Resumo
Definição
History and exam
Key diagnostic factors
- presença de fatores de risco
- tosse
- produção de escarro
- estertores, chiado agudo ao inspirar e roncos
- dispneia
- febre
Other diagnostic factors
- fadiga
- hemoptise
- rinossinusite
- perda de peso
- sibilância
- dor torácica pleurítica
- baqueteamento digital
Risk factors
- fibrose cística
- imunodeficiência do hospedeiro
- infecções prévias
- distúrbios congênitos dos brônquios (vias aéreas)
- discinesia ciliar primária
- deficiência de alfa 1-antitripsina
- doença do tecido conjuntivo
- doença inflamatória intestinal
- lesão por inalação ou aspiração
- obstrução brônquica focal
- mulheres brancas, altas, magras, com 60 anos de idade ou mais
- prematuridade
Diagnostic investigations
1st investigations to order
- tomografia computadorizada (TC) de alta resolução do tórax
- radiografia torácica
- Hemograma completo
- cultura de escarro e sensibilidade
- fenótipo e nível sérico de alfa 1-antitripsina
- imunoglobulinas séricas
- teste de cloreto no suor
- fator reumatoide
- teste alérgico cutâneo por puntura ou IgE específico para Aspergillus fumigatus
- anticorpo antivírus da imunodeficiência humana (anti-HIV) sérico
- óxido nítrico nasal
- testes de função pulmonar
Investigations to consider
- teste de discinesia ciliar primária (DCP)
- teste de mutação do gene da proteína reguladora da transmembrana da fibrose cística (CFTR)
- estudo de deglutição
- monitoramento do pH do esôfago
- teste de caminhada de 6 minutos
- teste de tuberculose
- broncoscopia diagnóstica com lavagem broncoalveolar
Treatment algorithm
apresentação inicial
exacerbação aguda: doença subjacente leve a moderada
exacerbação aguda: doença subjacente grave ou ausência de resposta/resistente a antibióticos iniciais
3 ou mais exacerbações por ano, apesar da terapia de manutenção
primeiro ou novo isolamento de Pseudomonas aeruginosa na revisão ambulatorial
Contributors
Authors
Anne E. O'Donnell, MD
Professor of Medicine
Chief, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine
The Nehemiah and Naomi Cohen Chair in Pulmonary Disease Research
Georgetown University Medical Center
Washington
DC
Disclosures
AEOD has received scientific consulting fees from the following companies: Bayer, Xellia, Horizon, Grifols, Insmed, and Electromed. AEOD is the Principal Investigator for trials sponsored by the following companies (research funding provided directly to Georgetown University): Bayer, Insmed, Aradigm, Parion, Zambon. AEOD has been a faculty member at the annual meetings of CHEST (American College of Chest Physicians), the American Thoracic Society, and the European Respiratory Society. AEOD is the author of a reference cited in this topic.
Acknowledgements
Dr Anne E. O'Donnell would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Pamela J. McShane and Dr Sangeeta M. Bhorade, previous contributors to this topic.
Disclosures
PJM and SMB declare that they have no competing interests.
Peer reviewers
Philip W. Ind, BA (Cantab), MB BChir, MA (Cantab), FRCP
Emeritus Professor of Practice (Respiratory Medicine)
National Heart and Lung Institute
Imperial College London
London
UK
Disclosures
PWI declares that he has no competing interests.
Meg Coleman, MBBS, BSc, MRCP
Respiratory Consultant
Honorary Senior Clinical Lecturer
Imperial College Hospitals NHS Trust and National Heart and Lung Institute
London
UK
Disclosures
MC has received honoraria from Pfizer and Gilead for delivering educational sessions.
Amanda Messinger, MD, MS
Assistant Professor
Section of Pediatric Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine
Department of Pediatrics
Children's Hospital Colorado
University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine
Aurora
CO
Disclosures
AM declares that she has no competing interests.
Ware Kuschner, MD
Associate Professor of Medicine
Stanford University
Stanford
Staff Physician
US Department of Veterans Affairs
Palo Alto Health Care System
Palo Alto
CA
Disclosures
WK declares that he has no competing interests.
References
Key articles
Chang AB, Fortescue R, Grimwood K, et al. European Respiratory Society guidelines for the management of children and adolescents with bronchiectasis. Eur Respir J. 2021 Aug;58(2):2002990.Full text Abstract
Hill AT, Sullivan AL, Chalmers JD, et al. British Thoracic Society guideline for bronchiectasis in adults. Thorax. 2019 Jan;74(suppl 1):1-69.Full text Abstract
O'Donnell AE. Bronchiectasis - a clinical review. N Engl J Med. 2022 Aug 11;387(6):533-45. Abstract
Hill AT, Barker AF, Bolser DC, et al. Treating cough due to non-CF and CF bronchiectasis with nonpharmacological airway clearance: CHEST Expert Panel Report. Chest. 2018 Apr;153(4):986-93.Full text Abstract
Polverino E, Goeminne PC, McDonnell MJ, et al. European Respiratory Society guidelines for the management of adult bronchiectasis. Eur Respir J. 2017 Sep 9;50(3):1700629.Full text Abstract
Smith D, Du Rand I, Addy CL, et al. British Thoracic Society guideline for the use of long-term macrolides in adults with respiratory disease. Thorax. 2020 May;75(5):370-404.Full text Abstract
Reference articles
A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.
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