Cuando vea este tema en otro idioma, podría notar algunas diferencias en la estructura del contenido, pero aún refleja las últimas orientaciones basadas en la evidencia.

Evidence last reviewed: 18 Jul 2026
Topic last updated: 31 Jul 2026

Summary

Definition

History and exam

Key diagnostic factors

  • gestación >20 semanas
  • dolor y sensibilidad en la zona epigástrica y en el cuadrante superior derecho
  • náuseas y vómitos
  • hipertensión y proteinuria
  • edema
  • reflejos osteotendinosos aumentados
Full details

Other diagnostic factors

  • malestar general
  • cefalea
  • alteraciones visuales
  • ictericia
  • sangrado
Full details

Risk factors

  • edad materna >35 años
  • obesidad
  • hipertensión crónica
  • diabetes mellitus
  • migraña
  • embarazo anterior con síndrome de HELLP o preeclampsia prematura
  • embarazo múltiple
Full details

Diagnostic investigations

1st investigations to order

  • Hemograma completo con fórmula leucocitaria, incluidas las plaquetas
  • nivel total de lactato deshidrogenasa (LDH) sérica
  • niveles de transaminasas hepáticas
  • niveles de bilirrubina
  • análisis de orina y cociente proteína/creatinina
Full details

Investigations to consider

  • frotis de sangre periférica
  • nivel de haptoglobina
  • aumento del nivel de ácido úrico
  • nivel de fibrinógeno
  • tiempo de protrombina (TP)/TTP
  • nivel de glucosa sérica
  • niveles de creatinina sérica y electrolitos
  • nivel de antitrombina
  • Relación entre la LDH y la aspartato aminotransferasa (AST)
  • ultrasonido abdominal superior de la madre, TC o IRM
  • ultrasonido fetal
Full details

Treatment algorithm

INITIAL

sospecha o presunción de síndrome de HELLP

ACUTE

síndrome de HELLP confirmado

Contributors

Authors

Judette Louis, MD, MPH

James Ingram Professor and Chair

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology

Morsani College of Medicine

University of South Florida

Tampa, FL

Disclosures

JML has received research funding from Roche Diagnostics for preeclampsia research and Janssen Pharmaceuticals for consultative work.

Acknowledgements

We would like to gratefully acknowledge the late Dr James N. Martin Jr (Professor Emeritus of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Maternal-Fetal Medicine at the University of Mississippi Medical Center) for his previous contribution to this topic. Dr Judette Louis would also like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Marium G. Holland and Dr Alex C. Vidaeff, the previous contributors to this topic.

Disclosures

MGH declares that she has no competing interests. ACV is an author of a number of references cited in this topic.

Peer reviewers

Jerome Yankowitz, MD

Professor and Director

Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology

University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics

Iowa City, IA

Disclosures

JY declares that he has no competing interests.

Deirdre Murphy, MD, MRCOG

Professor of Obstetrics

Trinity College

University of Dublin

Consultant Obstetrician

Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital

Dublin

Ireland

Disclosures

DM declares that she has no competing interests.

Peer reviewer acknowledgements

BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.

Disclosures

Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.

References

Our in-house evidence and editorial teams collaborate with international expert contributors and peer reviewers to ensure that we provide access to the most clinically relevant information possible.

Key articles

Martin JN Jr, Rinehart BK, May WL, et al. The spectrum of severe preeclampsia: comparative analysis by HELLP (hemolysis, elevated liver enzyme levels, and low platelet count) syndrome classification. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1999 Jun;180(6 Pt 1):1373-84. Abstract

American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. ACOG practice bulletin no. 222: gestational hypertension and preeclampsia. Jun 2020 [internet publication].Full text

Martin JN Jr, Blake PG, Perry KG Jr, et al. The natural history of HELLP syndrome: patterns of disease progression and regression. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1991 Jun;164(6 Pt 1):1500-9; discussion 1509-13. Abstract

Sibai BM. Diagnosis and management of gestational hypertension and preeclampsia. Obstet Gynecol. 2003 Jul;102(1):181-92. Abstract

Martin JN Jr, Brewer JM, Wallace K, et al. Hellp syndrome and composite major maternal morbidity: importance of Mississippi classification system. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2013 Aug;26(12):1201-6. Abstract

Reference articles

A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.
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