Accidente cerebrovascular por hemorragia intracerebral espontánea

When viewing this topic in a different language, you may notice some differences in the way the content is structured, but it still reflects the latest evidence-based guidance.

Последний просмотренный: 12 Feb 2026
Last updated: 15 Mar 2024

Резюме

Определение

Анамнез и осмотр

Ключевые диагностические факторы

  • debilidad unilateral o parálisis en la cara, el brazo o la pierna
  • pérdida sensorial (entumecimiento)
  • disfasia
  • disartría
  • alteración visual
  • fotofobia
  • cefalea
  • ataxia
  • Factores de riesgo
Полная информация

Другие диагностические факторы

  • vértigo
  • náuseas y vómitos
  • disminución del nivel de conciencia/coma
  • confusión
  • paresia de la mirada
Полная информация

Факторы риска

  • hipertensión
  • edad avanzada
  • sexo masculino
  • Asiático, negro y/o latino/hispano
  • consumo excesivo de alcohol
  • simpaticomiméticos ilegales
  • antecedentes familiares de hemorragia intracerebral
  • hemofilia
  • angiopatía amiloide cerebral
  • anemia falciforme
  • mutaciones autosómicas dominantes en el gen COL4A1
  • telangiectasia hemorrágica hereditaria
  • mutaciones autosómicas dominantes en el gen KRIT1, el gen CCM2 o el gen PDCD10
  • anticoagulación
  • malformaciones vasculares
  • enfermedad de Moyamoya
  • embarazo
  • tabaquismo
  • antiinflamatorios no esteroideos (AINE)
  • apnea obstructiva del sueño
  • diabetes mellitus
  • simpaticomiméticos
  • vasculitis cerebral
  • trombocitopenia
  • leucemia
Полная информация

Диагностические исследования

Исследования, которые показаны в первую очередь

  • tomografía computarizada (TC) de cabeza sin contraste.
  • glucosa sérica
  • electrolitos séricos
  • urea y creatinina séricas
  • pruebas de función hepática
  • hemograma completo (HC)
  • prueba de coagulación
  • electrocardiograma (ECG)
Полная информация

Исследования, проведение которых нужно рассмотреть

  • cribado toxicológico en suero
  • Angiografía por TC (ATC) o angiografía por resonancia magnética (ARM) de la cabeza
  • Venografía por tomografía computarizada (TC) o venografía por resonancia magnética (VRM) de la cabeza
  • Angiografía cerebral intraarterial
Полная информация

Алгоритм лечения

Начальные

sospecha de hemorragia intracerebral

Острый

hemorragia intracerebral confirmada

Составители

Эксперты-консультанты

Matthew Jones, MD, FRCP

Consultant Neurologist

Manchester Centre for Clinical Neurosciences

Northern Care Alliance

Honorary Senior Lecturer

University of Manchester

Manchester

UK

Раскрытие информации

MJ is the chair of the Association of British Neurologists Education Committee (unpaid position). MJ is a faculty member of an MRCP revision course. MJ has received honoraria from Eisai for educational talks.

Acknowledgements

BMJ Best Practice would like to gratefully acknowledge the previous expert contributors, whose work has been retained in parts of the content:

Fernando D. Goldenberg, MD

Clinical Associate of Neurology

Medical Director, Neuroscience ICU

Director, Neurocritical Care Education

Co-Director, Stroke Center

University of Chicago

Chicago

IL

Raisa C. Martinez, MD

Neurocritical Care Fellow

Department of Neurology

University of Chicago

Chicago

IL

Раскрытие информации

FDG and RCM declare that they have no competing interests.

Рецензенты

David Werring, FRCP, PhD, FESO

Professor of Clinical Neurology

Head of Research Department, Brain Repair and Rehabilitation

UCL Institute of Neurology

Honorary Consultant Neurologist

National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery

University College Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

North Thames Clinical Research Specialty Lead for Stroke

NIHR Clinical Research Network

London

UK

Раскрытие информации

DW has received honoraria (speaking) from Bayer 2016, 2017, 2018 (talks or debates on intracerebral haemorrhage, atrial fibrillation, dementia) and honoraria (chairing) from Portola and Bayer 2019. DW has received consultancy fees from Bayer (2017; embolic stroke of undetermined source), JFB consulting (2018; PCSK9 inhibitors in stroke), Alnylam (2019; cerebral amyloid angiopathy), Portola (2019, 2020; andexanet alpha). JW was UCL Principle Investigator for NIHR clinical trials NAVIGATE-ESUS (Bayer, 2016-19), B2341002 (Pfizer 2014-2016), Action-2 (Biogen, 2016-19); Chief Investigator for OPTIMAS; steering committee and co-investigator for RESTART, TICH-2.

Peer reviewer acknowledgements

BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.

Disclosures

Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.

Список литературы

Our in-house evidence and editorial teams collaborate with international expert contributors and peer reviewers to ensure that we provide access to the most clinically relevant information possible.

Основные статьи

Greenberg SM, Ziai WC, Cordonnier C, et al. 2022 Guideline for the management of patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage: a guideline from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2022 Jul;53(7):e282-361.Полный текст  Аннотация

Intercollegiate Stroke Working Party. National clinical guideline for stroke for the UK and Ireland. May 2023 [internet publication].Полный текст

National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Stroke and transient ischaemic attack in over 16s: diagnosis and initial management. Apr 2022 [internet publication].Полный текст

Royal College of Physicians. National Clinical Guideline for Stroke. Oct 2016 [internet publication].Полный текст

Статьи, указанные как источники

A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.
  • Accidente cerebrovascular por hemorragia intracerebral espontánea images
  • Отличия

    • Accidente cerebrovascular isquémico
    • Encefalopatía hipertensiva
    • Hipoglucemia
    Больше Отличия
  • Рекомендации

    • National clinical guideline for stroke for the United Kingdom and Ireland
    • Stroke and transient ischaemic attack in over 16s: diagnosis and initial management
    Больше Рекомендации
  • Калькуляторы

    Escala de accidente cerebrovascular del NIH

    Escala de Coma de Glasgow

    Больше Калькуляторы
  • Videos

    Demostración animada de venopunción y flebotomía

    Demostración animada de como realizar un electrocardiograma (ECG)

    Больше Видео
  • Лифлеты для пациента

    Accidente cerebrovascular: tratamiento

    preguntas para formularle al médico si ha sufrido un accidente cerebrovascular

    Больше Лифлеты для пациента
  • padlock-lockedВойдите в учетную запись или оформите подписку, чтобы получить полноценный доступ к BMJ Best Practice

Использование этого контента попадает под действие нашего заявления об отказе от ответственности