Resumo
Definition
History and exam
Key diagnostic factors
- debilidad unilateral o parálisis en la cara, el brazo o la pierna
- disfasia
- ataxia
- alteración visual
- Factores de riesgo
Other diagnostic factors
- pérdida sensorial (entumecimiento)
- disartría
- cefalea
- paresia de la mirada
- arritmias, soplos o edema pulmonar
- vértigo
- náuseas o vómitos, o ambos
- dolor facial o de cuello
- miosis, ptosis y anhidrosis facial (hemilateral)
- nivel de conciencia disminuido o coma
Risk factors
- edad avanzada
- antecedentes familiares de accidentes cerebrovasculares
- antecedentes de accidente cerebrovascular isquémico o AIT
- hipertensión
- tabaquismo
- diabetes mellitus
- fibrilación auricular
- enfermedades cardiacas concurrentes
- estenosis carotídea
- anemia falciforme
- dislipidemia
- niveles más bajos de educación
- grupos étnicos de personas de raza negra o del sur de Asia
- dieta insuficiente y desnutrición
- inactividad física
- obesidad
- Trastorno por consumo de alcohol
- terapia con estrógenos
- apnea obstructiva del sueño
- consumo de drogas ilícitas
- migraña
- hiperhomocisteinemia
- aumento de lipoproteína-A
- estados de hipercoagulabilidad
- nivel elevado de proteína C-reactiva
- placas en el cayado aórtico
Diagnostic investigations
1st investigations to order
- TC de la cabeza sin contraste
- glucosa sérica
- electrolitos séricos
- urea y creatinina séricas
- enzimas cardíacas
- hemograma completo (HC)
- electrocardiograma (ECG)
- tiempo de protrombina y TTP (con INR)
Investigations to consider
- cribado toxicológico en suero
- IRM de la cabeza
- angiografía por tomografía computarizada (TC)
- Estudios por imágenes por TC o IRM ponderadas en perfusión
- ultrasonido carotídeo
- ecocardiograma
Treatment algorithm
sospecha de accidente cerebrovascular isquémico
accidente cerebrovascular isquémico confirmado
Contributors
Expert advisers
Matthew Jones, MD, FRCP
Consultant Neurologist
Manchester Centre for Clinical Neurosciences
Northern Care Alliance
Honorary Senior Lecturer
University of Manchester
Manchester
UK
Disclosures
MJ is the chair of the Association of British Neurologists Education Committee (unpaid position). MJ is a faculty member of an MRCP revision course. MJ has received honoraria from Eisai for educational talks.
Rachael Power, MBChB, MRCP
Neurology Registrar
Manchester Centre for Clinical Neurosciences
Manchester
UK
Disclosures
RP has been sponsored by Novartis to attend the International Headache Conference.
Acknowledgements
BMJ Best Practice would like to gratefully acknowledge the previous expert contributor for this topic, whose work has been retained in parts of the content:
George Ntaios, MD, MSc (ESO Stroke Medicine), PhD, FESO
Assistant Professor of Internal Medicine
Medical School
University of Thessaly
Greece
Disclosures
GN is on the advisory boards for, and has received honoraria, speaker fees, and research support from: Amgen, Bayer, Boehringer-Ingelheim, BMS/Pfizer, Elpen, Galenica, Medtronic, Sanofi, and Winmedica.
Peer reviewers
Kayvan Khadjooi, MD, FRCP, PGCertMedEd
Consultant in Stroke Medicine
Addenbrooke’s Hospital
Associate Lecturer
School of Clinical Medicine
University of Cambridge
Cambridge
UK
Disclosures
KK has received travel grants for conferences/speaker honoraria from Bayer, Boehringer, Daiichi-Sankyo, Pfizer, and Shire.
Peer reviewer acknowledgements
BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.
Disclosures
Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.
References
Key articles
Royal College of Physicians; Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network; Royal College of Physicians of Ireland. National clinical guideline for stroke for the United Kingdom and Ireland. Apr 2023 [internet publication].Full text
National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Stroke and transient ischaemic attack in over 16s: diagnosis and initial management. Apr 2022 [internet publication].Full text
National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Mechanical clot retrieval for treating acute ischaemic stroke. Feb 2016 [internet publication].Full text
National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Alteplase for treating acute ischaemic stroke. Sep 2012 [internet publication].Full text
Reference articles
A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.

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