Accidente cerebrovascular isquémico

Cuando vea este tema en otro idioma, podría notar algunas diferencias en la estructura del contenido, pero aún refleja las últimas orientaciones basadas en la evidencia.

Última revisão: 17 Jan 2026
Última atualização: 16 Jul 2025

Resumo

Definition

History and exam

Key diagnostic factors

  • debilidad unilateral o parálisis en la cara, el brazo o la pierna
  • disfasia
  • ataxia
  • alteración visual
  • Factores de riesgo
Full details

Other diagnostic factors

  • pérdida sensorial (entumecimiento)
  • disartría
  • cefalea
  • paresia de la mirada
  • arritmias, soplos o edema pulmonar
  • vértigo
  • náuseas o vómitos, o ambos
  • dolor facial o de cuello
  • miosis, ptosis y anhidrosis facial (hemilateral)
  • nivel de conciencia disminuido o coma
Full details

Risk factors

  • edad avanzada
  • antecedentes familiares de accidentes cerebrovasculares
  • antecedentes de accidente cerebrovascular isquémico o AIT
  • hipertensión
  • tabaquismo
  • diabetes mellitus
  • fibrilación auricular
  • enfermedades cardiacas concurrentes
  • estenosis carotídea
  • anemia falciforme
  • dislipidemia
  • niveles más bajos de educación
  • grupos étnicos de personas de raza negra o del sur de Asia
  • dieta insuficiente y desnutrición
  • inactividad física
  • obesidad
  • Trastorno por consumo de alcohol
  • terapia con estrógenos
  • apnea obstructiva del sueño
  • consumo de drogas ilícitas
  • migraña
  • hiperhomocisteinemia
  • aumento de lipoproteína-A
  • estados de hipercoagulabilidad
  • nivel elevado de proteína C-reactiva
  • placas en el cayado aórtico
Full details

Diagnostic investigations

1st investigations to order

  • TC de la cabeza sin contraste
  • glucosa sérica
  • electrolitos séricos
  • urea y creatinina séricas
  • enzimas cardíacas
  • hemograma completo (HC)
  • electrocardiograma (ECG)
  • tiempo de protrombina y TTP (con INR)
Full details

Investigations to consider

  • cribado toxicológico en suero
  • IRM de la cabeza
  • angiografía por tomografía computarizada (TC)
  • Estudios por imágenes por TC o IRM ponderadas en perfusión
  • ultrasonido carotídeo
  • ecocardiograma
Full details

Treatment algorithm

INITIAL

sospecha de accidente cerebrovascular isquémico

ACUTE

accidente cerebrovascular isquémico confirmado

Contributors

Expert advisers

Matthew Jones, MD, FRCP

Consultant Neurologist

Manchester Centre for Clinical Neurosciences

Northern Care Alliance

Honorary Senior Lecturer

University of Manchester

Manchester

UK

Disclosures

MJ is the chair of the Association of British Neurologists Education Committee (unpaid position). MJ is a faculty member of an MRCP revision course. MJ has received honoraria from Eisai for educational talks.

Rachael Power, MBChB, MRCP

Neurology Registrar

Manchester Centre for Clinical Neurosciences

Manchester

UK

Disclosures

RP has been sponsored by Novartis to attend the International Headache Conference.

Acknowledgements

BMJ Best Practice would like to gratefully acknowledge the previous expert contributor for this topic, whose work has been retained in parts of the content:

George Ntaios, MD, MSc (ESO Stroke Medicine), PhD, FESO

Assistant Professor of Internal Medicine

Medical School

University of Thessaly

Greece

Disclosures

GN is on the advisory boards for, and has received honoraria, speaker fees, and research support from: Amgen, Bayer, Boehringer-Ingelheim, BMS/Pfizer, Elpen, Galenica, Medtronic, Sanofi, and Winmedica.

Peer reviewers

Kayvan Khadjooi, MD, FRCP, PGCertMedEd

Consultant in Stroke Medicine

Addenbrooke’s Hospital

Associate Lecturer

School of Clinical Medicine

University of Cambridge

Cambridge

UK

Disclosures

KK has received travel grants for conferences/speaker honoraria from Bayer, Boehringer, Daiichi-Sankyo, Pfizer, and Shire.

Peer reviewer acknowledgements

BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.

Disclosures

Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.

References

Our in-house evidence and editorial teams collaborate with international expert contributors and peer reviewers to ensure that we provide access to the most clinically relevant information possible.

Key articles

Royal College of Physicians; Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network; Royal College of Physicians of Ireland. National clinical guideline for stroke for the United Kingdom and Ireland. Apr 2023 [internet publication].Full text

National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Stroke and transient ischaemic attack in over 16s: diagnosis and initial management. Apr 2022 [internet publication].Full text

National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Mechanical clot retrieval for treating acute ischaemic stroke. Feb 2016 [internet publication].Full text

National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Alteplase for treating acute ischaemic stroke. Sep 2012 [internet publication].Full text

Reference articles

A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.
  • Accidente cerebrovascular isquémico images
  • Отличия

    • Hemorragia intracerebral
    • Ataque isquémico transitorio (AIT)
    • Encefalopatía hipertensiva
    More Отличия
  • Рекомендации

    • National clinical guideline for stroke for the United Kingdom and Ireland
    • Stroke and transient ischaemic attack in over 16s: diagnosis and initial management
    More Рекомендации
  • Калькуляторы

    Escala de accidente cerebrovascular del NIH

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  • Лифлеты для пациента

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