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Preeclampsia

  • Descripción general
  • Teoría
  • Diagnóstico
  • Manejo
  • Seguimiento
  • Recursos
Last reviewed: 22 Jul 2025
Last updated: 06 Mar 2025

Summary

Definition

History and exam

Key diagnostic factors

  • gestación >20 semanas
  • PA sistólica ≥140 mmHg y/o PA diastólica ≥90 mmHg y previamente normotensa
  • cefalea
  • dolor abdominal superior
Full details

Other diagnostic factors

  • movimiento fetal reducido
  • retraso del crecimiento fetal
  • edema
  • alteraciones visuales
  • convulsiones
  • dificultad para respirar
  • oliguria
  • hiperreflexia con clonus sostenido.
Full details

Risk factors

  • nuliparidad
  • preeclampsia en un embarazo anterior
  • antecedentes familiares de preeclampsia
  • índice de masa corporal (IMC) >30
  • edad materna >40 años
  • gestaciones múltiples
  • subfertilidad
  • hipertensión gestacional
  • diabetes preexistente
  • migraña
  • síndrome del ovario poliquístico (SOPQ)
  • enfermedad autoinmune
  • nefropatía
  • enfermedad cardiovascular preexistente e hipertensión crónica
  • intervalo de ≥10 años desde el embarazo anterior
  • residencia a gran altura
  • hipotiroidismo.
Full details

Diagnostic investigations

1st investigations to order

  • análisis de orina
  • ultrasonido fetal
  • velocimetría Doppler de la arteria umbilical
  • evaluación del líquido amniótico
  • cardiotocografía fetal
  • hemograma completo (HC)
  • pruebas de función hepática
  • creatinina sérica
  • factor de crecimiento placentario
Full details

Investigations to consider

  • cribado de coagulación
Full details

Treatment algorithm

ACUTE

antes del parto

ONGOING

después del parto

Contributors

Authors

James J. Walker, MD, FRCPS (Glas), FRCP (Edin), FRCOG
James J. Walker

Clinical Director

Maternity Investigation Team

Healthcare Services Investigation Branch

Hampshire

UK

Disclosures

JJW is Honorary President of the Baby Lifeline Training Company and Honorary Medical Director of Action on Pre-eclampsia. He lectures and teaches on pre-eclampsia and maternal safety both nationally and internationally, and is the author of national and local reports into safety investigations for the Healthcare Services Investigation Branch and national and local bodies as Clinical Director.

Lara Morley, MBCHB, BSc, PgCert, PhD, MRCOG, FHEA

NIHR-Clinical Lecturer and Subspecialty Trainee in Reproductive Medicine and Surgery

Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine

University of Leeds

Leeds

UK

Disclosures

LM declares that she has no competing interests.

Jacqueline Clarke, MBBS, PgG Cert, MRCOG, PG Cert

Consultant Obstetrician

Leeds Teaching Hospitals Trust

Leeds

UK

Disclosures

JC declares that she has no competing interests.

Peer reviewers

Thomas R. Easterling, MD

Professor

Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology

University of Washington

Seattle

WA

Disclosures

TRE declares that he has no competing interests.

Andrew Shennan, MBBS, MD FRCOG

Professor of Obstetrics

Maternal and Fetal Research Unit

St Thomas' Hospital

King's College London

London

UK

Declarações

Not disclosed.

Referências

Nossas equipes internas de editoria e de evidências trabalham em conjunto com colaboradores internacionais especializados e pares revisores para garantir que forneçamos acesso às informações o mais clinicamente relevantes possível.

Principais artigos

American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Practice bulletin no. 222: gestational hypertension and preeclampsia. Jun 2020 [internet publication].Texto completo

Magee LA, Brown MA, Hall DR, et al. The 2021 International Society for the Study of Hypertension in Pregnancy classification, diagnosis & management recommendations for international practice. Pregnancy Hypertens. 2022 Mar;27:148-69. Resumo

National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Hypertension in pregnancy: diagnosis and management. Apr 2023 [internet publication].Texto completo

Poon LC, Shennan A, Hyett JA, et al. The International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) initiative on pre-eclampsia: a pragmatic guide for first-trimester screening and prevention. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2019 May;145 Suppl 1:1-33.Texto completo  Resumo

National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. PLGF-based testing to help diagnose suspected preterm pre-eclampsia. Jul 2022 [internet publication].Texto completo

Artigos de referência

Uma lista completa das fontes referenciadas neste tópico está disponível para os usuários com acesso total ao BMJ Best Practice.
  • Preeclampsia images

  • Diagnósticos diferenciais

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    • Hipertensión gestacional
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  • Diretrizes

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    • Hypertension in pregnancy: diagnosis and management
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    Preeclampsia: Preguntas que debe hacer a su médico.

    Preeclampsia: ¿Qué es?

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