Amyloidosis

References

Key articles

National Comprehensive Cancer Network. NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology: systemic light chain amyloidosis [internet publication].Full text

Adams D, Suhr OB, Hund E, et al. First European consensus for diagnosis, management, and treatment of transthyretin familial amyloid polyneuropathy. Curr Opin Neurol. 2016 Feb;29(suppl 1):S14-26.Full text  Abstract

Wechalekar AD, Cibeira MT, Gibbs SD, et al. Guidelines for non-transplant chemotherapy for treatment of systemic AL amyloidosis: EHA-ISA working group. Amyloid. 2023 Mar;30(1):3-17.Full text  Abstract

Sanchorawala V, Boccadoro M, Gertz M, et al. Guidelines for high dose chemotherapy and stem cell transplantation for systemic AL amyloidosis: EHA-ISA working group guidelines. Amyloid. 2022 Mar;29(1):1-7. Abstract

Muchtar E, Dispenzieri A, Gertz MA, et al. Treatment of AL amyloidosis: Mayo stratification of myeloma and risk-adapted Ttherapy (mSMART) consensus statement 2020 update. Mayo Clin Proc. 2021 Jun;96(6):1546-77.Full text  Abstract

Reference articles

1. Gertz MA, Comenzo R, Falk RH, et al. Definition of organ involvement and treatment response in immunoglobulin light chain amyloidosis (AL): a consensus opinion from the 10th International Symposium on Amyloid and Amyloidosis, Tours, France, 18-22 April 2004. Am J Hematol. 2005 Aug;79(4):319-28. Abstract

2. International Myeloma Working Group. Criteria for the classification of monoclonal gammopathies, multiple myeloma and related disorders: a report of the International Myeloma Working Group. Br J Haematol. 2003 Jun;121(5):749-57. Abstract

3. Buxbaum JN, Dispenzieri A, Eisenberg DS, et al. Amyloid nomenclature 2022: update, novel proteins, and recommendations by the International Society of Amyloidosis (ISA) Nomenclature Committee. Amyloid. 2022 Dec;29(4):213-9.Full text  Abstract

4. Wechalekar AD, Gillmore JD, Hawkins PN. Systemic amyloidosis. Lancet. 2016 Jun 25;387(10038):2641-54. Abstract

5. Kumar N, Zhang NJ, Cherepanov D, et al. Global epidemiology of amyloid light-chain amyloidosis. Orphanet J Rare Dis. 2022 Jul 19;17(1):278.Full text  Abstract

6. Quock TP, Yan T, Chang E, et al. Epidemiology of AL amyloidosis: a real-world study using US claims data. Blood Adv. 2018 May 22;2(10):1046-53.Full text  Abstract

7. Bergesio F, Ciciani AM, Santostefano M, et al. Renal involvement in systemic amyloidosis - an Italian retrospective study on epidemiological and clinical data at diagnosis. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2007 Jun;22(6):1608-18. Abstract

8. Alexander KM, Orav J, Singh A, et al. Geographic disparities in reported US amyloidosis mortality from 1979 to 2015: potential underdetection of cardiac amyloidosis. JAMA Cardiol. 2018 Sep 1;3(9):865-70.Full text  Abstract

9. Staron A, Connors LH, Zheng L, et al. Race/ethnicity in systemic AL amyloidosis: perspectives on disease and outcome disparities. Blood Cancer J. 2020 Nov 10;10(11):118.Full text  Abstract

10. National Cancer Institute: Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program. Cancer stat facts: myeloma [internet publication].Full text

11. Wadhera RK, Rajkumar SV. Prevalence of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance: a systematic review. Mayo Clin Proc. 2010 Oct;85(10):933-42. Abstract

12. Landgren O, Weiss BM. Patterns of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance and multiple myeloma in various ethnic/racial groups: support for genetic factors in pathogenesis. Leukemia. 2009 Oct;23(10):1691-7.Full text  Abstract

13. Porcari A, Razvi Y, Masi A, et al. Prevalence, characteristics and outcomes of older patients with hereditary versus wild-type transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy. Eur J Heart Fail. 2023 Apr;25(4):515-24.Full text  Abstract

14. Ruberg FL, Grogan M, Hanna M, et al. Transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy: JACC state-of-the-art review. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2019 Jun 11;73(22):2872-91.Full text  Abstract

15. Hazenberg BP, van Rijswijk MH. Where has secondary amyloid gone? Ann Rheum Dis. 2000 Aug;59(8):577-9.Full text  Abstract

16. Lachmann HJ, Goodman HJB, Gilbertson JA, et al. Natural history and outcome in systemic AA amyloidosis. N Engl J Med. 2007 Jun 7;356(23):2361-71.Full text  Abstract

17. Lane T, Pinney JH, Gilbertson JA, et al. Changing epidemiology of AA amyloidosis: clinical observations over 25 years at a single national referral centre. Amyloid. 2017 Sep;24(3):162-6. Abstract

18. Vaxman I, Gertz M. When to suspect a diagnosis of amyloidosis. Acta Haematol. 2020;143(4):304-11.Full text  Abstract

19. Rajkumar SV, Gertz MA, Kyle RA. Primary systemic amyloidosis with delayed progression to multiple myeloma. Cancer. 1998 Apr 15;82(8):1501-5. Abstract

20. Kourelis TV, Kumar SK, Gertz MA, et al. Coexistent multiple myeloma or increased bone marrow plasma cells define equally high-risk populations in patients with immunoglobulin light chain amyloidosis. J Clin Oncol. 2013 Dec 1;31(34):4319-24.Full text  Abstract

21. Fayand A, Boutboul D, Galicier L, et al. Epidemiology of Castleman disease associated with AA amyloidosis: description of 2 new cases and literature review. Amyloid. 2019 Dec;26(4):197-202. Abstract

22. Bernabei L, Waxman A, Caponetti G, et al. AA amyloidosis associated with Castleman disease: a case report and review of the literature. Medicine (Baltimore). 2020 Feb;99(6):e18978.Full text  Abstract

23. Lachmann HJ. Periodic fever syndromes. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 2017 Aug;31(4):596-609. Abstract

24. Delaleu J, Deshayes S, Rodrigues F, et al. Tumour necrosis factor receptor-1 associated periodic syndrome (TRAPS)-related AA amyloidosis: a national case series and systematic review. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2021 Dec 1;60(12):5775-84.Full text  Abstract

25. Rodrigues F, Cuisset L, Cador-Rousseau B, et al. AA amyloidosis complicating cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome: a study of 86 cases including 23 French patients and systematic review. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2022 Nov 28;61(12):4827-34. Abstract

26. Lachmann HJ, Goodman HJ, Andrews PA, et al. AA amyloidosis complicating hyperimmunoglobulinemia D with periodic fever syndrome: a report of two cases. Arthritis Rheum. 2006 Jun;54(6):2010-4.Full text  Abstract

27. Comenzo RL, Zhou P, Fleisher M, et al. Seeking confidence in the diagnosis of systemic AL (Ig light-chain) amyloidosis: patients can have both monoclonal gammopathies and hereditary amyloid proteins. Blood. 2006 May 1;107(9):3489-91.Full text  Abstract

28. Lachmann HJ, Booth DR, Booth SE, et al. Misdiagnosis of hereditary amyloidosis as AL (primary) amyloidosis. N Engl J Med. 2002 Jun 6;346(23):1786-91.Full text  Abstract

29. Gertz M, Adams D, Ando Y, et al. Avoiding misdiagnosis: expert consensus recommendations for the suspicion and diagnosis of transthyretin amyloidosis for the general practitioner. BMC Fam Pract. 2020 Sep 23;21(1):198.Full text  Abstract

30. Larsen CP, Ismail W, Kurtin PJ, et al. Leukocyte chemotactic factor 2 amyloidosis (ALECT2) is a common form of renal amyloidosis among Egyptians. Mod Pathol. 2016 Apr;29(4):416-20.Full text  Abstract

31. Larsen CP, Kossmann RJ, Beggs ML, et al. Clinical, morphologic, and genetic features of renal leukocyte chemotactic factor 2 amyloidosis. Kidney Int. 2014 Aug;86(2):378-82.Full text  Abstract

32. Rezk T, Gilbertson JA, Rowczenio D, et al. Diagnosis, pathogenesis and outcome in leucocyte chemotactic factor 2 (ALECT2) amyloidosis. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2018 Feb 1;33(2):241-7.Full text  Abstract

33. Nasr SH, Dogan A, Larsen CP. Leukocyte cell-derived chemotaxin 2-associated amyloidosis: a recently recognized disease with distinct clinicopathologic characteristics. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2015 Nov 6;10(11):2084-93.Full text  Abstract

34. Merlini G, Dispenzieri A, Sanchorawala V, et al. Systemic immunoglobulin light chain amyloidosis. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2018 Oct 25;4(1):38. Abstract

35. Pozzi C, Locatelli F. Kidney and liver involvement in monoclonal light chain disorders. Semin Nephrol. 2002 Jul;22(4):319-30. Abstract

36. Randles EG, Thompson JR, Martin DJ, et al. Structural alterations within native amyloidogenic immunoglobulin light chains. J Mol Biol. 2009 May 29;389(1):199-210.Full text  Abstract

37. Gu M, Wilton R, Stevens FJ. Diversity and diversification of light chains in myeloma: the specter of amyloidogenesis by proxy. Contrib Nephrol. 2007;153:156-81. Abstract

38. Comenzo RL, Zhang Y, Martinez C, et al. The tropism of organ involvement in primary systemic amyloidosis: contributions of Ig V(L) germ line gene use and clonal plasma cell burden. Blood. 2001 Aug 1;98(3):714-20.Full text  Abstract

39. Gertz MA, Leung N, Lacy MQ, et al. Clinical outcome of immunoglobulin light chain amyloidosis affecting the kidney. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2009 Oct;24(10):3132-7.Full text  Abstract

40. Merlini G, Pozzi C. Mechanisms of renal damage in plasma cell dyscrasias: an overview. Contrib Nephrol. 2007;153:66-86. Abstract

41. Gertz MA, Lacy MQ, Dispenzieri A, et al. Amyloidosis: diagnosis and management. Clin Lymphoma Myeloma. 2005 Nov;6(3):208-19. Abstract

42. Shah KB, Inoue Y, Mehra MR. Amyloidosis and the heart: a comprehensive review. Arch Intern Med. 2006 Sep 25;166(17):1805-13.Full text  Abstract

43. Muchtar E, Gertz MA, Lacy MQ, et al. Ten-year survivors in AL amyloidosis: characteristics and treatment pattern. Br J Haematol. 2019 Dec;187(5):588-94.Full text  Abstract

44. Martinez-Naharro A, Hawkins PN, Fontana M. Cardiac amyloidosis. Clin Med (Lond). 2018 Apr 1;18(suppl 2):s30-s35.Full text  Abstract

45. Falk RH, Alexander KM, Liao R, et al. AL (light-chain) cardiac amyloidosis: a review of diagnosis and therapy. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2016 Sep 20;68(12):1323-41.Full text  Abstract

46. Perugini E, Rapezzi C, Reggiani LB, et al. Comparison of ventricular long-axis function in patients with cardiac amyloidosis versus idiopathic restrictive cardiomyopathy. Am J Cardiol. 2005 Jan 1;95(1):146-9. Abstract

47. Palladini G, Merlini G. What is new in diagnosis and management of light chain amyloidosis? Blood. 2016 Jul 14;128(2):159-68.Full text  Abstract

48. Gertz MA, Lacy MQ, Dispenzieri A, et al. Amyloidosis. Best Pract Res Clin Haematol. 2005;18(4):709-27. Abstract

49. Freeman R. Autonomic peripheral neuropathy. Lancet. 2005 Apr 2-8;365(9466):1259-70. Abstract

50. Kapoor M, Rossor AM, Jaunmuktane Z, et al. Diagnosis of amyloid neuropathy. Pract Neurol. 2019 Jun;19(3):250-8. Abstract

51. Cervantes CE, Atta MG. Kidney amyloidosis: updates on pathogenesis and therapeutic frontiers. Am J Nephrol. 2024 Jun 12:1-12.Full text  Abstract

52. Mirioglu S, Uludag O, Hurdogan O, et al. AA amyloidosis: a contemporary view. Curr Rheumatol Rep. 2024 Jul;26(7):248-59.Full text  Abstract

53. Siddiqi OK, Ruberg FL. Cardiac amyloidosis: an update on pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment. Trends Cardiovasc Med. 2018 Jan;28(1):10-21. Abstract

54. Kittleson MM, Maurer MS, Ambardekar AV, et al. Cardiac amyloidosis: evolving diagnosis and management: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2020 Jul 7;142(1):e7-22.Full text  Abstract

55. Grogan M, Scott CG, Kyle RA, et al. Natural history of wild-type transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis and risk stratification using a novel staging system. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2016 Sep 6;68(10):1014-20.Full text  Abstract

56. Benson MD, James S, Scott K, et al. Leukocyte chemotactic factor 2: a novel renal amyloid protein. Kidney Int. 2008 Jul;74(2):218-22.Full text  Abstract

57. Kyle RA, Therneau TM, Rajkumar SV, et al. A long-term study of prognosis in monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance. N Engl J Med. 2002 Feb 21;346(8):564-9.Full text  Abstract

58. Kyle RA, Larson DR, Therneau TM, et al. Long-term follow-up of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance. N Engl J Med. 2018 Jan 18;378(3):241-9.Full text  Abstract

59. Papa R, Lachmann HJ. Secondary, AA, amyloidosis. Rheum Dis Clin North Am. 2018 Nov;44(4):585-603. Abstract

60. Phull P, Sanchorawala V, Connors LH, et al. Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance in systemic transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTR). Amyloid. 2018 Mar;25(1):62-7.Full text  Abstract

61. National Comprehensive Cancer Network. NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology: systemic light chain amyloidosis [internet publication].Full text

62. Law S, Gillmore JD. When to suspect and how to approach a diagnosis of amyloidosis. Am J Med. 2022 Apr;135 Suppl 1:S2-8.Full text  Abstract

63. Palladini G, Milani P, Merlini G. Management of AL amyloidosis in 2020. Blood. 2020 Dec 3;136(23):2620-7.Full text  Abstract

64. Muchtar E, Gertz MA, Kumar SK, et al. Improved outcomes for newly diagnosed AL amyloidosis between 2000 and 2014: cracking the glass ceiling of early death. Blood. 2017 Apr 13;129(15):2111-9.Full text  Abstract

65. Conceição I, González-Duarte A, Obici L, et al. "Red-flag" symptom clusters in transthyretin familial amyloid polyneuropathy. J Peripher Nerv Syst. 2016 Mar;21(1):5-9.Full text  Abstract

66. Planté-Bordeneuve V, Said G. Familial amyloid polyneuropathy. Lancet Neurol. 2011 Dec;10(12):1086-97. Abstract

67. Kaku M, Berk JL. Neuropathy associated with systemic amyloidosis. Semin Neurol. 2019 Oct;39(5):578-88. Abstract

68. Gonzalez-Duarte A, Valdés-Ferrer SI, Cantú-Brito C. Characteristics and natural history of autonomic involvement in hereditary ATTR amyloidosis: a systematic review. Clin Auton Res. 2019 Sep;29(suppl 1):1-9.Full text  Abstract

69. Milandri A, Farioli A, Gagliardi C, et al. Carpal tunnel syndrome in cardiac amyloidosis: implications for early diagnosis and prognostic role across the spectrum of aetiologies. Eur J Heart Fail. 2020 Mar;22(3):507-15.Full text  Abstract

70. Writing Committee, Kittleson MM, Ruberg FL, et al. 2023 ACC expert consensus decision pathway on comprehensive multidisciplinary care for the patient with cardiac amyloidosis: a report of the American College of Cardiology solution set oversight committee. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2023 Mar 21;81(11):1076-1126.Full text  Abstract

71. Nativi-Nicolau JN, Karam C, Khella S, et al. Screening for ATTR amyloidosis in the clinic: overlapping disorders, misdiagnosis, and multiorgan awareness. Heart Fail Rev. 2022 May;27(3):785-93.Full text  Abstract

72. Kyle RA, Gertz MA. Primary systemic amyloidosis: clinical and laboratory features in 474 cases. Semin Hematol. 1995 Jan;32(1):45-59. Abstract

73. Falk RH. Diagnosis and management of the cardiac amyloidoses. Circulation. 2005 Sep 27;112(13):2047-60.Full text  Abstract

74. Dispenzieri A, Kyle R, Merlini G, et al. International Myeloma Working Group guidelines for serum-free light chain analysis in multiple myeloma and related disorders. Leukemia. 2009 Feb;23(2):215-24. Abstract

75. Katzmann JA, Abraham RS, Dispenzieri A, et al. Diagnostic performance of quantitative kappa and lambda free light chain assays in clinical practice. Clin Chem. 2005 May;51(5):878-81.Full text  Abstract

76. Morris KL, Tate JR, Gill D, et al. Diagnostic and prognostic utility of the serum free light chain assay in patients with AL amyloidosis. Intern Med J. 2007 Jul;37(7):456-63. Abstract

77. Gillmore JD, Wechalekar A, Bird J, et al. Guidelines on the diagnosis and investigation of AL amyloidosis. Br J Haematol. 2015 Jan;168(2):207-18.Full text  Abstract

78. Muchtar E, Dispenzieri A, Lacy MQ, et al. Overuse of organ biopsies in immunoglobulin light chain amyloidosis (AL): the consequence of failure of early recognition. Ann Med. 2017 Nov;49(7):545-551.Full text  Abstract

79. Gertz MA. The classification and typing of amyloid deposits. Am J Clin Pathol. 2004 Jun;121(6):787-9. Abstract

80. Gertz MA, Dispenzieri A, Muchtar E. Importance of FISH genetics in light chain amyloidosis. Oncotarget. 2017 Oct 10;8(47):81735-6.Full text

81. Muchtar E, Dispenzieri A, Kumar SK, et al. Interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization in untreated AL amyloidosis has an independent prognostic impact by abnormality type and treatment category. Leukemia. 2017 Jul;31(7):1562-9. Abstract

82. Gillmore JD, Reilly MM, Coats CJ, et al. Clinical and genetic evaluation of people with or at risk of hereditary ATTR amyloidosis: an expert opinion and consensus on best practice in Ireland and the UK. Adv Ther. 2022 Jun;39(6):2292-301.Full text  Abstract

83. Conceição I, Damy T, Romero M, et al. Early diagnosis of ATTR amyloidosis through targeted follow-up of identified carriers of TTR gene mutations. Amyloid. 2019 Mar;26(1):3-9.Full text  Abstract

84. Tuzovic M, Yang EH, Baas AS, et al. Cardiac amyloidosis: diagnosis and treatment strategies. Curr Oncol Rep. 2017 Jul;19(7):46. Abstract

85. Dorbala S, Ando Y, Bokhari S, et al. ASNC/AHA/ASE/EANM/HFSA/ISA/SCMR/SNMMI expert consensus recommendations for multimodality imaging in cardiac amyloidosis: part 1 of 2-evidence base and standardized methods of imaging. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging. 2021 Jul;14(7):e000029.Full text  Abstract

86. Gillmore JD, Maurer MS, Falk RH, et al. Nonbiopsy diagnosis of cardiac transthyretin amyloidosis. Circulation. 2016 Jun 14;133(24):2404-12.Full text  Abstract

87. Castano A, Haq M, Narotsky DL, et al. Multicenter study of planar technetium 99m pyrophosphate cardiac imaging: predicting survival for patients with ATTR cardiac amyloidosis. JAMA Cardiol. 2016 Nov 1;1(8):880-9.Full text  Abstract

88. Neben-Wittich MA, Wittich CM, Mueller PS, et al. Obstructive intramural coronary amyloidosis and myocardial ischemia are common in primary amyloidosis. Am J Med. 2005 Nov;118(11):1287. Abstract

89. Hawkins PN, Lavender JP, Pepys MB. Evaluation of systemic amyloidosis by scintigraphy with 123I-labeled serum amyloid P component. N Engl J Med. 1990 Aug 23;323(8):508-13.Full text  Abstract

90. Dispenzieri A, Kyle RA, Gertz MA, et al. Survival in patients with primary systemic amyloidosis and raised serum cardiac troponins. Lancet. 2003 May 24;361(9371):1787-9. Abstract

91. Palladini G, Campana C, Klersy C, et al. Serum N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide is a sensitive marker of myocardial dysfunction in AL amyloidosis. Circulation. 2003 May 20;107(19):2440-5.Full text  Abstract

92. Dispenzieri A, Gertz MA, Kyle RA, et al. Serum cardiac troponins and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide: a staging system for primary systemic amyloidosis. J Clin Oncol. 2004 Sep 15;22(18):3751-7. Abstract

93. Kumar S, Dispenzieri A, Lacy MQ, et al. Revised prognostic staging system for light chain amyloidosis incorporating cardiac biomarkers and serum free light chain measurements. J Clin Oncol. 2012 Mar 20;30(9):989-95. Abstract

94. Wechalekar AD, Schonland SO, Kastritis E, et al. A European collaborative study of treatment outcomes in 346 patients with cardiac stage III AL amyloidosis. Blood. 2013 Apr 25;121(17):3420-7.Full text  Abstract

95. Zerbini CA, Anderson JJ, Kane KA, et al. Beta 2 microglobulin serum levels and prediction of survival in AL amyloidosis. Amyloid. 2002 Dec;9(4):242-6. Abstract

96. Al Saleh AS, Sidiqi MH, Muchtar E, et al. Prognostic role of beta-2 microglobulin in patients with light chain amyloidosis treated with autologous stem cell transplantation. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2020 Aug;26(8):1402-1405.Full text  Abstract

97. Palladini G, Russo P, Bosoni T, et al. Identification of amyloidogenic light chains requires the combination of serum-free light chain assay with immunofixation of serum and urine. Clin Chem. 2009 Mar;55(3):499-504.Full text  Abstract

98. Choufani EB, Sanchorawala V, Ernst T, et al. Acquired factor X deficiency in patients with amyloid light-chain amyloidosis: incidence, bleeding manifestations, and response to high-dose chemotherapy. Blood. 2001 Mar 15;97(6):1885-7.Full text  Abstract

99. Koyama J, Ray-Sequin PA, Falk RH. Longitudinal myocardial function assessed by tissue velocity, strain, and strain rate tissue Doppler echocardiography in patients with AL (primary) cardiac amyloidosis. Circulation. 2003 May 20;107(19):2446-52.Full text  Abstract

100. Weidemann F, Strotmann JM. Use of tissue Doppler imaging to identify and manage systemic diseases. Clin Res Cardiol. 2008 Feb;97(2):65-73. Abstract

101. Lee ASY, Lee DZQ, Vasanwala FF. Amyloid light-chain amyloidosis presenting as abdominal bloating: a case report. J Med Case Rep. 2016 Mar 30;10:68.Full text  Abstract

102. Hoscheit M, Kamal A, Cline M. Gastroparesis in a patient with sastric AL amyloidosis. Case Rep Gastroenterol. 2018 May-Aug;12(2):317-21.Full text  Abstract

103. Wixner J, Karling P, Rydh A, et al. Gastric emptying in hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis: the impact of autonomic neuropathy. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2012 Dec;24(12):1111-e568.Full text  Abstract

104. Muchtar E, Kumar SK, Gertz MA, et al. Staging systems use for risk stratification of systemic amyloidosis in the era of high-sensitivity troponin T assay. Blood. 2019 Feb 14;133(7):763-6.Full text  Abstract

105. Palladini G, Dispenzieri A, Gertz MA, et al. New criteria for response to treatment in immunoglobulin light chain amyloidosis based on free light chain measurement and cardiac biomarkers: impact on survival outcomes. J Clin Oncol. 2012 Dec 20;30(36):4541-9.Full text  Abstract

106. Muchtar E, Gertz MA, Lacy MQ, et al. Refining amyloid complete hematological response: Quantitative serum free light chains superior to ratio. Am J Hematol. 2020 Nov;95(11):1280-7. Abstract

107. Dorbala S, Ando Y, Bokhari S, et al. ASNC/AHA/ASE/EANM/HFSA/ISA/SCMR/SNMMI expert consensus recommendations for multimodality imaging in cardiac amyloidosis: part 2 of 2 - diagnostic criteria and appropriate utilization. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging. 2021 Jul;14(7):e000030.Full text  Abstract

108. Adams D, Ando Y, Beirão JM, et al. Expert consensus recommendations to improve diagnosis of ATTR amyloidosis with polyneuropathy. J Neurol. 2021 Jun;268(6):2109-22.Full text  Abstract

109. Maurer MS, Bokhari S, Damy T, et al. Expert consensus recommendations for the suspicion and diagnosis of transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis. Circ Heart Fail. 2019 Sep;12(9):e006075.Full text  Abstract

110. Garcia-Pavia P, Rapezzi C, Adler Y, et al. Diagnosis and treatment of cardiac amyloidosis: a position statement of the ESC working group on myocardial and pericardial diseases. Eur Heart J. 2021 Apr 21;42(16):1554-68.Full text  Abstract

111. Adams D, Suhr OB, Hund E, et al. First European consensus for diagnosis, management, and treatment of transthyretin familial amyloid polyneuropathy. Curr Opin Neurol. 2016 Feb;29(suppl 1):S14-26.Full text  Abstract

112. Wechalekar AD, Cibeira MT, Gibbs SD, et al. Guidelines for non-transplant chemotherapy for treatment of systemic AL amyloidosis: EHA-ISA working group. Amyloid. 2023 Mar;30(1):3-17.Full text  Abstract

113. Sanchorawala V, Boccadoro M, Gertz M, et al. Guidelines for high dose chemotherapy and stem cell transplantation for systemic AL amyloidosis: EHA-ISA working group guidelines. Amyloid. 2022 Mar;29(1):1-7. Abstract

114. Muchtar E, Dispenzieri A, Gertz MA, et al. Treatment of AL amyloidosis: Mayo stratification of myeloma and risk-adapted Ttherapy (mSMART) consensus statement 2020 update. Mayo Clin Proc. 2021 Jun;96(6):1546-77.Full text  Abstract

115. mSMART. Mayo consensus on AL amyloidosis: diagnosis, treatment and prognosis. Apr 2023 [internet publication].Full text

116. Sidiqi MH, Aljama MA, Muchtar E, et al. Autologous stem cell transplant for immunoglobulin light chain amyloidosis patients aged 70 to 75. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2018 Oct;24(10):2157-9.Full text  Abstract

117. D'Souza A, Dispenzieri A, Wirk B, et al. Improved outcomes after autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation for light chain amyloidosis: a Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research study. J Clin Oncol. 2015 Nov 10;33(32):3741-9.Full text  Abstract

118. Sidiqi MH, Aljama MA, Buadi FK, et al. Stem cell transplantation for light chain amyloidosis: decreased early mortality over time. J Clin Oncol. 2018 May 1;36(13):1323-9.Full text  Abstract

119. Miyazaki K, Suzuki K. Autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation versus chemotherapy alone for immunoglobulin light chain amyloidosis: a retrospective study. Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk. 2019 Jul;19(7):413-22. Abstract

120. Oke O, Sethi T, Goodman S, et al. Outcomes from autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation versus chemotherapy alone for the management of light chain amyloidosis. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2017 Sep;23(9):1473-7.Full text  Abstract

121. Jaccard A, Moreau P, Leblond V, et al. High-dose melphalan versus melphalan plus dexamethasone for AL amyloidosis. N Engl J Med. 2007 Sep 13;357(11):1083-93. Abstract

122. Mhaskar R, Kumar A, Behera M, et al. Role of high-dose chemotherapy and autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation in primary systemic amyloidosis: a systematic review. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2009 Aug;15(8):893-902. Abstract

123. Chakraborty R, Milani P, Palladini G, et al. Role of autologous haematopoietic cell transplantation in the treatment of systemic light chain amyloidosis in the era of anti-CD38 monoclonal antibodies. Lancet Haematol. 2023 Nov;10(11):e936-40.Full text  Abstract

124. Gertz MA. Immunoglobulin light chain amyloidosis: 2024 update on diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. Am J Hematol. 2024 Feb;99(2):309-24.Full text  Abstract

125. Sharpley FA, Petrie A, Mahmood S, et al. A 24-year experience of autologous stem cell transplantation for light chain amyloidosis patients in the United Kingdom. Br J Haematol. 2019 Dec;187(5):642-52. Abstract

126. Gustine JN, Staron A, Szalat RE, et al. Predictors of hematologic response and survival with stem cell transplantation in AL amyloidosis: a 25-year longitudinal study. Am J Hematol. 2022 Sep;97(9):1189-99. Abstract

127. National Comprehensive Cancer Network. NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology: hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) [internet publication].Full text

128. Landau H, Smith M, Landry C, et al. Long-term event-free and overall survival after risk-adapted melphalan and SCT for systemic light chain amyloidosis. Leukemia. 2017 Jan;31(1):136-42.Full text  Abstract

129. Manwani R, Hegenbart U, Mahmood S, et al. Deferred autologous stem cell transplantation in systemic AL amyloidosis. Blood Cancer J. 2018 Nov 5;8(11):101.Full text  Abstract

130. Cohen AD, Zhou P, Chou J, et al. Risk-adapted autologous stem cell transplantation with adjuvant dexamethasone ± thalidomide for systemic light-chain amyloidosis: results of a phase II trial. Br J Haematol. 2007 Oct;139(2):224-33.Full text  Abstract

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