Accidente cerebrovascular isquémico

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Evidencia revisada por última vez: 30 Mar 2026
Tema actualizado por última vez: 16 Jul 2025

Resumen

Definición

Anamnesis y examen

Principales factores de diagnóstico

  • debilidad unilateral o parálisis en la cara, el brazo o la pierna
  • disfasia
  • ataxia
  • alteración visual
  • Factores de riesgo
Todos los datos

Otros factores de diagnóstico

  • pérdida sensorial (entumecimiento)
  • disartría
  • cefalea
  • paresia de la mirada
  • arritmias, soplos o edema pulmonar
  • vértigo
  • náuseas o vómitos, o ambos
  • dolor facial o de cuello
  • miosis, ptosis y anhidrosis facial (hemilateral)
  • nivel de conciencia disminuido o coma
Todos los datos

Factores de riesgo

  • edad avanzada
  • antecedentes familiares de accidentes cerebrovasculares
  • antecedentes de accidente cerebrovascular isquémico o AIT
  • hipertensión
  • tabaquismo
  • diabetes mellitus
  • fibrilación auricular
  • enfermedades cardiacas concurrentes
  • estenosis carotídea
  • anemia falciforme
  • dislipidemia
  • niveles más bajos de educación
  • grupos étnicos de personas de raza negra o del sur de Asia
  • dieta insuficiente y desnutrición
  • inactividad física
  • obesidad
  • Trastorno por consumo de alcohol
  • terapia con estrógenos
  • apnea obstructiva del sueño
  • consumo de drogas ilícitas
  • migraña
  • hiperhomocisteinemia
  • aumento de lipoproteína-A
  • estados de hipercoagulabilidad
  • nivel elevado de proteína C-reactiva
  • placas en el cayado aórtico
Todos los datos

Pruebas diagnósticas

Primeras pruebas diagnósticas para solicitar

  • TC de la cabeza sin contraste
  • glucosa sérica
  • electrolitos séricos
  • urea y creatinina séricas
  • enzimas cardíacas
  • hemograma completo (HC)
  • electrocardiograma (ECG)
  • tiempo de protrombina y TTP (con INR)
Todos los datos

Pruebas diagnósticas que deben considerarse

  • cribado toxicológico en suero
  • IRM de la cabeza
  • angiografía por tomografía computarizada (TC)
  • Estudios por imágenes por TC o IRM ponderadas en perfusión
  • ultrasonido carotídeo
  • ecocardiograma
Todos los datos

Algoritmo de tratamiento

Inicial

sospecha de accidente cerebrovascular isquémico

Agudo

accidente cerebrovascular isquémico confirmado

Colaboradores

Consejeros especializados

Matthew Jones, MD, FRCP

Consultant Neurologist

Manchester Centre for Clinical Neurosciences

Northern Care Alliance

Honorary Senior Lecturer

University of Manchester

Manchester

UK

Divulgaciones

MJ is the chair of the Association of British Neurologists Education Committee (unpaid position). MJ is a faculty member of an MRCP revision course. MJ has received honoraria from Eisai for educational talks.

Rachael Power, MBChB, MRCP

Neurology Registrar

Manchester Centre for Clinical Neurosciences

Manchester

UK

Divulgaciones

RP has been sponsored by Novartis to attend the International Headache Conference.

Acknowledgements

BMJ Best Practice would like to gratefully acknowledge the previous expert contributor for this topic, whose work has been retained in parts of the content:

George Ntaios, MD, MSc (ESO Stroke Medicine), PhD, FESO

Assistant Professor of Internal Medicine

Medical School

University of Thessaly

Greece

Divulgaciones

GN is on the advisory boards for, and has received honoraria, speaker fees, and research support from: Amgen, Bayer, Boehringer-Ingelheim, BMS/Pfizer, Elpen, Galenica, Medtronic, Sanofi, and Winmedica.

Revisores por pares

Kayvan Khadjooi, MD, FRCP, PGCertMedEd

Consultant in Stroke Medicine

Addenbrooke’s Hospital

Associate Lecturer

School of Clinical Medicine

University of Cambridge

Cambridge

UK

利益声明

KK has received travel grants for conferences/speaker honoraria from Bayer, Boehringer, Daiichi-Sankyo, Pfizer, and Shire.

Peer reviewer acknowledgements

BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.

Disclosures

Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.

参考文献

Our in-house evidence and editorial teams collaborate with international expert contributors and peer reviewers to ensure that we provide access to the most clinically relevant information possible.

关键文献

Royal College of Physicians; Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network; Royal College of Physicians of Ireland. National clinical guideline for stroke for the United Kingdom and Ireland. Apr 2023 [internet publication].全文

National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Stroke and transient ischaemic attack in over 16s: diagnosis and initial management. Apr 2022 [internet publication].全文

National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Mechanical clot retrieval for treating acute ischaemic stroke. Feb 2016 [internet publication].全文

National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Alteplase for treating acute ischaemic stroke. Sep 2012 [internet publication].全文

参考文献

A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.
  • Accidente cerebrovascular isquémico images
  • 鉴别诊断

    • Hemorragia intracerebral
    • Ataque isquémico transitorio (AIT)
    • Encefalopatía hipertensiva
    更多 鉴别诊断
  • 指南

    • National clinical guideline for stroke for the United Kingdom and Ireland
    • Stroke and transient ischaemic attack in over 16s: diagnosis and initial management
    更多 指南
  • 医学计算器

    Escala de accidente cerebrovascular del NIH

    Escala de Coma de Glasgow

    更多 医学计算器
  • Videos

    Demostración animada de la intubación traqueal

    Demostración animada de la ventilación de bolsa-válvula-máscara

    更多 操作视频
  • 患者教育信息

    preguntas para formularle al médico si ha sufrido un accidente cerebrovascular

    Accidente cerebrovascular: tratamiento

    更多 患者教育信息
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