When viewing this topic in a different language, you may notice some differences in the way the content is structured, but it still reflects the latest evidence-based guidance.

Последний просмотренный: 15 Nov 2025
Last updated: 11 Mar 2025

Резюме

Определение

Анамнез и осмотр

Ключевые диагностические факторы

  • náuseas y vómitos
  • hipertensión
  • reflejos osteotendinosos aumentados
Полная информация

Другие диагностические факторы

  • dolor y sensibilidad en el cuadrante superior derecho/epigástrico
  • malestar general
  • cefalea
  • edema
  • alteraciones visuales
  • ictericia
  • sangrado
Полная информация

Факторы риска

  • raza blanca
  • edad materna >35 años
  • obesidad
  • hipertensión crónica
  • diabetes mellitus
  • trastornos autoinmunitarios
  • migraña
  • gestación múltiple
  • placentación anormal (p. ej., embarazo molar)
  • embarazo previo con preeclampsia con o sin síndrome HELLP
Полная информация

Диагностические исследования

Исследования, которые показаны в первую очередь

  • hemograma completo (HC) con diferencial, incluidas plaquetas
  • frotis de sangre periférica
  • transaminasas hepáticas
  • nivel de bilirrubina
  • nivel total de lactato deshidrogenasa (LDH) sérica
  • aumento del nivel de ácido úrico
  • análisis de orina y cociente proteína/creatinina
  • tiempo de protrombina (TP)/tiempo de tromboplastina parcial (TTP)
  • nivel de fibrinógeno
  • ultrasonido fetal
Полная информация

Исследования, проведение которых нужно рассмотреть

  • nivel de glucosa sérica
  • niveles de creatinina sérica y electrolitos
  • nivel de antitrombina
  • nivel de haptoglobina
  • ultrasonido, tomografía computarizada (TC) o imagen por resonancia magnética (IRM) de la parte superior del abdomen materno
  • relación entre la lactato deshidrogenasa (LDH) y la aspartato aminotransferasa (AST)
Полная информация

Алгоритм лечения

Начальные

síndrome HELLP presunto/sospechado

Острый

todas las pacientes (HELLP confirmado)

Составители

Авторы

James N. Martin, Jr, MD, FACOG, FAGOS, FAHA, F(H)RCOG

Professor Emeritus of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Maternal-Fetal Medicine

University of Mississippi Medical Center

Jackson

MI

Раскрытие информации

JNM Jr is an obstetrician-gynaecologist and maternal-fetal medicine consultant to BlueCross & BlueShield of Mississippi and the Mississippi Perinatal Quality Collaborative. He is co-director of the Mississippi Maternal Mortality Review Committee. He serves on the Global Operations Advisory Group of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG), and in 2018-9 he chaired the ACOG Presidential Task Force on Pregnancy and Heart Disease. JNM Jr lectures, teaches, researches, and speaks nationally and internationally on the subjects of hypertensive complications of pregnancy, including HELLP syndrome. He is also the lead author and editor of 'The 2015 compendium for HELLP syndrome: from bench to bedside' (Nova Biomedical Publishers). JNM Jr is an author of several references cited in this topic. He has cited his own papers in this topic.

Выражение благодарностей

Dr James N. Martin Jr would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Marium G. Holland and Dr Alex C. Vidaeff, the previous contributors to this topic.

Раскрытие информации

MGH declares that she has no competing interests. ACV is an author of a number of references cited in this topic.

Рецензенты

Jerome Yankowitz, MD

Professor and Director

Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology

University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics

Iowa City

IA

Раскрытие информации

JY declares that he has no competing interests.

Deirdre Murphy, MD, MRCOG

Professor of Obstetrics

Trinity College

University of Dublin

Consultant Obstetrician

Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital

Dublin

Ireland

Раскрытие информации

DM declares that she has no competing interests.

Peer reviewer acknowledgements

BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.

Disclosures

Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.

Список литературы

Our in-house evidence and editorial teams collaborate with international expert contributors and peer reviewers to ensure that we provide access to the most clinically relevant information possible.

Основные статьи

Martin JN Jr, Blake PG, Perry KG Jr, et al. The natural history of HELLP syndrome: patterns of disease progression and regression. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1991 Jun;164(6 Pt 1):1500-9; discussion 1509-13. Аннотация

Martin JN Jr, Brewer JM, Wallace K, et al. Hellp syndrome and composite major maternal morbidity: importance of Mississippi classification system. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2013 Aug;26(12):1201-6. Аннотация

Martin JN Jr, Rinehart BK, May WL, et al. The spectrum of severe preeclampsia: comparative analysis by HELLP (hemolysis, elevated liver enzyme levels, and low platelet count) syndrome classification. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1999 Jun;180(6 Pt 1):1373-84. Аннотация

American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. ACOG practice bulletin no. 222: gestational hypertension and preeclampsia. Jun 2020 [internet publication].Полный текст

Sibai BM. Diagnosis and management of gestational hypertension and preeclampsia. Obstet Gynecol. 2003 Jul;102(1):181-92. Аннотация

Martin JN Jr, Owens MY. Preeclampsia-eclampsia y syndrome de HELLP. In: Romero Arauz JF, Tena Alavez G, Jimenez Solis GA, eds. Preeclampsia - enfermedades hipertensivas del embarazo [in Spanish]. Mexico: McGraw Hill; 2012.

Sibai BL, Ramadan MK, Chari RS, et al. Pregnancies complicated by HELLP syndrome (hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets): subsequent pregnancy outcome and long-term prognosis. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1995 Jan;172(1 Pt 1):125-9. Аннотация

Duley L, Meher S, Hunter KE, et al. Antiplatelet agents for preventing pre-eclampsia and its complications. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019 Oct 30;2019(10):CD004659.Полный текст  Аннотация

Martin JN Jr, Owens MY, Keiser SD, et al. Standardized Mississippi Protocol treatment of 190 patients with HELLP syndrome: slowing disease progression and preventing new major maternal morbidity. Hypertens Pregnancy. 2012;31(1):79-90. Аннотация

Martin JN Jr. Milestones in the quest for best management of patients with HELLP syndrome (microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, hepatic dysfunction, thrombocytopenia). Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2013 Jun;121(3):202-7. Аннотация

Martin JN Jr, Thigpen BD, Moore RC, et al. Stroke and severe preeclampsia and eclampsia: a paradigm shift focusing on systolic blood pressure. Obstet Gynecol. 2005 Feb;105(2):246-54. Аннотация

Sibai BM. Diagnosis, controversies, and management of the syndrome of hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelet count. Obstet Gynecol. 2004 May;103(5 Pt 1):981-91. Аннотация

O'Brien JM, Barton JR. Controversies with the diagnosis and management of HELLP syndrome. Clin Obstet Gynecol. 2005 Jun;48(2):460-77. Аннотация

Статьи, указанные как источники

A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.

Использование этого контента попадает под действие нашего заявления об отказе от ответственности