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Bronquiectasia

Última revisão: 21 Jul 2025
Última atualização: 06 Mar 2025

Resumo

Definição

History and exam

Key diagnostic factors

  • presença de fatores de risco
  • tosse
  • produção de escarro
  • estertores, chiado agudo ao inspirar e roncos
  • dispneia
  • febre
Full details

Other diagnostic factors

  • fadiga
  • hemoptise
  • rinossinusite
  • perda de peso
  • sibilância
  • dor torácica pleurítica
  • baqueteamento digital
Full details

Risk factors

  • fibrose cística
  • imunodeficiência do hospedeiro
  • infecções prévias
  • distúrbios congênitos dos brônquios (vias aéreas)
  • discinesia ciliar primária
  • deficiência de alfa 1-antitripsina
  • doença do tecido conjuntivo
  • doença inflamatória intestinal
  • lesão por inalação ou aspiração
  • obstrução brônquica focal
  • mulheres brancas, altas, magras, com 60 anos de idade ou mais
  • prematuridade
Full details

Diagnostic investigations

1st investigations to order

  • tomografia computadorizada (TC) de alta resolução do tórax
  • radiografia torácica
  • Hemograma completo
  • cultura de escarro e sensibilidade
  • fenótipo e nível sérico de alfa 1-antitripsina
  • imunoglobulinas séricas
  • teste de cloreto no suor
  • fator reumatoide
  • teste alérgico cutâneo por puntura ou IgE específico para Aspergillus fumigatus
  • anticorpo antivírus da imunodeficiência humana (anti-HIV) sérico
  • óxido nítrico nasal
  • testes de função pulmonar
Full details

Investigations to consider

  • teste de discinesia ciliar primária (DCP)
  • teste de mutação do gene da proteína reguladora da transmembrana da fibrose cística (CFTR)
  • estudo de deglutição
  • monitoramento do pH do esôfago
  • teste de caminhada de 6 minutos
  • teste de tuberculose
  • broncoscopia diagnóstica com lavagem broncoalveolar
Full details

Treatment algorithm

INITIAL

apresentação inicial

ACUTE

exacerbação aguda: doença subjacente leve a moderada

exacerbação aguda: doença subjacente grave ou ausência de resposta/resistente a antibióticos iniciais

3 ou mais exacerbações por ano, apesar da terapia de manutenção

ONGOING

primeiro ou novo isolamento de Pseudomonas aeruginosa na revisão ambulatorial

Contributors

Authors

Anne E. O'Donnell, MD

Professor of Medicine

Chief, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine

The Nehemiah and Naomi Cohen Chair in Pulmonary Disease Research

Georgetown University Medical Center

Washington

DC

Disclosures

AEOD has received scientific consulting fees from the following companies: Bayer, Xellia, Horizon, Grifols, Insmed, and Electromed. AEOD is the Principal Investigator for trials sponsored by the following companies (research funding provided directly to Georgetown University): Bayer, Insmed, Aradigm, Parion, Zambon. AEOD has been a faculty member at the annual meetings of CHEST (American College of Chest Physicians), the American Thoracic Society, and the European Respiratory Society. AEOD is the author of a reference cited in this topic.

Acknowledgements

Dr Anne E. O'Donnell would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Pamela J. McShane and Dr Sangeeta M. Bhorade, previous contributors to this topic.

Disclosures

PJM and SMB declare that they have no competing interests.

Peer reviewers

Philip W. Ind, BA (Cantab), MB BChir, MA (Cantab), FRCP

Emeritus Professor of Practice (Respiratory Medicine)

National Heart and Lung Institute

Imperial College London

London

UK

Disclosures

PWI declares that he has no competing interests.

Meg Coleman, MBBS, BSc, MRCP

Respiratory Consultant

Honorary Senior Clinical Lecturer

Imperial College Hospitals NHS Trust and National Heart and Lung Institute

London

UK

Disclosures

MC has received honoraria from Pfizer and Gilead for delivering educational sessions.

Amanda Messinger, MD, MS

Assistant Professor

Section of Pediatric Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine

Department of Pediatrics

Children's Hospital Colorado

University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine

Aurora

CO

Disclosures

AM declares that she has no competing interests.

Ware Kuschner, MD

Associate Professor of Medicine

Stanford University

Stanford

Staff Physician

US Department of Veterans Affairs

Palo Alto Health Care System

Palo Alto

CA

Disclosures

WK declares that he has no competing interests.

References

Our in-house evidence and editorial teams collaborate with international expert contributors and peer reviewers to ensure that we provide access to the most clinically relevant information possible.

Key articles

Chang AB, Fortescue R, Grimwood K, et al. European Respiratory Society guidelines for the management of children and adolescents with bronchiectasis. Eur Respir J. 2021 Aug;58(2):2002990.Full text  Abstract

Hill AT, Sullivan AL, Chalmers JD, et al. British Thoracic Society guideline for bronchiectasis in adults. Thorax. 2019 Jan;74(suppl 1):1-69.Full text  Abstract

O'Donnell AE. Bronchiectasis - a clinical review. N Engl J Med. 2022 Aug 11;387(6):533-45. Abstract

Hill AT, Barker AF, Bolser DC, et al. Treating cough due to non-CF and CF bronchiectasis with nonpharmacological airway clearance: CHEST Expert Panel Report. Chest. 2018 Apr;153(4):986-93.Full text  Abstract

Polverino E, Goeminne PC, McDonnell MJ, et al. European Respiratory Society guidelines for the management of adult bronchiectasis. Eur Respir J. 2017 Sep 9;50(3):1700629.Full text  Abstract

Smith D, Du Rand I, Addy CL, et al. British Thoracic Society guideline for the use of long-term macrolides in adults with respiratory disease. Thorax. 2020 May;75(5):370-404.Full text  Abstract

Reference articles

A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.
  • Bronquiectasia images
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  • Guidelines

    • ACR appropriateness criteria: chronic dyspnea - noncardiovascular origin
    • ACR appropriateness criteria: tracheobronchial disease
    More Guidelines
  • Patient information

    Bronquiectasia: o que é?

    Bronquiectasia: quais tratamentos funcionam?

    More Patient information
  • Videos

    Sibilos expiratórios

    Estertores inspiratórios iniciais

    More videos
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