Summary
Definition
History and exam
Key diagnostic factors
- presença de fatores de risco
- icterícia
- dor ou desconforto inespecífico na parte superior do abdome
- perda de peso e anorexia
- dorsalgia
Other diagnostic factors
- Idade 65-74 anos
- esteatorreia
- sede, poliúria, noctúria e perda de peso
- náuseas, vômitos e saciedade precoce
- pancreatite aguda inexplicada
- hepatomegalia
- massa abdominal epigástrica
- sinal de Courvoisier positivo
- petéquia, púrpura, hematoma
- Sinal de Trousseau (tromboflebite migratória)
Risk factors
- tabagismo
- história familiar de câncer de pâncreas
- outras síndromes de câncer hereditário
- pancreatite crônica esporádica
- diabetes mellitus
- obesidade
- fatores alimentares
Diagnostic investigations
1st investigations to order
- tomografia computadorizada (TC) com base em protocolo pancreático
- ultrassonografia abdominal
- TFHs
Investigations to consider
- tempo de protrombina (TP)
- Hemograma completo
- biomarcador de antígeno do câncer (CA) 19-9
- tomografia por emissão de pósitrons
- colangiopancreatografia retrógrada endoscópica (CPRE)
- RNM
- colangiopancreatografia por ressonância magnética
- ultrassonografia endoscópica
- laparoscopia de estadiamento (com ultrassonografia laparoscópica)
- biópsia
Emerging tests
- teste genômico
Treatment algorithm
ressecável (estádios 1 e 2)
doença localmente avançada irressecável (estádio 3)
metastática (estádio 4)
Contributors
Authors
Hemant M. Kocher, MBBS, MS, MD, FRCS
Professor of Liver and Pancreas Surgery
Barts Cancer Institute
Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry
London
UK
Disclosures
HMK is an author of a number of references cited in this topic. HMK has received research grants from Bristol-Myers-Squibb (formerly Celgene) for investigator-initiated clinical trials. HMK has unrestricted educational grants from Meril, Mylan, Medtronics, and Ethicon.
Acknowledgements
Dr Hemant M. Kocher wishes to gratefully acknowledge Dr Fieke E.M. Froeling, a previous contributor to this topic.
Disclosures
FEMF is an author of a reference cited in this topic.
Peer reviewers
Ross Carter, FRCS
Consultant Pancreatic Surgeon
West of Scotland Pancreatic Unit
Glasgow Royal Infirmary
Glasgow
UK
Disclosures
Not disclosed.
Nikhil I. Khushalani, MD
Assistant Professor of Oncology
Roswell Park Cancer Institute
Buffalo
NY
Disclosures
NIK has received funding for the conduction of clinical trials and associated translational studies from Merck, Pfizer, and Astra-Zeneca. NIK has a grant from the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (from research support by Roche).
Peer reviewer acknowledgements
BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.
Disclosures
Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.
References
Key articles
National Comprehensive Cancer Network. NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology: pancreatic adenocarcinoma [internet publication].Full text
Conroy T, Pfeiffer P, Vilgrain V, et al. Pancreatic cancer: ESMO clinical practice guideline for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol. 2023 Nov;34(11):987-1002.Full text Abstract
Sohal DPS, Kennedy EB, Cinar P, et al. Metastatic pancreatic cancer: ASCO guideline update. J Clin Oncol. 2020 Aug 5:JCO2001364.Full text Abstract
Von Hoff DD, Ervin T, Arena FP, et al. Increased survival in pancreatic cancer with nab-paclitaxel plus gemcitabine. N Engl J Med. 2013 Oct 31;369(18):1691-703.Full text Abstract
Conroy T, Desseigne F, Ychou M, et al. FOLFIRINOX versus gemcitabine for metastatic pancreatic cancer. N Engl J Med. 2011 May 12;364(19):1817-25.Full text Abstract
Balaban EP, Mangu PB, Khorana AA, et al. Locally advanced, unresectable pancreatic cancer: American Society of Clinical Oncology clinical practice guideline. J Clin Oncol. 2016 Aug 1;34(22):2654-68.Full text Abstract
Reference articles
A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.
Differentials
- Pancreatite crônica
- Cálculos no ducto biliar
- Carcinoma ampular
More DifferentialsGuidelines
- Suspected cancer: recognition and referral
- Pancreatic cancer in adults: diagnosis and management
More GuidelinesPatient information
Abandono do hábito de fumar
Câncer de pâncreas
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