributors to this topic.

Declarações

LM attended educational events hosted by Eisai and Novartis. AN and EP declare that they have no competing interests.

Revisores

Adam L. Hartman, MD

Assistant Professor of Neurology and Pediatrics

Johns Hopkins Hospital

Baltimore

MD

Declarações

AH has received research support from the National Institutes of Health that is greater than 6 figures. ALH's research is funded in part by the National Institutes of Health. He is the co-author of one review that is referenced in this topic.

Roger Weis, MD

Pediatric Neurologist

Kinderneurologisches Zentrum Mainz

Mainz

Germany

Declarações

RW declares that he has no competing interests.

John Stephenson, MA, BM, DM, FRCP, HonFRCPCH

Consultant

Paediatric Neurology Emeritus

Fraser of Allander Neurosciences Unit

Royal Hospital for Sick Children

Honorary Professor in Paediatric Neurology and Senior Research Fellow

Department of Child Health

Division of Developmental Medicine

University of Glasgow

Glasgow

UK

Declarações

JS declares that he has no competing interests.

Anna Basu, BM, BCh, PhD, MA, MRCPCH

Honorary Clinical Lecturer

Paediatric Neurology

Newcastle General Hospital

Newcastle-upon-Tyne

UK

Declarações

AB has previously worked as part of a clinical team with Dr Ewa Posner, a previous contributor to this topic. AB declares that she has no competing interests.

Referências

Nossas equipes internas de editoria e de evidências trabalham em conjunto com colaboradores internacionais especializados e pares revisores para garantir que forneçamos acesso às informações o mais clinicamente relevantes possível.

Principais artigos

Scheffer IE, Berkovic S, Capovilla G, et al. ILAE classification of the epilepsies: position paper of the ILAE Commission for Classification and Terminology. Epilepsia. 2017 Apr;58(4):512-21.Texto completo  Resumo

Fisher RS, Cross JH, French JA, et al. Operational classification of seizure types by the International League Against Epilepsy: position paper of the ILAE Commission for Classification and Terminology. Epilepsia. 2017 Apr;58(4):522-30.Texto completo  Resumo

Wirrell EC, Nabbout R, Scheffer IE, et al. Methodology for classification and definition of epilepsy syndromes with list of syndromes: report of the ILAE Task Force on Nosology and Definitions. Epilepsia. 2022 Jun;63(6):1333-48.Texto completo  Resumo

Hirsch E, French J, Scheffer IE, et al. ILAE definition of the idiopathic generalized epilepsy syndromes: position statement by the ILAE Task Force on Nosology and Definitions. Epilepsia. 2022 Jun;63(6):1475-99.Texto completo  Resumo

Gaillard WD, Chiron C, Cross JH, et al; ILAE Committee for Neuroimaging, Subcommittee for Pediatric Neuroimaging. Guidelines for imaging infants and children with recent-onset epilepsy. Epilepsia. 2009 Sep;50(9):2147-53.Texto completo  Resumo

American College of Radiology. ACR appropriateness criteria: seizures and epilepsy. 2019 [internet publication].Texto completo

Zuberi SM, Wirrell E, Yozawitz E, et al. ILAE classification and definition of epilepsy syndromes with onset in neonates and infants: position statement by the ILAE Task Force on Nosology and Definitions. Epilepsia. 2022 Jun;63(6):1349-97.Texto completo  Resumo

Specchio N, Wirrell EC, Scheffer IE, et al. International League Against Epilepsy classification and definition of epilepsy syndromes with onset in childhood: position paper by the ILAE Task Force on Nosology and Definitions. Epilepsia. 2022 Jun;63(6):1398-442.Texto completo  Resumo

Kossoff EH, Zupec-Kania BA, Auvin S, et al; Charlie Foundation; Matthew's Friends; Practice Committee of the Child Neurology Society. Optimal clinical management of children receiving dietary therapies for epilepsy: updated recommendations of the International Ketogenic Diet Study Group. Epilepsia Open. 2018 Jun;3(2):175-92.Texto completo  Resumo

Artigos de referência

Uma lista completa das fontes referenciadas neste tópico está disponível para os usuários com acesso total ao BMJ Best Practice.
  • Convulsões generalizadas em crianças images
  • Diagnósticos diferenciais

    • Convulsões funcionais (crises não epilépticas)
    • Episódios de apneia voluntária (apneia expiratória cianótica prolongada)
    • Síndrome do QT longo
    Mais Diagnósticos diferenciais
  • Diretrizes

    • Epilepsies in children, young people and adults
    • International consensus on diagnosis and management of Dravet syndrome
    Mais Diretrizes
  • Folhetos informativos para os pacientes

    Epilepsia: perguntas a fazer ao seu médico

    Convulsões febris

    Mais Folhetos informativos para os pacientes
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