Summary
Definition
Anamnesis y examen
Principales factores de diagnóstico
- palpitações
- frequência de pulso irregular
- fatores de risco
Otros factores de diagnóstico
- dispneia
- hipotensão sintomática
- dor/aperto/desconforto torácico
- fadiga
- ansiedade
- comprometimento cognitivo
- tontura
- poliúria
- ruídos adventícios
- sons cardíacos adicionais
- pressão venosa jugular elevada
- evidência de acidente vascular cerebral (AVC)
- pré-síncope e síncope
Factores de riesgo
- idade mais avançada
- hipertensão
- insuficiência cardíaca
- diabetes mellitus
- apneia obstrutiva do sono
- obesidade
- doença arterial coronariana
- doença valvar
- outras doenças cardíacas
- consumo regular e intenso de bebidas alcoólicas
- cirurgia cardíaca ou torácica
- outras arritmias atriais
- AVC/ataque isquêmico transitório prévio
- hipertireoidismo
- níveis atléticos de atividade física
- Doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica (DPOC)
- tabagismo
Pruebas diagnósticas
Primeras pruebas diagnósticas para solicitar
- eletrocardiograma (ECG)
- Hemograma completo
- coagulograma
- eletrólitos, ureia e creatinina
- função tireoidiana
- radiografia torácica
- ecocardiografia transtorácica (ETT)
Pruebas diagnósticas que deben considerarse
- troponina cardíaca
- gasometria arterial
- proteína C-reativa
- peptídeo natriurético do tipo B (PNB)/fragmento N-terminal do peptídeo natriurético do tipo B (NT-proPNB)
- TFHs
- velocidade de hemossedimentação
- ecocardiografia transesofágica (ETE)
- telemetria para pacientes hospitalizados ou monitoramento por Holter de 24 horas
- angiografia coronariana (TC ou convencional) ou teste ergométrico
- ressonância nuclear magnética cardíaca (RNMC) tardia com contraste de gadolínio
- tomografia computadorizada (TC) cerebral
- ressonância nuclear magnética (RNM) cranioencefálica
- Angiografia pulmonar por tomografia computadorizada (APTC)
Algoritmo de tratamiento
hemodinamicamente instável
hemodinamicamente estável: início <48 horas
hemodinamicamente estável: início ≥48 horas ou incerto
após a estabilização
Colaboradores
Consejeros especializados
Shrilla Banerjee, MD, FRCP
Consultant Interventional Cardiologist
East Surrey Hospital
Surrey and Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust
UK
Divulgaciones
SB has received speaker fees for educational lectures (presentation content was her own) and meeting participation from Menarini, Edwards Lifesciences, Abbott Vascular, and Shockwave IVL. She has also participated in an Advisory Board for Sahajanand Medical Technologies Limited. SB has received travel sponsorship from Biosensors International to attend the PCR meeting in Paris in 2022. She has prepared a manuscript on coronary microvascular dysfunction for Abbott for Cardiovascular News (no royalties).
Agradecimientos
BMJ Best Practice would like to gratefully acknowledge the previous team of expert contributors, whose work is retained in parts of the content:
Arti N. Shah, MS, MD
Director
Cardiac Electrophysiology
Elmhurst Hospital Center
Elmhurst
Assistant Professor of Medicine
Mount Sinai School of Medicine
New York
NY
ANS is an author of a number of references cited in this topic.
Bharat K. Kantharia MD, FRCP, FAHA, FACC, FESC, FHRS
Cardiovascular and Heart Rhythm Consultant
Attending and Consultant Cardiac Electrophysiologist
Mount Sinai Hospitals
New York Methodist Hospital
New York
NY
West Houston Medical Center
Memorial Hermann Hospital
Houston
TX
BKK is an author of a number of references cited in this topic.
Resham Baruah MBBS, BSc, MRCP, PhD
Consultant Cardiologist
Chelsea and Westminster Hospital and the Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Trust
London
UK
RB has received honorarium/speaker fees from Novartis and Boehringer Ingleheim.
Adam D. Hartley MBBS, BSc, MRCP
Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Fellow
Imperial College London
Specialist Registrar in Cardiology
Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust
London
UK
ADH declares that he has no competing interests.
Revisores por pares
Gregory Lip, MD, FRCP, DFM, FACC, FESC, FEHRA
Price-Evans Professor of Cardiovascular Medicine
University of Liverpool
Senior Investigator
National Institute for Health Research
UK
Distinguished Professor
Faculty of Medicine
Aalborg University
Denmark
Adjunct Professor
Yonsei University
Seoul
South Korea
Disclosures
GL is a consultant for Bayer/Janssen, BMS/Pfizer, Medtronic, Boehringer Ingelheim, Novartis, Verseon, and Daiichi-Sankyo. He is a speaker for Bayer, BMS/Pfizer, Medtronic, Boehringer Ingelheim, and Daiichi-Sankyo. No fees are directly received personally. GL is an author of a number of references cited in this topic.
Peer reviewer acknowledgements
BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.
Disclosures
Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.
References
Key articles
Hindricks G, Potpara T, Dagres N, et al. 2020 ESC guidelines for the diagnosis and management of atrial fibrillation developed in collaboration with the European Association of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS). Eur Heart J. 2021 Feb 1;42(5):373-498.Full text Abstract
National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Atrial fibrillation: diagnosis and management. June 2021 [internet publication].Full text
Reference articles
A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.

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